OBJECTIVE To screen the primary processing methods of Ligusticum sinense slice based on differential metabolites， and provide theoretical basis for the scientific processing of L. sinense. METHODS Using 13 groups of L. sinense slice processed by fresh-cutting or traditional methods as samples， UHPLC-QE-MS was employed for metabolite identification. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to screen differential metabolites among the 13 sample groups， analyzing the effects of washing， soaking， drying methods， and drying cycles on both the relative expressions of differential metabolites and the contents of carboxylic acids and their derivatives in the samples （to reflect the total amino acid content）. RESULTS Principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis both showed significant intergroup differences among the 13 sample groups. A total of 688 differential metabolites were screened from the 13 sample groups， with carboxylic acids and their derivatives showing the highest proportion. The relative expression levels of phosphatidylcholine significantly increased after washing treatment， while tryptophan expression significantly decreased after soaking treatment. Samples dried at 50-60 ℃ showed significantly increased expression of psoralen， whereas those dried at 40 ℃ showed significantly decreased expression of methyl -p- methoxycinnamate. Both washing and soaking treatments significantly reduced the total amino acid content in samples， while secondary drying significantly increased it. The three controlled-temperature drying methods maintained relatively stable total content of amino acids in samples. CONCLUSIONS The optimal processing protocol for L. sinense slice is as follows: fresh L. sinense slice should be freshly cut at the production site， undergo quick washing after soil removal， and be dried twice at 40 ℃ （before and after slicing）.

OBJECTIVE To improve the quality standard of Zhuang medicine Yingbupu （Aralia armata）. METHODS A total of 23 batches of Yingbupu （A. armata） were studied. Their macroscopic characteristics and powder microscopic features were observed. TLC was employed for the qualitative identification of oleanolic acid and araloside A. Items such as water content， total ash， acid-insoluble ash， and ethanol-soluble extract were determined according to the methods specified in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ）. UPLC fingerprint was established for 23 batches of samples by using Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）， and the contents of oleanolic acid and araloside A were determined. RESULTS The powder microscopic characteristics of the medicinal material were distinctive. Oleanolic acid and araloside A were detected by TLC in all 23 batches. Among the 23 batches of samples， the content ranges of moisture， total ash， acid-insoluble ash， and ethanol-soluble extract were 6.9% to 10.4%， 1.8% to 6.8%， 0.1% to 1.9%， and 2.8% to 8.4%， respectively. Based on the UPLC fingerprint， a total of 15 common peaks were obtained， and 9 of these common peaks were identified. The content ranges of oleanolic acid and araloside A in the 23 batches of samples were 0.86% to 2.69% and 0.16% to 1.10%， respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study has added items such as moisture and total ash content fingerprint， TLC identification. A preliminary quality standard has been established for the medicinal material of Yingbupu （A. armata）， stipulating that the moisture content should not exceed 11.0%， the total ash content should not exceed 5.0%， the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 2.5%， the ethanol-soluble extract（No. content should not be less than 4.0%， and the contents of zyyzdxk-2023165） oleanolic acid and araloside A should not be less than 1.00% and 0.45%（ calculated by a dried basis）， respectively.

Numerous c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (c-MET) inhibitors have been reported as potential anticancer agents. However, most fail to enter clinical trials owing to poor efficacy or drug resistance. To date, the scaffold-based chemical space of small-molecule c-MET inhibitors has not been analyzed. In this study, we constructed the largest c-MET dataset, which included 2,278 molecules with different structures, by inhibiting the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of kinase activity. No significant differences in drug-like properties were observed between active molecules (1,228) and inactive molecules (1,050), including chemical space coverage, physicochemical properties, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles. The higher chemical diversity of the active molecules was downscaled using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) high-dimensional data. Further clustering and chemical space networks (CSNs) analyses revealed commonly used scaffolds for c-MET inhibitors, such as M5, M7, and M8. Activity cliffs and structural alerts were used to reveal "dead ends" and "safe bets" for c-MET, as well as dominant structural fragments consisting of pyridazinones, triazoles, and pyrazines. Finally, the decision tree model precisely indicated the key structural features required to constitute active c-MET inhibitor molecules, including at least three aromatic heterocycles, five aromatic nitrogen atoms, and eight nitrogen-oxygen atoms. Overall, our analyses revealed potential structure-activity relationship (SAR) patterns for c-MET inhibitors, which can inform the screening of new compounds and guide future optimization efforts.

Objective:To investigate the current status of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in China, and to provide supporting data and reference for the development of endoscopic treatment.Methods:In this study, initiated by the Liver Health Consortium in China (CHESS), a questionnaire was designed and distributed online to investigate the basic condition of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in 2022 in China. Questions included annual number and indication of endoscopic procedures, adherence to guideline for preventing esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB), management and timing of emergent EGVB, management of gastric and isolated varices, and improvement of endoscopic treatment. Proportions of hospitals concerning therapeutic choices to all participant hospitals were calculated. Guideline adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals were compared by using Chi-square test.Results:A total of 836 hospitals from 31 provinces (anotomous regions and municipalities) participated in the survey. According to the survey, the control of acute EGVB (49.3%, 412/836) and the prevention of recurrent bleeding (38.3%, 320/836) were major indications of endoscopic treatment. For primary [non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) or endoscopic therapies] and secondary prophylaxis (NSBB and endoscopic therapies) of EGVB, adherence to domestic guideline was 72.5% (606/836) and 39.2% (328/836), respectively. There were significant differences in the adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals in primary prophylaxis of EGVB [71.0% (495/697) VS 79.9% (111/139), χ2=4.11, P=0.033] and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB [41.6% (290/697) VS 27.3% (38/139), χ2=9.31, P=0.002]. A total of 78.2% (654/836) hospitals preferred endoscopic therapies treating acute EGVB, and endoscopic therapy was more likely to be the first choice for treating acute EGVB in tertiary hospitals (82.6%, 576/697) than secondary hospitals [56.1% (78/139), χ2=46.33, P<0.001]. The optimal timing was usually within 12 hours (48.5%, 317/654) and 12-24 hours (36.9%, 241/654) after the bleeding. Regarding the management of gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices type 1, most hospitals used cyanoacrylate injection in combination with sclerotherapy [48.2% (403/836) and 29.9% (250/836), respectively], but substantial proportions of hospitals preferred clip-assisted therapies [12.4% (104/836) and 26.4% (221/836), respectively]. Improving the skills of endoscopic doctors (84.2%, 704/836), and enhancing the precision of pre-procedure evaluation and quality of multidisciplinary team (78.9%, 660/836) were considered urgent needs in the development of endoscopic treatment. Conclusion:A variety of endoscopic treatments for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension are implemented nationwide. Participant hospitals are active to perform emergent endoscopy for acute EGVB, but are inadequate in following recommendations regarding primary and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB. Moreover, the selection of endoscopic procedures for gastric varices differs greatly among hospitals.

Abstract Airborne microorganisms, especially pathogenic microorganisms, are easily transmitted through dust and droplets, leading to various infectious diseases. The study summarizes the status of airborne microbial pollution, potential exposure levels, particle size, and species distribution of microorganisms, discusses the impact of airborne microorganisms on human health, and analyzes specific factors affecting campus air microorganisms from four aspects:climate, anthropogenic factors, time, and space, to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective improvement measures, improving air quality and safeguarding the health of teachers and students.

Objective:To compare the perioperative conditions of open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD), laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and LPD conversion OPD, and analyze the short-term prognosis and risk factors for LPD conversion OPD.Methods:The clinical data of 167 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in the Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from February 2020 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 167 patients, 63 patients underwent OPD surgery (OPD group), 91 patients underwent LPD surgery (LPD group), and 13 patients were converted to OPD during LPD surgery (LPD conversion OPD group). The measurement data with non-normal distribution were expressed as median (interquartile range) [ M( Q1, Q3)], and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The count data were expressed as the number of cases and percentage, and the Chi-square test was used for ordered categorical variable, Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for un-ordered categorical variable. The risk factors of LPD conversion OPD were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results:The intraoperative blood loss [600(350, 1 000) mL], bilio-intestinal drainage stay time [10(8, 15) d] and bilio-intestinal drainage volume [995(505, 1 502) mL] in the LPD conversion OPD group were significantly higher than those in the LPD group [200(100, 300) mL, 7(6, 6) 10) d, 450(175, 874) mL], the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The operation time of the LPD conversion OPD group [335(293, 385) d] was significantly longer than that of the OPD group [230 (195, 290)d], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative complications of chronic pancreatitis ( OR=19.714) and maximum diameter of the lesion ( OR=5.583) has a significant impact on the LPD conversion OPD ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Patients who plan to undergo PD should prefer LPD if the technology and physical condition permit. Preoperative complication of chronic pancreatitis, maximum diameter of lesion > 3.5 cm are the risk factors for LPD conversion OPD, which may significantly increase intraoperative blood loss, prolong the indwelling time of biliary drainage tube, and increase the drainage volume of biliary drainage tube. Therefore, the surgical method should be carefully selected.

The seat of human intelligence is the human cerebral cortex, which is responsible for our exceptional cognitive abilities. Identifying principles that lead to the development of the large-sized human cerebral cortex will shed light on what makes the human brain and species so special. The remarkable increase in the number of human cortical pyramidal neurons and the size of the human cerebral cortex is mainly because human cortical radial glial cells, primary neural stem cells in the cortex, generate cortical pyramidal neurons for more than 130 days, whereas the same process takes only about 7 days in mice. The molecular mechanisms underlying this difference are largely unknown. Here, we found that bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) is expressed by increasing the number of cortical radial glial cells during mammalian evolution (mouse, ferret, monkey, and human). BMP7 expression in cortical radial glial cells promotes neurogenesis, inhibits gliogenesis, and thereby increases the length of the neurogenic period, whereas Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling promotes cortical gliogenesis. We demonstrate that BMP7 signaling and SHH signaling mutually inhibit each other through regulation of GLI3 repressor formation. We propose that BMP7 drives the evolutionary expansion of the mammalian cortex by increasing the length of the neurogenic period.
Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Ependymoglial Cells/metabolism* ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism* ; Ferrets/metabolism* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Neurogenesis ; Mammals/metabolism* ; Neuroglia/metabolism* ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7/metabolism*

Objective To explore the value of combined detection of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2),neuron specific enolase(NSE)and S-100 calcium binding protein β(S-100β)in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of acute cerebral infarction(ACI)in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning(CMP).Methods A total of 102 patients with CMP complicated with ACI admitted to the hospital from Jan-uary 2020 to November 2021 were selected as the study group,meanwhile,102 patients with simple CMP were enrolled as the control group.Patients in the study group were followed up for 6 months after discharge,ac-cording to the follow-up results,they were grouped into good prognosis group(60 cases)and poor prognosis group(42 cases).The serum levels of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the value of the combination of serum Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of patients with CMP and ACI.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in the study group were obviously higher(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined detection of serum Lp-PLA2、NSE、S-100β for the diagnosis of CMP complicat-ed with ACI was greater than the AUC of single detection of each indicator(P<0.001).Compared with the good prognosis group,the levels of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in the poor prognosis group were obviously higher(P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the combined detection of ser-um Lp-PLA2、NSE、S-100β for the prognosis of patients with CMP complicated with ACI was greater than the AUC of single detection of each indicator(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in serum of patients with CMP complicated with ACI is high,and the combined detection of the three has certain value in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation for patients with CMP complicated with ACI.

Background::The Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) risk score was developed in 2013 to predict survival in heart failure (HF) patients. However, it has yet to be validated in a Chinese population. Our study aimed to investigate the ability of the score to predict 1-year mortality in a Chinese population.Methods::Consecutive patients with HF were retrospectively selected from the inpatient electronic medical records of the cardiology department in a regional hospital in China. A total integer score was calculated for each enrolled patient based on the value of each risk factor in the MAGGIC scoring system. Each enrolled patient was followed for at least 1 year. The observational endpoint of this study was all-cause mortality. The predictive ability of the MAGGIC score was assessed by comparing observed and predicted mortality within 1 year.Results::Between January 2018 and December 2020, a total of 635 patients were included in the study: 57 (9.0%) of whom died within 1 year after discharge. The average age of all patients was 74.6 ± 11.2 years, 264 of them (41.6%) were male, and the average left ventricular ejection fraction was 50.7% ± 13.2%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.840 (95% confidence interval: 0.779, 0.901), which indicated a fair discriminatory ability of the score. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test result ( χ2 = 12.902, degree of freedom = 8, P = 0.115) indicated that the MAGGIC score had good calibration. The decision curve analysis showed that the MAGGIC score yielded a good clinical net benefit and net reduction in interventions. Conclusions::This validation of the MAGGIC score showed that it has a good ability to predict 1-year mortality in Chinese patients with HF after discharge. Due to regional and inter-hospital differences, external validation studies need to be further confirmed in other centers.

To evaluate right atrial ( RA ) structure and function of different left ventricular geometry in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( OSAS ) by real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography ( RT‐3DE) . Methods One hundred and ninety‐nine patients with habitual snoring were diagnosed as OSAS by polysomnography with apnea hypopnea index ≥ 5/h . Fifty gender ,age matching healthy people were selected as control group . Blood pressure and general clinical characteristics were collected and echocardiography was performed next morning . On the basis of left ventricular mass index , relative wall thickness ,left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter ,patients were divided into 6 groups :normal geometry ( NG) ,concentric remodeling ( CR) ,eccentric non dilated hypertrophy ( ND‐EH ) ,concentric non dilated hypertrophy ( ND‐CH ) ,eccentric dilated hypertrophy ( D‐EH ) ,and concentric dilated hypertrophy ( D‐CH) .Full volume images at apical four‐chamber view were collected . Right atrial volume‐time curve , RA maximum volume ( RAVmax ) , RA minimum volume ( RAVmin ) , RA pre‐contraction volume ( RAVpre‐a) were analyzed with QLab workstation . Following parameters including RA total emptying volume ( RA TotEV ) , RA total emptying fraction ( RA TotEF ) , RA passive emptying volume ( RA PassEV ) ,RA passive emptying fraction ( RA PassEF) ,RA active emptying volume ( RA ActEV ) ,RA active emptying fraction ( RA ActEF) were calculated . All structural parameters were corrected by BSA . Results①RA structural parameters :compared with control and NG groups ,RAVmax ,RAVmin ,RAVmin/BSA , RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in ND‐EH ,ND‐CH and D‐( CH+ EH) groups ( P ＜0 .05) . Compared with control ,NG and CR groups ,RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in ND‐EH ,ND‐CH and D‐( CH + EH ) groups , RAVmax , RAVmax/BSA , RAVmin , RAVmin/BSA , RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+EH ) groups( P ＜0 .05) . Compared with control , NG ,CR and ND‐EH groups ,RAVmax ,RAVmax/BSA ,RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in ND‐CH ,D‐( CH+EH) groups ,RAVmin and RAVmin/BSA were increased in D‐( CH+ EH ) group ( P ＜0 .05) . Compared with control ,NG ,CR ,ND‐EH and ND‐CH groups ,RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in D‐( CH + EH ) group ( P ＜ 0 .05 ) . ② RA reservoir function parameters :compared with control ,NG and CR groups ,RA TotEV was increased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+ EH ) groups ( P ＜0 .05 ) . Compared with control ,NG ,CR and ND‐EH groups ,RA TotEV was increased in D‐( CH + EH ) group ( P＜0 .05) . ③ RA conduit function parameters :compared with control ,NG and CR groups ,RA PassEF was decreased in ND‐EH ,ND‐CH and D‐( CH + EH ) groups ,RA PassEV was decreased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+EH) groups( P ＜0 .05) . Compared with control ,NG ,CR and ND‐EH groups ,RA PassEV was decreased in D‐( CH+EH) group ,RA PassEF was decreased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+ EH ) groups ( P ＜0 .05) . ④ RA pump function parameters :compared with control ,NG and CR groups ,RA ActEF were increased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+EH) groups ( P ＜0 .05 ) ; Compared with control ,NG ,CR and ND‐EH groups ,RA ActEV was increased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+EH) groups ( P ＜0 .05) . Conclusions Different left ventricular geometric patterns have different RA structure and function in OSAS ,patients with ND‐CH and D‐( CH + EH ) have worse RA structure and function . T he results of this study suggested that the clinical need to pay attention to the RA structure and function of OSAS patients with dilated LV H .