Nowadays the education of medical professional ethics has been obviously weakened.We can see that from some mainly expressions: There are many prejudices about medical ethics and the medical ethics education seems not very effective.But the medical professional ethics education is an important part of medical education,which directly affects the healthy development of medical and hygienic enterprise.And we must correct it,enhance it.We should inherit the good quarters of traditional medical ethics,reestablish the humanism medicine,promote virtue of medical personnel increasing,and establish the professional ethics of medical students before they become doctors.

Objective To study the in-vitro anti-tumor activities of physalin B (PhB) extracted from Physalis angulata L.. Methods Th e effect of PhB on the cell proliferation and the morphology changes of tumor cell strains HepG2 and SGC7901 was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and by phase contrast microscopy respectively, and the results were compared to positive control anti-cancer drug hydroxycamptothecine (HCTP) . Apoptosis of HepG2 and SGC7901 cells induced by PhB was determined by 4’ , 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole ( DAPI) staining method. Results MTT results showed that the growth of HepG2 and SGC7901 was significantly inhibited by PhB in dose-and time-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effect of high concentration of PhB was better than the positive control medicine HCTP. Phase contrast microscopy results showed that the cellular morphology was improved by PhB, which was accorded with the results showed by MTT assay. DAPI staining results showed that the apoptosis of HepG2 and SGC7901 was enhanced by PhB. Conclusion PhB extracted from Physalis pubescens L. exerts certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 and SGC7901 cells.

Objective To investigate the changes of follicular regulatory T cells ( Tfr cells) and follicular T helper cells ( Tfh cells) in peripheral blood of children with myasthenia gravis ( MG) . Methods We recruited 28 MG patients and 20 healthy subjects in this study. The percentages of Tfh and Tfr cells in peripheral blood samples were measured by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the ex-pression of transcription factors and regulatory factors of Bcl-6, c-MAF, Blimp-1 and PD-1 at mRNA level. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-21 in plasma samples and the titers of Ach-Rab and PsMab. Results Compared with the healthy subjects, the MG patients showed higher percentages of Tfh cells and lower percentages of Tfr cells before receiving treatment. The expression of Bcl-6 and c-MAF on CD4+T lymphocytes cells at transcriptional level were significantly enhanced, while the expression of Blimp-1 on CD4+T cells and the expression of PD-1 on Treg cells at transcriptional level were inhibited in the MG patients in comparison with those in healthy subjects. Moreover, decreased levels of IL-2 and increased levels of IL-21 were found in plasma samples collected from the MG patients. Conclusion The decreased percentages of Tfr cells and increased percentages of Tfh cells in patients with MG resulted in abnormal ratios of Tfr/Tfh cells, which might be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of MG. Several changes in the patients with MG might be responsible for the imbalanced ratio of Tfr/Tfh cells, which included changes of IL-2 and IL-21 in microenvironment, enhanced expression of Bcl-6 and c-MAF at mRNA level and inhibited expression of Blimp-1 at mRNA level on CD4+T cells as well as over-expression of PD-1 at mRNA level on Treg cells.

Objective To explore a new peptide-based approach independent of HLA to generate antigen-specific CD+ CD8+T cells. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) were stimula- ted for 6 h with IE-1 peptide pool. Then the activated IFN-γsecreting ceils were tested by immunomagnetic selection. And the selected cells were cultured with radio-inactivated PBMC in medium with 100 IU/ml IL-2 for 4 weeks. Results The generated T cell lines consisted of IE-1 specific CD4+ T (6.88%) and CD8+ T cells 92.99%, which demonstrated antigen-specific killing and cytokine secretion. Conclusion T ceils can be proliferated with this new procedure, and maintain its phenotype and antigen-specific function.

Objective to probe into whether head-simulator teaching can enhance tooth cavity preparation compared with traditional preclinical teaching program.Method Questionnaires were conducted among the Grade 2002 students who had been trained by head-simulator teaching and were practicing in oral cavity section of our school.Result Majority of students think it's a good method and they have got better results than those trained in traditional experiment teaching.Conclusion The head-simulator teaching has improved the teaching quality of tooth cavity preparation but there exist some disadvantages which need further improvement and extension.

Objective To observe the safety of telbivudine (LdT) application throughout pregnancy in women with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations for women of childbearing age with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who took LdT before pregnancy and in early pregnancy were followed up prospectively for evaluating maternal and newborn adverse events.All newborns received block of HBV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) after birth and were followed up for neonatal disorders and effects of maternal and child block.Results Among the 145 cases of pregnant women,143 were diagnosed as CHB and 2 decompensated cirrhosis.One hundred and five (72.4％) patients had HBV DNA＜500 copy/mL and 125 (86.0％) had positive hepatitis B e antigen.There were total 154 times pregnancies including 17 spontaneous abortions,4 ectopic gestation and 9 pregnancies after abortion.One hundred and one cases finished pregnancy,with 100 full term deliveries,1 preterm delivery and 2 twin pregnancies.One fetal with cleft lip and palate was aborted by induced labor in 24 weeks gestation.One baby was born with right double ears; one had benign lymph node under the left ear; and another one was diagnosed with congenital heart disease.Seven of the pregnant women had creatine kinase increased.Eight developed drug resistance.However,none had disease progression during pregnancy.None of the 63 infants was hepatitis B surface antigen positive over the 6 months of follow-up.The prevention of HBV MTCT was 100％ successful.Conclusion It is safe and effective for women with chronic HBV infection to receive LdT treatment throughout pregnancy.

Objective To explore the clinical features of psoriasis vulgaris in patients with abnormal body mass index (BMI). Methods Three hundreds and ninety-seven patients with psoriasis vulgaris were investigated by questionnaire and physical examination, among them 245 patients at the progressive stage were selected for evaluating the degree of severity. The following items were compared between BMI≥25 group and BMI0.05). In the male patients, the average age in BMI≥25 group was higher than in BMI0.05). For the female patients, the subjects in BMI≥25 group had higher mean age and initial onset age, and longer diseace course than those in BMI0.05). Conclusion The psoriasis vulgaris patients with abnormal BMI always have higher average age and initial onset age, longer clinical history and severer symptoms, especially in the females.

Objective To explore the effective method for preserving laryngeal function in the treatment of laryngeal cancer of T3 lesions. Methods Utilizing unilateral pedicled muscle-periosteal flap, 32 cases with laryngeal carcinoma of T3 lesions underwent extended vertical partial laryngectomy for laryngeal cavity structure after one-stage reconstruction. Results With 1-3 years postoperative follow-up, the patients had good pronunciation, unobstructed respiration and no tumor recurrence, with extubation rate of 100%. Conclusion It showed that treating patients with laryngeal carcinoma of T3 lesions with extended vertical partial laryngectomy using unilateral pedicled muscle-periosteal flap reconstruction for laryngeal cavity structure can remove tumor effectively and obtain the satisfactory respiratory pronunciation function. The method has a good clinical application prospect.

Objective To indentify the relationship between hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) and postoperative recurrence of HBV in HBcAb positive liver donors by detecting HBV cccDNA in liver from HBcAb positive liver donors.Method Eighty-five of 1200 patients underwent liver transplantation for hepatitis B-related end-stage liver disease in our hospital from January 2007 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the situation of HBV infection in donor liver,the recipients were divided into 3 groups:(1) the experimental group (livers positive for HBcAb,and negative for HBsAg,n =40),(2) control group (livers positive for HBsAg,n =15),and (3) normal group (donor livers without HBV infection,n =30).HBV cccDNA of donors was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Serum HBV and HBV DNA were regularly tested,and biopsy was done in those positive for HBsAg or HBV DNA to confirm HBV recurrence.The relationship between HBV cccDNA and postoperative recurrence of HBV in HBcAb positive liver donors was analyzed.Result The positive rate of cccDNA was 30％ in experimental group (12、40),73.3％ in control group (11/50),and 0 (normal group).The rate of HBV recurrence in experimental,control and normal groups was 10％ (4/40),80％ (12/15) and 3.3％ (1/30) respectively.The rate of HBV recurrence in the experimental group of cccDNA (+) and cccDNA (-) was 7.5％ (3/40),and 2.5％ (1/40).Conclusion The cccDNA in HBcAb positive donors may be one of the risk factors in HBV recurrence of hepatitis B-related liver transplantation patients.The screening of HBV cccDNA in the donor livers positive for HBcAb before liver transplantation is recommended to reduce the positive HBV recurrence and expand the pool of liver donors for patients with HBV-related liver disease.

Objective: To discuss the potential toxic target organ and the toxic effects and mechanisms of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) on SD rats. Methods: 40 female SD rats weaning from milk for 21 days, weighted (50±2.3)g were selected as subjects and marked by the weight. They were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely control group, 50 (L), 100 (M) and 250 (H) mg·kg^-1·d^-1 dose of TCEP group. Each group has 10 rats, and administrated the corresponding dose of drug or vehicle by mouth, quaque die for 60 days. All rats were sacrificed after the last administration. The livers and kidneys were dyed by HE for pathological observation; and the blood samples were collected to analyze the biochemical index. H¹-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H-NMR)-based metabolomics methods coupling with histopathogy examination were used to investigate the toxic effects of TCEP. Results: Inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatic necrosis were observed in the liver of TCEP-treated rats. Inflammatory cells invaded and calcification/ossification foci were also found in renal of TCEP-treated rats and tumor hyperplasia were existed in renal tubule in H group. The level of HDL-C in the L, M and H group were separately (1.7±0.09) , (1.5±0.07) and (1.3±0.1) µmol/L, which were all significantly lower than that of control group ( (1.9±0.2) µmol/L) (P<0.05) . The activity of cholinesterase (CHE) in the L, M and H group were separately (918±14.8) , (828±28.6) and (674±36.5) U/L, which were all significantly lower than that of control group ((1056±28.8) µmol/L) (P<0.05). Moreover, The level of creatinine (CRE) in the L, M and H group were separately (29.8±4.6) , (28.9±5.3) and (25.8±6.2) µmol/L, which were all significantly lower than that of control group ((30.2±3.9) µmol/L) (P<0.05). In the H group, the enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the contents of total bilirubin (TBIL), glucose (GLU) and uric acid (UA) were all significantly higher than the results in control group. The results of ¹H-NMR metabolomics showed that the contents of lactate, glycine, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and phosphatidylcholine in blood of rats would decrease by TCEP exposure, while N-acetylglycoprotein, acetate, alanine, glucose, lipids, lipoproteins and fatty acids would increase. Conclusion TCEP caused disorders in endogenous energy metabolism, leading to the pathological changes of inflammatory cells infiltration and necrosis in liver and kidney, caused enzyme activity changes of ALT, ALP and the content changes of other liver and kidney injury-related markers.