Primary liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors.However, the efficacy of traditional treatments is not satisfactory.RNA interference is a new treatment method, which develops rapidly in recent years.It has been found that RNA interference can exert the anti-tumor effect through inhibiting the growth and proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells, promoting apoptosis, inhibiting the invasion and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cells, inhibiting angiogenesis and overcoming the resistance to chemotherapy.

Objective To observe the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on cerebral oxygen metabolism and postoperative cognitive function during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Fifty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients aged 40-65 years old scheduled for cardiac valve replacement surgery with CPB were randomly assigned into two groups,sevoflurane group (group S) and propofol group (group P),25 in each group.Two groups of patients used the same method of anesthesia induction:midazolam 0.1 mg?kg-1,sufentanil 0.7 μg?kg-1,vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1,and etomidate 0.2 mg?kg-1 were intravenously injected successively,and then tracheal intubation was performed.For maintenance of anesthesia,patients of group S continuously inhaled 3%-4% sevoflurane, and patients of group P were intravenous pumped with propofol 4-6 mg?kg-1?h-1 via vein;midazolam,sufentanil and vecuronium bromide were intermittently injected in both groups.At the time points of pre-bypass (t1), nasopharynx temperature dropping to constant temperature regularly ( t2 ) ,nasopharynx temperature rising to constant temperature regularly ( t3 ) ,1 h after the end of CPB ( t4 ) ,and 6 h after the end of CPB ( t5 ) ,blood from radial artery and right jugular bulb was harvested for blood gas analysis,and mini-mental state examination( MMSE) score were evaluated before and 24 and 48 h after the surgery. Results The jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation( SjvO2 ) in the two groups were both increased during T2 period and then decreased during t3 period, but arteriovenous oxygen content difference ( AVDO2 ) and oxygen extraction rate (O2ER) were both decreased during t2 period and then increased during t3 period.There was no significant difference between the two groups during t2 and t3 period (P>0.05).MMSE scores of the two groups after operation were all less than those before operation,but that was significantly higher in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group 24 h after the surgery ( t=4.34,P<0.05) . Conclusion The two anesthesia methods can meet the need of valve replacement surgery and maintain the cerebral oxygen balance during CPB period, but sevoflurane anesthesia has fewer influences in post-operation mental nerve functional changes.

Objective:To study the role of 14-3-3εand Cdc25B in germinal vesicle (GV)-stage arrest of mouse oocytes,and to pay foundation for further study on the molecular mechanism of PKA/Cdc25B/14-3-3εpathway in GV-stage arrest of mouse oocytes.Methods:The eukaryotic expression vectors of pcDNA3.1-ZEO-HA-14-3-3ε, pcDNA3.1-MYC-Cdc25B-WT, pcDNA3.1-MYC-Cdc25B-S321A, and pcDNA3.1-MYC-Cdc25B-S321D were transcribed into mRNA invitro.The mouse GV-stage oocytes were collected after superovulation and divided into no injection group,TE buffer microinjection group,14-3-3εmRNA injection group,14-3-3εmRNAs + Cdc25B-WT mRNA injection group,and 14-3-3εmRNA + Cdc25B-S321A mRNA injection group,14-3-3εmRNA+Cdc25B-S321D mRNA injection group.The protein expression levels of HA-14-3-3εand MYC-Cdc25B and the phosphorylation status of Cdc2-pTyr15 were observed by Western blotting method.The morphological changes and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVDB)rates of mouse oocytes were observed under phase-contrast microscope. Results:None of the oocytes in no injection group, TE buffer microinjection group, 14-3-3εmRNA injection group,14-3-3εmRNA + Cdc25B-WT mRNAs injection group and 14-3-3εmRNA + Cdc25B-S321D mRNA were able to undergo GVBD until at least 20 h after injection (P>0.05 );the GVBD rates of oocytes in 14-3-3εmRNA+Cdc25B-S321A mRNA group at 1 h (5.00%±0.68%),2 h (62.00%±3.56%)and 3 h (100.00%± 0.00%)after injection were significantly higher than those in no injection group and TE buffer injection group (P<0.01);the oocytes in 14-3-3εmRNA+ Cdc25B-Ser321A mRNA group at 20 h (79.00%±2.80%)after injection progressed to MII (P<0.01).Conclusion:14-3-3εcan regulate the transition from GV to GVBD of mouse oocytes by means of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of S321-Cdc25B.

Objective to probe into whether head-simulator teaching can enhance tooth cavity preparation compared with traditional preclinical teaching program.Method Questionnaires were conducted among the Grade 2002 students who had been trained by head-simulator teaching and were practicing in oral cavity section of our school.Result Majority of students think it's a good method and they have got better results than those trained in traditional experiment teaching.Conclusion The head-simulator teaching has improved the teaching quality of tooth cavity preparation but there exist some disadvantages which need further improvement and extension.

Objcetive To investigate the protective effects of the nitroxides R-1 on human liver cells exposed to ionizing radiation.Methods Human liver cells L-02 were cultured and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at the doses of 0,1,2,4,and 8 Gy,in order to screen the proper irradiation dose.WR2721 at the terminal concentration of 4 mmol/L was used as positive control.L-02 cells irradiated with 4 Gy were added with R-1 at the terminal concentration of 0.25 μmol/L at 30 min before irradiation or immediately after irradiation.MIT method was used to screen the proper conditions for follow-up experiment 72 h later.L-02 cell culture fluid was added with R-1 at the concentrations of 0,0.125,0.25,0.5,and 1 μmol/L,respectively for 30 min before irradiation at the doses of 0,1,2,4,and 8 Gy to ealculate clone formation rate at 10 d post-irradiation.L-02 cells were cultured and divided into 4 groups:control group without any treatment.drug group pretreated by 0.25 μmol/L R-1 only,irradiation group,irradiated at 4 Gy only,and drug + irradiation group with combination of 0.25 μmol/L R-01 and 4 Gy irradiation.The inverted microscopy and Hoechst 33258 staining and flow eytometry were used to observe the apoptosis of the cells at 24,48,and 72 h later.Results Nitroxides R-1 did not inhibit the viability of L-02 cell when its concentration was less than 1 μmol/L and it inhibited the L-02 cell growth when the concentration wu higher than 2 μmoL/L.The A value and colony formation rate of different concentration of R-1 groups were all higher than those of the irradiation group,and the effect of the 0.25 μmol/L drug concentration group was the most significant.Consequently,the concentration 0.25 μmoL/L was selected for follow-up experiment.Compared with the irradiation group,the L-02 cells of the pretreatment group showed solid adherence, increased refraction,clear outline,less apoptotic and dead cells at 4 Gy post-irradiation.Conclusions Nitroxides R-1 can protect the human liver cells from 60Coγ-ray induced injury effectively.The mechanism of its protective effect may be the reduction of apoptosis.

BACKGROUND:At present, there are stil differences in the studies of total-etch, self-etch and self-bonding resin cement effect on the coronal microleakage and bonding strength of fiber posts.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the coronal microleakage and the bonding strength of fiber posts treated with three kinds of resin cements.
METHODS:Total y 32 upper incisors were randomly divided into five groups, including three experimental groups and two control groups. After the root canal preparation, three kinds of resin cements (EMBRACE WetBond, LuxaCore, Medental Multi-cure) were used to fiber posts with the bond diameter of 1.4 mm. Stereomicroscope was used to observe the microleakage. Then, the specimens were cut into 2 mm wafer along the axis of tooth, and universal testing machine for push-out test was used to observe the failure mode. In the positive control group, no root canal preparation was done, the root was coated with nail polish, and the crown was directly exposed to the dye. In the negative control group, no root canal preparation was done, the root canal orifice was covered with the resin, the tooth was overal coated with nail polish and then embedded 1 mm below the section.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The microleakage was observed in al the three resin cements, Medental Multi-cure showed the least microleakage and LuxaCore showed the largest microleakage, and there was significantly different among the three kinds of resin cements (P<0.05). The bonding strength of three cements had significant differences (P<0.05), and ranked from high to low:Mdental Multi-cure, LuxaCore, and EMBRACE WetBond. The main fracture modes were binder/fiber post fracture and mixed failure. The results suggest that the total-etch resin cement binds tightly with the dentin, and owns a superiority in the microleakage and bonding property as compared with the self-etch resin cements and self-bonding resin cements.

BACKGROUND:Choosing internal fixator implants with good strength and stiffness is the key to repair femoral neck combined with ipsilateral subtrochanteric fractures. OBJECTIVE:To compare the biomechanical properties of different implant fixation for femoral neck combined with ipsilateral subtrochanteric fractures. METHODS:Totaly 24 adult antiseptic cadaver specimens were used to produce fracture models with femoral neck fracture combined with 5 cm of ipsilateral subtrochanteri medical cortical defect, and were divided into femoral proximal locking plate group, lengthening proximal femur anti-rotation intramedulary nail group and lengthening proximal femoral nail group according to the random number table method. The results of axial compression test, torsion test and axial compression failure rest in three groups were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The axial compressive stiffness and failure load in lengthening proximal femur anti-rotation intramedulary nail group were significantly greater than those in femoral proximal locking plate group and lengthening proximal femoral nail group, and those in lengthening proximal femoral nail group were significantly greater than those in femoral proximal locking plate group (P < 0.05). The torsional stiffness in femoral proximal locking plate group was significantly greater than that in lengthening proximal femur anti-rotation intramedulary nail group and lengthening proximal femoral nail group, and that in lengthening proximal femur anti-rotation intramedulary nail group was significantly greater than that in lengthening proximal femoral nail group (P < 0.05). The indexes of biomechanical properties of specimens at the 4thand 8th weeks after fixation in three groups were slightly increased compared with those in 0 week after surgery, but the difference was no statisticaly significant (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that to a certain extent, compared with the femoral proximal locking plate and lengthening lengthening proximal femoral nail, lengthening proximal femur anti-rotation intramedulary nail fixation for repair of femoral neck combined with ipsilateral subtrochanteric fractures has more biomechanical advantages.

Background and purpose: Gene chip is a nucleic acid sequence analysis method which is based on hybridization. It is a high-through put assay which can widely detect the level of gene expression in different tissues and cell types. This study aimed to compare and bioinformatically analyze differentially expressed genes between higher malignant degree of prostate cancer tissues and prostate inflammation tissues. Methods: The total RNAs were isolated from tissues of prostate cancer and prostate inflammation by TRIzol method and then purified, reversely tran-scribed to cDNA with incorporating biotin labeling probe, hybridized with Affymetrix Human U133 Plus 2.0 (covering 47000 transcripts,representing 38500 distinct genes). Picture signals of fluorescence in gene array were scanned and differential expression of gene in two tissues were compared by Command Console Software 4.0. These differential expressed genes were analyzed by bioinformatics methods finally. Results: According to the fold change ≥2, P<0.05, 1819 differential expression genes including 1025 up-regulated genes and 794 down-regulated genes were discovered. GO enrichment analysis displayed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in cell cycle, cell metabolism, etc. KEGG pathway analysis found that these genes were mainly involved in some metabolism pathways including purine nucleotide metabolism. The interactions between the proteins encoded by these genes were analyzed by STING. Twenty key nodes genes including TPX2, ANLN, NUSAP1, MELK, DLGAP5, KIF11, TOP2A, RRM2 were dis-covered. Then this study revealed CEP55 and ANLN might be related to the occurrence and metastasis of prostate cancer by looking through literature. Conclusion: During the development of prostate cancer, the activation of genes related to cell cycle and cell migration, the abnormalities of genes related to metabolism and the inhibition of genes related to cell adhesion play critical roles in the development of prostate cancer. CEP55 and ANLN were related to the occurrence and prognosis of prostate cancer by systematic analysis which provided a valuable clue for the next experiment.

Currently,the toxicity study of traditional Chinese medicine is faced with the following problems. Firstly,the evaluation in vitro cannot fully reflect the true state of the body. Secondly,the traditional method is not sensitive enough to the early toxicity. Lastly,the toxicity evaluation indexes cannot determine whether the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine produces toxicity or increases toxicity systematically. The paper proposed a synthesized early evaluation research method for target organ toxicity induced by traditional Chinese medicine:screening,validation,optimization and application. This method mainly inoolves early target organ toxicity biomarkers in screening,optimi?zation,validation,biological significance explanation,and application to the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility based on the metabolic dynamic fingerprint spectrum in order to obtain biomarkers of target organ toxicity that are sensitive and precede conventional biochemical indices for early evaluation . We attempted to analyze the pattern of chang of the biomarkers for animals acted by″18 incompatible medicaments″compatibility combination. We found that Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata with cardiotoxicity were compatible with Rhizoma Pinelliae,and that Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,Fritillaria,Ampelopsis Radix and Bletilla striata without non-cardiotoxicity produced and increased cardiotoxicity systematically.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogens causing intravenous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) so as to use antibiotics reasonably.Methods All patients with CRBSIs in PICU of Guangdong General Hospital from September 2009 to September 2014 were investigated and the drug resistance profiles of pathogens causing CRBSIs were also analyzed retrospectively.Results Between 2009 and 2014,there were totally 10 834 catheter days and 23 episodes of CRBSIs with an incidence of 2.1 infections per 1 000 catheter days.Catheter indwell time ＜ 7 days in 9 cases (39.1％),8 to 14 days in 10 cases (43.5％),14 to 21 days in 4 cases (17.4％).There were 13 strains (56.6％) of gram-positive bacteria,5 strains (21.7％) of gram-negative bacteria and 5 strains (21.7％) of fungi.The main pathogens causing CRBSIs were coagulase negative Staphylococci (7 strains,30.4％),Staphylococcus aureus (3 strains,13.0％),Candida albicans(3 strains,13.0％),Candida parapsilosis(2 strains,8.7％),and Enterobacter cloacae (2 strains,8.7 ％).The susceptibility to Vancomycin,Linezolid and Teicoplanin of coagulase negative Staphylococ cus such as S.epidermidis and to Imipenem,Piperacillin/Tazobactam,Cefoperazone/ Sulbactam and Amikacin of gram-positive bacteria arrived at 100.0％,respectively.The candida were 100％ susceptible to Amphotericin B,5-Flucytosine,Fluconazole and Voriconazole.Twenty-one cases (91.3％) received antibiotic treatment versus no antibiotic in 2 cases (8.7％).The average number of antibiotic kinds administered on the patients with fungal infection was 4.4,bacteria were 1.4.Ten cases (43.5％) treatment with 1 kind of antibiotic,4 cases (17.4％) with 2,4 cases (17.4％) with 3,5 cases (21.7％) with more than 3.Twenty-two cases (95.7％) cured and 1 case died (4.3％).Conclusions The major species of pathogen causing CRBSIs was coagulase negative staphylococci in PICU.It is critical for clinicians to guard against fungal infection because of prolonged catheter indwelling time and more antibiotics administered before indwelling catheter.It is effective way to prevent the CRBSIs by reasonably using antibiotics and shortening the time of catheter indwelling.Monitoring CRBSIs pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug susceptibility helps reasonable administration of antibiotics in the earlier time.