The changes of the pulmonary ultrastructures of 15 dogs of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)induced with intravenous injections of different doses of oleic acid under different methods of management (nontreated and treated with scopolamine) were observed after the animals were killed 6 hours and 24 hours after injection. The changes were similar on all the specimens except that those of the dogs killed at the earlier interval were less severe. The nontreated dogs and the dogs treated with scopolamine slso showed similar changes, which indicates that scopolamine is useless in treating the RDS produced by oleic acid.Correlating to the accumulation of neutrophils in the capillaries, the authors suggested that the injury induced by oleic acid to the capillary endothelium, besides the chemical toxic action of the drug, was also due to the complement and the toxic oxygen radicals produced by neutrophils.It was found that the hyaline membrane consisted of plasma protein granules in some cases and fibrin in others but no necrosis of the epithelial cells underneath the hyaline membrane was seen. Some authers suggested that the different constituents of the hyaline membrane were resulted from the precipitation of the edema-tous fluid protein on the surface of alveoli, but this suggestion could not be confirmed either by the electron microscopic study of othrs or by ours.There was a large amount of surfactant found in the intraalveolar space and vacuolation was seen, which indicates that no reduction of surfactant occurred in RDS but there was some alteration of its nature resulting in the loss of its activity.

Objective To investigate the clinical implications of early rehabilitative treatment for uncomplete dislocation of shoulder after stroke.Method 420 patients received the anti－ spasticity treatment of upper limb,protecting techniques and sling were also used for all patients.Result The recovery of uncomplete dislocation of shoulder after stroke was satisfying.Conclusion Early rehabilitative treatment was beneficial for the improvement of uncomplete dislocation of shoulder after stroke.

As the second cause of cancer relative deaths,gastric cancer's different biological characteristics lead to obviously different treatment results and prognosis.The mechanism to determine the initiation,lead to obviously different development and the biological characreristics of gastric cancer is doctors' interest.Recently,platelet-de-rived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) become one of hot research fields,its excessive activation and abnormal expression can induce tumor angiogenesis,and promote tumor growth,and can also degrade extracellular matrix,reduce the number of cell adhesion molecular.Through these,PDGFR-β was directly or indirectly involved in tumor invasion and metastasis.PDZK1 can bind with PDGFR-β specifically and futher affect the downstream of PDGFR-β signaling pathway (Ras-MAPK signaling pathway,the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,PLC signaling pathway),and then affect cell proliferation,differentiation and migration.

Nealy 80% cerebral palsy infant are accompanied with speech obstacle at different degree, which always lead to intelligent and communication difficulties, much attention should be paid on special training. This arcle will introduce the four main aspects types of speech obstacle, the reason of speech obstable, the examination and evaluation of speech obstacle, and treatment of speech obstacle.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of repetitive nerve stimulation test in myasthenia gravis. Method The repetitive nerve stimulation test was performed at axillary nerves, ulnar nerves and facial nerves in 36 patients with myasthenia gravis which treated in our hospital from 1996. 10 to 1999. 10. 108 nerves were tested. Result The RNS test positivity rate of amplitude decrement in 108 nerves was 60. 2% ( 65 nerves). Among them, the highest(77. 8% )positivity rate was deltoid mucle supported by axillary nerve, the lowest(41.7% ) was abductor digiti minimi mucle supported by ulnar nerve. There were 31 cases(86. 1% ) had one or more than one nerves with positive results in 36 patients. The best stimulation frequancy were 3 ～ 5 Hz. Conclusion Stimulate the axillary nerve, facial nerve and ulnar nerve in the same patient, would improve the RNS positivity rate in diagnosis of MG.

Objective To evaluate the protective effectiveness of MPT64 and ESAT6 DNA vaccines against M. tuberculosis. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 14 groups and subjected to following treatments respectively, i.e. immunized with. ESAT6 (25?g)+MPT64 (25?g)(A), ESAT6(100?g)+IFN-?(100?g) (B), ESAT6 (75?g)+MPT64 (25?g)(C), ESAT6(100?g)+IL-12(100?g) (D), MPT64(100?g)+IL-12(100?g) (E), ESAT6 (25?g)+MPT64 (75?g)(F), MPT64 (100?g)(G), Pvax1 (H),ESAT6 (100?g)(I), ESAT6 (100?g)+MPT64 (100?g)(J), ESAT6 (50?g)+MPT64 (50?g)(K), MPT64(100?g)+IFN-?(100?g)(L), BCG(M ), and saline(N). Then they were infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv via intravenous route. The pathological changes in the lung, liver, and spleen were observed after the infection. Results Eight weeks after the inoculation, there were only alveolar exudation and capillary hyperemia in the lung lesions in the mice of group N. In the mice of group M and J, main pathological changes included tuberculous granulomas consisting of numerous lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelioid cells and Langhans giant cells, and moderate hyperplasia in alveolar walls. The lung lesions of the other groups were similar, and both hyperplasia and exudate were found (A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, K, L). No necrosis was found in all the above groups. There were hyperemia, dense lymphocytes infiltration in the portal area, and tuberculous granuloma in the liver in all the groups. No difference was found among all the groups. The pathological changes in spleen induced hyperplasia and fusion of splenic lymph nodule. The reactions in group M and J were stronger than that of the other groups. Conclusions MPT64 and ESAT6 DNA vaccines from M.tuberculosis could enhance immunity against M. tuberculosis, either they were used in combination with different dosages or with IL-12 or IFN-?. The vaccine used in group J showed the strongest effect in enhancing immunity, almost reaching that of combined use of BCG, IFN-? and IL-12.

Objective To investigate the effect of acute injury caused by surgery on spatial learning and memory and the underlying mechanism. Methods Ninty-eight healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups: (A) control group received neither anesthesia nor surgery ( n = 14); (B) anesthesia group received intraperitoneal fentanyl 0.2 mg?kg-1 and droperidol 5 mg?kg-1 only ( n = 42) and ( C) splenectomy group received splenectomy under fentanyl and droperidol anesthesia ( n = 42) . Y-maze test was performed to assess the ability of spatial learning and memory in group A and on the 1 st, 3 rd and 7 th day after anesthesia or surgery in group B and C. Seven rats were killed immediately after Y-maze test in group A and on the 1 st, 3 rd and 7 th day after anesthesia (in group B) and surgery (in group C) , and hippocampus was immediately removed for determination of the expression of TNF-? and IL-1? mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (Western blot). Results The voltage of electric stimulation was significantly higher in group C on the 1st day after surgery than in group B on the 1st day after anesthesia and in group A. The time spent to learn and remember in Y-maze test was significantly longer in group C on the 3 rd than in group B on the 3 rd day and in group A. The expression of TNF-? mRNA and IL-1? mRNA and protein was significantly higher in group C than in group B on the 1st day and in group A.Conclusion Splenectomy can impair the spatial learning ability for a short time after surgery. The increase in the expression of TNF-? mRNA and IL-1? mRNA and protein in hippocampus may play a role in the mechanism.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of multidisciplinary rehabilitation on prognosis of patients with stroke hemiplegia.Methods100 patients with stroke hemiplegia were divided into the rehabilitation group and control group with 50 cases in each group. The patients of the rehabilitation group were treated not only with routine medication,but also with rehabilitation therapy, which included nerve-muscle promoting technology, functional electric stimulation and Channel Balance-Inducing instrument therapy, and etc, over six mouths. The cases of the control group were treated only with routine medication. The motor function of patients was assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and activities of daily living (ADL) was assessed with Barthel Index (BI) before and after treatment.ResultsThe FMA and BI scores of the patients in the rehabilitation group increased obviously, having a significantly difference with that of the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionThe prognosis of patients with stroke hemiplegia treated with multidisciplinary rehabilitation is superior to that with simple medication.

Objective To investigate the effect of celastrol on space learning capability and expressions of beta-amyloid (Aβ) 40 and Aβ42 in hippocampus in APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mouse after partial hepatolobectomy.Methods The 3-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice (n =96) were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table method.Surgery group (group S, partial hepatolobectomy;n =32), celastrol group (group C, injections of dimethyl sulphoxide/DMSO and celastrol for 3 days before undergoing partial hepatectomy, on the surgery day, and for a further 4 days after surgery;n =32), and DMSO group (group D, injections of DMSO for 3 days before undergoing partial hepatectomy, on the surgery day, and for a further 4 days after surgery;n =32).Eight mice were selected randomly in each group and were Morris-water maze trained for continuous 5 days.Theirs learning and memory abilities were evaluated at 1,3, 7 and 14 d after surgery, respectively.Hippocampus was collected and the changes of β40 and Aβ42 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the time set in advance in each group.Results The average escape latency of group C was significantly shorter than groups S and D at 3, 7 and 14 d after partial hepatectomy (P ＜ 0.05).Times of passing through the platform groups S and D were significantly less than group C (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of Aβ40/Aβ42 in group C were lower than group S and group D at 1, 3, 7 and 14 d after partial hepatectomy (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Through decreasing the expressions of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in hippocampus,celastrol improves the space learning capability in APPswe/PS1dE9, the double transgenic mouse after partial hepatolobectomy.

BACKGROUND:There remains controversy that whether patel ar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty and whether patel ar chondromalacia has influence on clinical outcomes.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate anterior knee pain, clinical function and effects of patel ar chondromalacia on clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty without patel ar resurfacing for degenerative osteoarthritis.
METHODS:Clinical data of 162 patients (162 knees) with degenerative osteoarthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty without patel ar resurfacing from June 2008 to February 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Outerbridge classification was used for patel ar chondromalacia, Visual Analogue Scale for anterior knee pain, and the Knee Society clinical scoring system for clinical function.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The incision of al patients reached stage-I healing. The patel ar chondromalacia:grade I in 18 patients, grade II in 36 patients, grade III in 62 patients, and grade IV in 35 patients. At the final fol ow-up, there were six (4.0%) patients with anterior knee pain, including four cases of mild pain and two cases of moderate pain, no severe pain. The mean Knee Society clinical scoring system scores and patel ar score were obviously elevated. Outerbridge classification did not affect the incidence of anterior knee pain after replacement (χ2=0.42, P=0.94), the Knee Society clinical scoring system score (knee score:F=1.83, P=0.14;functional score:F=0.56, P=0.64) and partel ar score (F=0.78, P=0.51). These data suggested that total knee arthroplasty without patel ar resurfacing for degenerative osteoarthritis can obtain satisfactory clinical outcomes, and the patel ar chondromalacia may not affect the clinical outcomes.