Metastasis is the main cause of the high mortality of lung cancer. Research is currently underway to understand metastasis at molecular level. Many molecular markers have been shown to participate in metastasis, including thymidylate synthase, angiogenesis lymphangiogenesis-related factors, cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, and metastasis-associated genes. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of metastasis will help improve the early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Objective Based on the liver biopsy samples in the past 10 years, this study aimed to investigate the incidence of fatty liver, the relationship among fatty liver and other underlying liver diseases, the clinical and pathological characteristics and the risk factors of fatty liver. Methods In the total 658 cases of liver biopsy from 1988 to 1997, there were 71 cases of fatty liver, among them 68 cases were nonalcoholic fatty liver. Matched by sex and age, 155 cases of non fatty liver cases were taken as control. All cases had had the tests of liver function, blood lipid profile, blood glucose and hepatitis virus markers. Liver biopsy samples were investigated by pathologists. Results The incidence of fatty liver among all the liver biopsy cases was 10.8%. The patients' ALT, AST, TB and CB levels in fatty liver group were significantly lower than in non fatty liver group ( P

[Objective] To observe the effect of medical ozone on cartilage in the model of osteoarthritis(OA)to explore its therapeutic mechanism.[Method] Forty healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into five groups :A(group normal)、B(group model)、C(group air),D(group O2~O3 35 ?g/ml)and E(group O2~O3 70 ?g/ml)(n=8 in each group).The OA model was duplicated by performed anterior eruciate ligament transection(ACLT)and partial meniscectomy of 1/3 inside.Air was injected into joints of group C,according to concentration different,which O2~O3 35 ?g/ml and O2~O3 70 ?g/ml were respectively injected into joints to D and E group every other day,every time 1～1.5 ml,and after a week injected again.After the model was successfully made,the condylar cartilage of femur was excised after 4 weeks for the observation by transmissive microscope of HE staining.Mankin's index was recorded.At the end of the experiment,douche fluid of the diseased joints were obtained for the measurements of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA).[Result]The OA model in B group founded obviously degenerative changes under microscopy,resulting in mostly blue and green color destaining of Masson staining at superficial cartilage.The activity of SOD in the douche fluid of the diseased joints degraded and the quantity of MDA in the serum in the OA model group increased.The Mankin's index in the group D was significantly higher than that in the group B、 C(P

Objective To investigate the radiation pollution level of radon and ? radiation in air in different type of buildings. Methods 22 different type of rooms were selected and common measuring methods and REM-2 Radon exhalation rate apparatus and FD-125 Rn-Th measuring instrument were used. Results It indicated that the indoor radioactive contamination mostly root in the exhalation of soil and building material, secondly outdoor radon and ? radiation, water and the wall contributed little. Conclusion The results of the present paper have laid a foundation for the further study on the effect of radiation on human health and the protective technique.

The subject of clinical medicine contains abundant humanism educational material.When students start the clinic learning and contact with the patients for the first time,clinical teacher should endeavor to cultivate medical students' humanistic spirit in clinical practice.The paper discussed how to merge humanistic spirit into medical clinic teaching by illustrating the gynecology and obstetrics teaching.

Heart rate is the most common index to directly monitor the level of physical stress by comparing the subject's heart rate with an appropriate "target heart rate" during exercise. However, heart rate only reveals the cardiac rhythm of the complex cardiovascular changes that take place during exercise. It is essential to get the dynamic response of the heart to exercise with various indices instead of only one single measurement. Based on the rest-workload alternating pattern, this paper screens the sensitive indices of exercise load from electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm and waveform, including 4 time domain indices and 4 frequency domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV), 3 indices of waveform similarity and 2 indices of high frequency noise. In conclusion, RR interval (heart rate) is a reliable index for the realtime monitoring of exercise intensity, which has strong linear correlation with load intensity. The ECG waveform similarity and HRV indices are useful for the evaluation of exercise load.
Electrocardiography ; Exercise ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Workload

Background and purpose:Postoperative sore throat (POST) is one of the common complaints of patients after radical thyroidectomy. Tracheal intubation is the main cause of POST. This study compared the effect of intubation with visual endoscopy and general laryngoscope on POST in patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy. Methods:One hundred patients (18-60 years, ASAⅠ-Ⅱ) undergoing elective radical thyroidectomy were randomized into two groups:patients in group A (n=50) were intubated with visual endoscope while patients in group B (n=50) were intubated with general laryngoscope. Endotracheal tube cuffs pressure was maintained at 20mmHg in all patients. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS) were recorded at the time points of 1, 6 and 24 h after extubation. Results:Compared with group B, the incidence of POST in group A was signifcantly reduced (42%vs 64%, P=0.027). The VAS of group A was lower than that of group B (3.05±1.56 vs 4.25±1.30, 3.05±1.56 vs 4.01±1.98, 2.72±1.77 vs 3.31±1.12) (P<0.05). The BCS of group A was higher than that of group B (0.99±0.46 vs 0.69±0.30, 1.95±0.47 vs 1.51±0.58, 2.82±0.87 vs 2.31±0.72) (P<0.05). Conclusion:Using visual endoscopic intubation can reduce the incidence of the POST in patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of TOMY self-ligation appliance technique in the treatment of anterior crossbite and moderate crowding, and to explore its clinical application.Methods:A patient, manifested as anterior crossbite and moderate dentition crowing, diagnosed as Angle class Ⅲ subclass malocclusion, MaoⅡ1+Ⅰ1 malocclusion, high angle,and facial asymmetry, was selected.This patient was treated with TOMY self-ligation appliance technique without tooth extraction.The length and width of the dental arch, the width of the alveolar bone and the width of the basal arch were measured before and after treatment;the lateral radiographs of the patient were taken too.Results:After treatment,the upper and lower dentition arranged in neat rows, reached a neutral occlusal relationship;SNA, SNB and ANB had no obvious changes;the lip inclination of anterior teeth was increased by 10 degrees, and reached the normal value;the upper and lower dental arch width, alveolar bone width, basal bone arch width and dental arch length were lower than before treatment.Conclusion:For the patient with anterior crossbite and moderate dental crowding treated with non-extraction, the TOMY self-ligation technique can be considered to use, by increasing the arch width and length to improve the anterior crossbite and moderate crowding, in order to achieve the effective treatment.

Objective:To study the role of 14-3-3εand Cdc25B in germinal vesicle (GV)-stage arrest of mouse oocytes,and to pay foundation for further study on the molecular mechanism of PKA/Cdc25B/14-3-3εpathway in GV-stage arrest of mouse oocytes.Methods:The eukaryotic expression vectors of pcDNA3.1-ZEO-HA-14-3-3ε, pcDNA3.1-MYC-Cdc25B-WT, pcDNA3.1-MYC-Cdc25B-S321A, and pcDNA3.1-MYC-Cdc25B-S321D were transcribed into mRNA invitro.The mouse GV-stage oocytes were collected after superovulation and divided into no injection group,TE buffer microinjection group,14-3-3εmRNA injection group,14-3-3εmRNAs + Cdc25B-WT mRNA injection group,and 14-3-3εmRNA + Cdc25B-S321A mRNA injection group,14-3-3εmRNA+Cdc25B-S321D mRNA injection group.The protein expression levels of HA-14-3-3εand MYC-Cdc25B and the phosphorylation status of Cdc2-pTyr15 were observed by Western blotting method.The morphological changes and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVDB)rates of mouse oocytes were observed under phase-contrast microscope. Results:None of the oocytes in no injection group, TE buffer microinjection group, 14-3-3εmRNA injection group,14-3-3εmRNA + Cdc25B-WT mRNAs injection group and 14-3-3εmRNA + Cdc25B-S321D mRNA were able to undergo GVBD until at least 20 h after injection (P>0.05 );the GVBD rates of oocytes in 14-3-3εmRNA+Cdc25B-S321A mRNA group at 1 h (5.00%±0.68%),2 h (62.00%±3.56%)and 3 h (100.00%± 0.00%)after injection were significantly higher than those in no injection group and TE buffer injection group (P<0.01);the oocytes in 14-3-3εmRNA+ Cdc25B-Ser321A mRNA group at 20 h (79.00%±2.80%)after injection progressed to MII (P<0.01).Conclusion:14-3-3εcan regulate the transition from GV to GVBD of mouse oocytes by means of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of S321-Cdc25B.

Objective:We aimed to explore the clinical features, computed tomography (CT) findings, treatment, and prognosis of bronchopulmonary carcinoid. Methods:Clinical data of 31 patients with primary carcinoid tumor of the lung were retrospectively re-viewed. The prognostic factors were analyzed via Cox univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Clinical symptoms included coughing or expectoration in 17 of the 31 cases, hemoptysis or blood-stained sputum in 7 cases, and chest pains or shortness of breath in 8 cases. Six cases were asymptomatic. The CT scans showed round or oval nodules with clear boundaries, and enhancement CT scans indicated mild, homogeneous enhancement. Immunohistochemistry results revealed the positive expression rates of synaptophy-sin (Syn), chromogranin A (CgA), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were 90.3%(28/31), 87.1%(27/31), and 90.3%(28/31), respec-tively. Therapy and prognosis results were as follows:28 of the total number of patients underwent surgery, among which 3 underwent postoperative adjuvant therapy, 2 received chemotherapy; and only 1 refused treatment. The 1-year overall survival rates were 100%(18/18) and 92.3%(12/13), whereas the 3-year survival rates were 94.4%(17/18) and 69.2%(9/13) in the typical and atypical carcinoid cases, respectively. Cox univariate analysis results revealed that lymphatic metastasis (P=0.02), tissue types (P=0.017), TNM stage (P=0.005), and therapies (P=0.01) were the prognostic factors. Cox multivariate analysis results showed that lymphatic metastasis (P=0.032) and tissue types (P=0.002) were the independent prognostic factors. Conclusion:Compared with other lung cancers, the bron-chopulmonary lung carcinoid has no special clinical manifestation in clinical and radiographic images. The diagnosis was mainly based on histopathology results. Surgery was the main and effective treatment, whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy showed unsatisfactory results. The overall prognosis was satisfactory. However, the atypical carcinoid was inferior to the typical carcinoid in terms of progno-sis. Pathological typing and lymph node metastasis were significant prognostic factors.