OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in the sinus mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). METHOD: Using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, testing the content of PPAR-γ in sinus mucosa and nasal polyps of patients with chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps and normal inferior turbinate, and analyzing the differences. RESULT: The PPAR-γ was found both in sinus mucosa of CRSsNP, nasal polyps of CRSwNP and in normal inferior turbinate; (2) The expression of PPAR-γ in sinus mucosa of CRSsNP and nasal polyps of CRSwNP was lower than that in normal inferior turbinate tissue, and the differences was prominent in statistics; (3) No differences in the expression of PPAR-γ were obtained in sinus mucosa of CRSsNP and nasal polyps of CRSwNP. CONCLUSION The PPAR-γ expressed in human nasal mucosa, meanwhile it was descending in sinus mucosa of CRSsNP and nasal polyps of CRSwNP. The long-term inflammations resulted from CRSsNP and nasal polyps of CRSwNP might relate to PPAR-γ, it suggested that PPAR-γ agonists may offer a new therapy for the treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Polyps ; metabolism ; PPAR gamma ; biosynthesis ; Rhinitis ; metabolism ; Sinusitis ; metabolism ; Turbinates

AIM To study the delayed cardioprotection eff ec ts of pharmacological preconditioning of nitroglycerin (NG) and buprenorphine (B U) used alone or in combination on myocardial ischemia in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomized to 5 groups. Normal saline (NS) was inf used intravenously with the same volume of NG and BU in Sham group. The anterior mesenteric artery was ligated for 10 min in delayed ischemic preconditioning (D IP) group. BU (1 0 mg?kg -1 ) and NG (0 3 mg?kg -1 ) was administere d intravenously alone or in combination in BU, NG and B+N group respectively. Th e ischemia and reperfusion injury were induced by ligation of left arterior desc ending coronary artery for 30 minutes and followed 2 hours reperfusion at 24 h a fter first operation. Heart rate, blood pressure, ECG ST-segment and arrhythmia s were recorded continuously throughout the whole test. The plasma LDH and CK we re measured. on 30min after ischemia and 2 h after reperfusion. HE and TTC stain ing were performed to determine the myocytes necrosis at the end of test. RESULTS Compared with sham group,DIP group reduced ST-segment during ischemia ( P

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features, diagnosis and treatments of primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis. METHOD: A case report was presented, and meanwhile etiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis were also reviewed. RESULT: A biopsy was taken and the histopathological examination showed tuberculosis granuloma with caseous necrosis. After anti-tuberculosis therapy, the symptoms disappeared. CONCLUSION Not only otologic disorders but also nasopharyngeal diseases need to be considered when aural fullness exists. More importantly, primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis should be taken as one of the differential diagnosis.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis ; diagnosis

Objective:We probe more direct operation pathways in sphenoidal sinus and saddle area, and take proper measures for correlated diseases which surpass scope of sphenoidal sinus by combining image data, which could prevent serious complication.Method:Under nasal endoscope, the operation approaches we adopted included trans-anterior ethmoid sinus-posterior ethmoid sinus-sphenoidal sinus pathway, trans-meatus nasi superior-posterior ethmoid sinus-sphenoidal sinus pathway, trans nasal septum-sphenoidal sinus pathway and trans-natural opening of sphenoid sinus anterior into sphenoid sinus pathway by taking upper edge of posterior naris as a consistent surgical landmark. Forty-six cases who had sphenoidal sinus mass with bone erosion recieved surgical treatment.Result:Twenty-one cases with cyst and pus cyst of sphenoidal sinus had been healed by trans-meatus nasi superior pathway;1 case with hematoma and organization in sphenoidal sinus had been cleared by trans-meatus nasi superior pathway;3 cases had hematoma and organization in sphenoidal sinus and pseudoaneurysm in internal carotid artery,one of them suffered fatal hemorrhage in surgical exploration, and cured by endovascular embolization, the other two only underwent nasal endoscopic examination,the diagnosis was established by DSA and they received interventional therapy;4 cases with papilloma in sphenoidal sinus had been treated by trans-natural opening of sphenoid sinus approach,and 3 cases were cured,1 case had only partial mass resection as the papilloma offended the outer wall of sphenoidal sinus diffusely;2 cases with cholesteatoma of sphenoid sinus have been removed completely by trans-meatus nasi superior approach;1 case with encephalomeningocele of sphenoidal sinus underwent sphenoidotomy by trans-natural opening of anterior of sphenoidal sinus, and intraoperative puncture showed characteristic cerebrospinal fluid,the exposed meninges were then repaird surgically;1 case with mycosis of sphenoidal sinus had been cured by thorough clearing of the leision in sphenoidal sinus combined with antifungal therapy;3 cases with malignancy of sphenoidal sinus had received major mass resection of sphenoidal sinus by trans-anterior ethmoid sinus-posterior ethmoid sinus approach, and followed with radio therapy and chemotheraphy;5 cases with NPC in-volving sphenoidal sinus had been treated by radio therapy and chemotherapy after pathological examinacation;5 cases with post-operative cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and granulation hyperplasia of sphenoidal sinus had been repaired successfully by trans-meatus nasi superior approach or tans-nasal septum approach.Conclusion:There are various surgical pathways to deal with sphenoidal sinus and correlated diseases under nasal endoscope.The operation will be direct, safe and minimal invasive if we choose the pathway properly. Thin slice CT scan and 3D reconstruction of sella, and DSA or angiography of brain before operation is one of effective means to prevent surgical complications for leisions beyond scope of sphenoidal sinus.

Objective To observe the effect of cupping plus medication on the quality of life and estrogen level in perimenopausal syndrome patients. Method A total of 40 eligible perimenopausal syndrome patients were randomized into a cupping-medication group and a Chinese medication group, 20 cases in each group. The Chinese medication group was intervened by Er Xian decoction, the cupping-medication group was intervened by moving cupping on the back in addition to the treatment given to the Chinese medication group, once a week. Each item of the Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MENQOL), the levels of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotropic hormone (LH) in serum were observed before and after the treatment, and the results were analyzed. Result After two treatment courses, the vasomotor symptoms, mental state, physiological state, and sexual life scores in the two groups were significantly improved compared to the scores before the treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01), and there was a significant difference between the two groups in comparing the MENQOL total score (P<0.01). The between-group comparison after the treatment showed that the cupping-medication group was significantly superior to the Chinese medication group (P<0.05). After two treatment courses, the serum E2 levels in the two groups were significantly higher than those before the treatment (P<0.01), and the increase in the cupping-medication group was more significant than that in the Chinese medication group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the serum FSH and LH levels in the two groups were lower compared to those before the treatment, but without statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Moving cupping on the back plus Er Xian decoction can effectively improve the quality of life of perimenopausal syndrome patients and significantly increase the serum E2 level, superior to using Er Xian decoction alone.

The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells in vitro and the possible mechanism involved were investigated, and the correlation between the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 in NPC evaluated. The NPC cells were transfected with PAd-trackVEGF165 plasmid. The expression levels of VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA and protein in NPC cells were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. It was found that the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA and protein was significantly increased in NPC cells after transfection of VEGF165. It was concluded that the expression of VEGF was correlated to the in vitro invasion of NPC cells, and the induction of MMP-2 by VEGF was a key process of NPC cell invasion.

E-cadherin is a key epithelial protein and adhesive molecule. This study detected the E-cadherin expression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and controls, and analyzed its possible role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. The expression of E-cadherin was detected by using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in controls and patients with CRSwNP. Computed tomography (CT) scan findings were scored. The results showed that the E-cadherin expression was up-regulated in patients with CRSwNP as compared with controls (P=0.039) and the positive staining was predominantly localized on the epithelial cell membrane. E-cadherin level was correlated negatively with Lund-Mackay scores in patients with CRSwNP (r=-0.604, P=0.005). It is suggested that E-cadherin may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP and correlated with disease severity.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience of endoscopic repair for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea in our department in the last 4 years. METHOD: Clinical data of 16 patients with CSF rhinorrhea who underwent nasal endoscopic repair was analyzed retrospectively. The effect of etiology, image data, location of CSF leaks and surgical techniques on treatment were discussed. RESULT: Among the 16 patients, 10 were diagnosed with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea, 2 were diagnosed with traumatic CSF rhinorrhea, 3 were diagnosed with CSF rhinorrhea after catching cold and 1 was diagnosed with meningo-encephalocele in with CSF rhinorrhea. The leak was located by CT scan in 11 cases, by MRI in 7 cases. The common locations of the defect were the frontal sinus (3 cases), cribriform roof (3 cases), sphenoid sinus (6 cases) and the nasal cavity top (4 cases). All the cases were successfully cured after the first nasal endoscopic repair with autologous materials. None of patients had a reoccurrence during 10 to 42 months follow-up time. CONCLUSION The application of CT and MRC before surgery which could make an accurate diagnosis of the location and the size of the defect. The correct selection of repair materials, processing planting bed around the leakage and complete contacting leakage with graft bed are the key points to the successful surgery of CSF rhinorrhea.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; surgery ; Child ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To study the feasibility of in vitro release of γ-interferon tests (IGRA) in screening of tuberculosis for children with close TB contacts. Methods 185 children with close TB contacts were detected by IGRA at the pediatric clinic in our hospital. Results In IGRA-positive group, the rate of strong positive PPD (PDD≥15 mm) was 50.9%, which was higher than 9.1% in IGRA-negative group (X2 =37.263, P < 0.00). The morbidity rate for children with close TB contacts was 30.2% in IGRA-positive group, and it was significantly higher than 3.0% in IGRA-negative group (X2 = 28.928, P < 0.00). The sensitivity was 80% and the specificity was 77.6% for IGRA screening in children who had close contacts with TB patients. The sensitivity would be 95.0%, as the test was combined with PPD test. Conclusions IGRA screening in children with close TB contacts can increase the detection rate of tuberculosis and reduce imaging screening.

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the development of audito‐ry and speech in infants with hearing loss after hearing aid fitting and discuss the development of speech with the a‐bility of auditory in infants with different degree of hearing loss and different stage of evaluation after hearing aid fit‐ting .Methods A total of 32 infants (17 boys and 15 girls) with prelingual hearing loss participated in this study . The age at hearing aid fitting ranged from 3 to 34 months with a mean of 15 .6 months .According to their hearing level ,all infants in this study were divided into three groups :group of profound hearing loss(16) ,group of severe hearing loss(11) ,group of moderate hearing loss(5) .CAP and SIR were used to evaluate their abilities of auditory and speech at pre -fitting ,1 ,3 ,6 ,9 and 12 months after hearing aid fitting respectively .A linear and regression a‐nalysis was done in the statistic procedure .Results There was a significant correlation between the scores of CAP and SIR for the three groups respectively .The correlation from low to high followed by the group of profound hear‐ing loss (R=0 .656 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,group of severe hearing loss (R=0 .758 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,group of mod‐erate hearing loss (R=0 .849 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) .There was also a significant correlation between the scores of CAP and SIR for the different evaluating stages respectively .The correlation from low to high followed by pre -fitting (R=0 .559 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,1 month after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .575 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,3 months after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .726 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,6 months after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .823 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) , 9 months after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .838 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,12 months after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .855 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) .Conclusion The development of auditory ability is closely related to speech ability which increases with the improvement of auditory ability .The less the infants have the hearing loss and the longer the infants use the hearing aids ,the higher the auditory ability is related to speech ability in infants after hearing aid fitting .