OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation and in vitro dissolution of ethyl pepper solid dispersion. METHODS:Sol-vent-melting method was adopted. Using polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG-6000)as carrier,the effects of different drug-loading ratios (1∶1,1∶5,1∶7,1∶10,1∶15,1∶18,1∶20)on the dissolution of ethyl pepper solid dispersion was invesigated. The stability of crude drug ethyl pepper at 85℃was determined. Furthermore,differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction meth-od were used to identify the existence of ethyl pepper in the solid dispersion. RESULTS:The dissolution of ethyl pepper could be improved by mixing ethyl pepper and PEG-6000 in a ratio of 1∶15,and the preparation was maintained stable at 85 ℃. The drugs part of ethyl pepper-PEG-6000 solid dispersions existed in the form of amorphous or molecular. CONCLUSIONS:The dissolution of ethyl pepper solid dispersion can be improved significantly by mixing ethyl pepper and PEG-6000 (1∶15),and the dispersion keeps stable at 85℃. The study can provide reference for further study of the preparation technology of ethyl pepper preparation.

Objective To investigate the ability of theory of mind use in elders,and determine the role of inhibitory control in the use of theory of mind. Methods The participants included 30 young-old people ,30 oldold people and 30 young people. Their ability of theory of mind use and inhibitory control were examined with The Referential Communication Task and Hayling Sentence Completion Test,respectively. Results The correct rate of referential communication task was significantly lower in old-old people (0.43 ± 0.32) than those of young-old people (0.69 ±0.24, P=0. 001 ) and young people (0. 77 ±0. 25, P＜0. 001 ). Partial correlation analysis showed that the total errors in Hayling Test-B was negatively correlated with the correct rate of Referential Communication Task ( r= -0.442, P＜0.001 ). Hiberarchy regression analysis showed that the total errors in Hayling Test-B entered the equation ( β = -0.451, P＜0. 001 ) and could independently explained 16.8% of the variance (△R2 = 0. 168, △F = 19.359, P ＜ 0.001 ) after controlling for age. Conclusion Old-old people show worse performance in the use of theory of mind. The impairment of inhibitory control can partly explain the decline of theory of mind use in old-old people.

Objective:To investigate an effective paradigm to test false belief understanding for the Autism. Method:By comparing the multimedia animation presentation and the traditional presentation, 20 autistic children's false belief understanding was analyzed as well as the normal children's.Results:Animation presentation was really helpful to both groups, especially for the children with autism. The performance might be underestimated due to the application of the traditional presentation in false belief tasks.Conclusion:The autistic children's theory of mind can be measured much closer to the truth if the more apt tasks are considered.

Nealy 80% cerebral palsy infant are accompanied with speech obstacle at different degree, which always lead to intelligent and communication difficulties, much attention should be paid on special training. This arcle will introduce the four main aspects types of speech obstacle, the reason of speech obstable, the examination and evaluation of speech obstacle, and treatment of speech obstacle.

Objective To compare the effects of platelet rich fibrin(PRF)and concentrated growth factors(CGF)using Schwann cells as a pe?ripheral nerve model. Methods A total of 10 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 55 were randomly selected,and 10 mL venous blood was collected un?der aseptic conditions to prepare PRF and CGF. The cells were randomly divided into three groups,control group,PRF group and CGF group. The cell morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. The secretion of nerve growth factor in supernatant was detected by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Results There was no significant difference of the morphology of cells in each group as observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. MTT results showed that the absorbance values of PRF group and CGF group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The secretion of nerve growth factor in the supernatant were significantly increased(P<0.05). The number of cells in S+G2M phase was significantly increased(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between PRF group and CGF group. Conclusion Both PRF and CGF can promote proliferation of Schwann cells and increased the amount of nerve growth factor secretion ,but there is no significant difference between PRF and CGF in terms of improving cell proliferation and promoting nerve growth factor secretion.

Objective:To investigate the effects of enflurane on antioxidant ability in ischemic preconditioned rat hearts in vitro. Method:Ninety-six SD rat hearts were perfused with Langendorff device. All hearts were randomly allocated to four groups:Control, enflurane group receiving 40 min of enflurane (1.5MAC),ischemic preconditioning group undergoing two 5-min ischemia and 10-min reperfusion, enflurane + ischemia group receiving enflurane (1.5MAC) for 10 min before ischemia preconditioning procedures. All groups underwent 25-min ischemia and 30-min reperfusion. Left ventricular pressure (LVP), heart rats (HR)and ischemic contracture pressure (ICP) were monitored. Myocardial superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malodialdehyde(MDA)were measured before ischemia, 15min following ischemia and 30 min following reperfusion. Result: Treated groups had better myocardial functional recovery of contractility compared to control groups,with preconditioning being better than enflurane (P

AIM: To observe the changes of inflammatory factors and blood coagulatory factors and effects of antithrombin Ⅲ (ATⅢ) on activated inflammatory factors and blood coagulatory factors in rats with hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: The rat model of hemorrhagic shock was set up. 40 SD rats were randomized into four groups: sham operation, shock, routine dose ATⅢ and high dose ATⅢ groups, each group was composed of 10 SD rats. Shock group was administered common resuscitation fluid, routine dose ATⅢ group was administered ATⅢ 20 U/kg, high dose ATⅢ group was administered ATⅢ 100 U/kg everyday for successive three days. Plasma NF-?B, 6-Keto-prostaglandinF1?, E-selectin, sICAM-1, thrombin-ATⅢ complexes, thrombinogen fragment F1+2 (PF F1+2), D-dimer and TMD levels were detected. RESULTS: Plasma NF-?B, sICAM-1, E -selectin levels were significantly lower in high dose ATⅢ group than those in shock group and routine dose ATⅢ group (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of distal embolic protection device(DPD) on acute myocardial infarction(AMI) with ST-segment elevation.Methods Two hundred and sixty-seven patients with ST-segment elevation AMI treated in emergency with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) from Jan.1,2004 to Dec.31,2005 in the Department of Cardiology,Xijing Hospital were studied retrospectively.169 patients were included in control group and 98 in DPD group.Patients in control group were treated with emergency PCI,while those in DPD group were treated with DPD during emergency PCI.The incidence of "no-reflow" phenomenon,thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) 3 flow,and ST segment resolution were observed,and mortality in-hospital and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) at 1 week after PCI were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of "no-reflow" was 3.06%(3/98) in DPD group and 13.61%(23/169) in control group(P

Objective To investigate airway inflammation,number of eosinophils in blood and BALF,the expression of inhibitor protein ?(I ?B ?) and nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) activity in lung of rat with spleen deficiency asthma,and the effect of herbs of reinforcing spleen to replenishing Qi.Method Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group(group A),spleen deficiency asthma group(group B),decoction group(group C).The pathological changes of lung was detected by HE staining,and the expression of I ?B ? and activity of nuclear factor ?B p65(NF-?B p65) was assessed in lung by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with group A,the expression of I ?B ? significantly reduced(P

Objective:To explore the mechanism of immunomodulatory effects of methionine-enkephalin(MENK)on dendritic cells(DC).Methods:We used scanning electronic microscope for DC morpholopy,assay for acid phosphatas activity,flow cytometry(FCM) and ELISA to study the effects of DC by MENK.Results:MENK(10-12mol/L) could increase the expression of MHC classⅡ,CD86 and CD40 molecules on DC surface(P