Artificial intelligence （AI） and population pharmacokinetics （PPK） technologies have demonstrated significant potential in the personalized medication of immunosuppressants after organ transplantation, enabling precise prediction of drug dosages. This article provides a comprehensive review of the application status of AI and PPK in the individualized administration of immunosuppressants after organ transplantation， focuses on monitoring blood drug concentration， predicting efficacy/adverse reactions， and establishing individualized dosing models for organ transplant recipients after immunosuppressant administration， and analyzes and compares the application characteristics of different methods in different organ transplant patients as well as the integration and future development of AI and PPK technologies. AI and PPK technologies can not only significantly reduce the dependence on human resources， but also greatly improve the level of individualized treatment of immunosuppressants after organ transplantation， and reduce the discomfort and burden caused by frequent blood concentration monitoring to patients.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1） receptor agonists are a novel class of antidiabetic drugs that also possess lipid- lowering and cardiovascular protective effects， with liraglutide and semaglutide being their representative medications. Based on a systematic literature search， this review summarizes the lipid-lowering mechanisms by which liraglutide and semaglutide exert direct effects on the liver and kidney （regulating autophagy， key lipid metabolism pathways， reverse cholesterol transport， etc.）， direct actions on adipose tissue （affecting adipocyte proliferation and differentiation， expression of lipid metabolism proteins， and gene transcription）， activation of sympathetic pathways through the central nervous system， and modulation of the gut microbiota. Additionally， it summarizes the clinical evidence of their lipid-lowering effects in populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus， overweight individuals， and others. These findings indicate that GLP-1 receptor agonists exert lipid-lowering effects by acting on multiple tissues or systems， providing crucial evidence for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these drugs in lipid regulation and exploring potential new ideas for their clinical applications.

Aim To study the causal relationship between coffee consumption and atherosclerosis risk.Methods Based on the public genome database IEU Open GW AS project website,relevant data were obtained,and in-strumental variables closely related to exposure and outcome were screened.Mendelian randomization analysis was per-formed using the inverse variance weighted method,weighted median method,and MR Egger method to assess the causal relationship between coffee consumption and arteriosclerosis(including coronary atherosclerosis,peripheral atherosclerosis,cerebral atherosclerosis,and other atherosclerosis).In addition,the Egger intercept method was used to detect the level of pleiotropy,the Cochran Q test was used to assess the heterogeneity,and the leave one out method was used to perform sensitivity analysis,so as to ensure the robustness of the results.Results The study showed that the F-values of the instrumental variables included in the study were all greater than 10,and there was no weak instrumental variables bias.Coffee consumption was positively correlated with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis(OR=1.535 5,95％CI=1.108 4～2.127 2,P=0.009 9),peripheral atherosclerosis(OR=2.098 6,95％CI=1.182 2～3.725 7,P=0.011 4),and other atherosclerosis(OR=1.864 7,95％CI=1.052 9～3.302 4,P=0.032 6),but not with the risk of cerebral atherosclerosis.Heterogeneity test Q_pval＞0.05,level pleiotropy test interval P＞0.05.Conclusions The single nucleotide polymor-phisms selected in the study are all strong instrumental variables,and there is no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy,in-dicating reliable results.The research shows that coffee consumption increases the risk of coronary atherosclerosis,pe-ripheral atherosclerosis and other atherosclerosis,and has no significant correlation with the risk of cerebral atherosclerosis.The health management of atherosclerosis patients should reduce coffee consumption.

ObjectiveTo discover and analyze single or several correlative key amino acid sites that influence the host tropism during the influenza A virus （IAV） infection based on complete internal protein gene segments of IAV strains， and to provide evidence for the study of human host-adaptive mutations of IAV. MethodsThe full-length nucleotide sequences of 43 671 IAV strains containing 6 complete internal gene segments were downloaded from the GISAID EpiFlu^TM database， and 698 human-tropic （HU） and 1 266 avian-tropic （AV） representative strains were included. The consensus coding sequences of the representative strains from the amphitropic category were compared by R script， and the differential amino acid sites and their polymorphisms were then obtained. The multi-site combination analysis of differential sites was conducted with R script. ResultsA total of 49 and 57 conserved differential sites were obtained from the consensus sequence comparison between AV and H1N1 （subtype from HU）， and comparison between AV and H3N2 （another subtype from HU）， separately. 79 and 65 multi-site combinations were found between HU and AV strains through 3 and 4 sites combination analysis， respectively， and a total of 11 conserved sites were involved： site 271 and 684 in PB2； site 336， 486， 581 and 621 in PB1； site 204 and 356 in PA； site 33， 305 and 357 in NP. No eligible differential sites were found in M1 and NS1. ConclusionSeveral conserved amino acid differential sites， between HU and AV strains of IAV， are found in PB2， PB1， PA and NP proteins. Instead of working as single units， these sites may have interactions， forming specific amino acid combinations that determine the host tropism of IAV collectively.

Modulating drug release from liposomes at tumor sites are important for eliciting therapeutic effects of platinum drugs considering their low permeability through liposomal membranes, here a novel secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) responsive-liposome system was constructed for oxaliplatin (L-OHP).Lipid ingredients dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and distearoyl phosphoethanolamine-PEG2k, together with facial amphiphiles (FAs) including lithocholic acid (LCA) or 3-keto lithocholic acid (kLCA) were used to prepare sPLA2 responsive-liposome (LCA-Lip or kLCA-Lip) by thin-film hydration method.The physicochemical properties, sPLA2-responsive drug release and anti-tumor activity were evaluated in vitro.The results indicated L-OHP loaded liposomes modified with FAs had similar particle sizes of approximately 100 nm and narrow size distributions (PDI < 0.11).Compared with non-FAs-containing liposomes (C-Lip), LCA-Lip or kLCA-Lip has a comparable entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency.LCA-Lip or kLCA-Lip didn't show significant higher drug leakage at the presence of 10% or 50% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in media than that in media without FBS.Treated with secretory phospholipase A2 from Colo205 cells culture conditioned medium (CCM sPLA2) for 24 h, FAs modified liposomes released about 70% of carboxyfluorescein (CF), while C-Lip only released 20% of CF.Compared to L-OHP loaded C-Lip, L-OHP-loaded FAs-included formulations had much greater anti-proliferative activity against sPLA2-secreting Colo205 cells.In summary, our results shows that LCA or kLCA promotes responsiveness of liposomes to tumor-related sPLA2 and points to a new way to develop platium drugs-loaded liposomal delivery systems with better release mechanisms.

Objective To observe the level of supportive care need and quality of life in patients postoperation for breast cancer and ac-cepting chemotherapy, and the relationship between them. Methods From September, 2015 to June, 2016, 235 patients with breast cancer af-ter surgery were conveniently sampled, and investigated with the general situation questionnaire, Supportive Care Need Survey Short-form (SCNS-SF34) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B). Results A total of 230 patients were analyzed. Patients self-reported to need supportive care in all dimensions of SCNS-SF34, and the most frequency was in the health information (31.30％). The score of FACT-B was (93.25±23.53), that needed further improvement. The needs of supportive care in each dimension negatively correlat-ed with the scores of FACT-B in the dimensions (|r|>0.168, P<0.05) except society/family and function. Conclusion The patients with breast cancer need variety of supportive care, which may impact their quality of life.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and surgical treatment of chest aggressive fibromatosis.Methods Twenty-five patients with aggressive fibromatosis treated from September 1998 to May 2014 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were included in this study.Results The 25 patients, including 12 males and 13 famales, had an average age of 38 (range 15-76 years).The initial manifestations included chest pain (9 patients, 36.0%) and shortness of breath (1 patient).In 13 patients (52.0%) the tumor was found in a physical examination.Two patients ( 8.0%) were detected during an operation for lung disease.The tumor was located in the left chest wall in 15 patients, and located on the right side in 10 patients.Among them, the most common locations were the left front chest wall and the right front chest wall.The operation method affects the prognosis. Radiological imaging and needle biopsy did not make a correct diagnosis, and the diagnosis of aggressive fibromatosis was confirmed by pathology using immunohistechmistry after surgery.13 patients underwent tumor resection, 9 cases had expanded resection, 3 patients had palliative resection.Six cases received radiotherapy after surgery.The median follow-up time was 101.5 months.Currently , all of the 25 patients are still alive, but 5 cases had local recurrence after surgery, among them, 4 patients received tumor resection, and one patient underwent expanded resection.Conclusions Aggressive fibromatosis is a low-grade malignant tumor.The diagnosis of aggressive fibromatosis needs to be confirmed by pathology using immunohistechmical staining after surgery.Although this tumor is liable to relapse, its prognosis is favorable. Radical surgery is the most important treatment for patients to get a higher quality of life and long-term survival without recurrence.

Background and objectiveLung cancer is a malignancy with high morbidity and mortality rates world-wide. Surgery is the preferred treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. hTis study aims to investigate the effects of video-as-sisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy, VATS segmentectomy, and open thoracotomy on pulmonary function in the early postoperative stage and compare the difference among three groups.MethodsPulmonary function data of patients were collected from September 2015 to February 2016 in Department of hToracic Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. hTe patients were categorized according to operation methods into three groups, namely, VATS segmentectomy, VATS lobectomy, and open thoracotomy groups. Pulmonary function was assessed 1 day before the surgery, 3 days atfer the surgery, and 3 months atfer the surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0 through single-factor analysis of variance.Results Pulmonary function 3 days atfer the surgery was compared among the three groups. hTere was a signiifcant difference in forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC%, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1%, peak ex-piratory lfow (PEF), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), transfer factor for carbon monoxide of lung (TLCO) and TLCO%(P values were as follows: 0.033, 0.042, 0.029, 0.045, 0.039, 0.021, 0.018, 0.024). hTe comparison of pulmonary function of 3 groups at the time of 3 months atfer operation showed that there was a signiifcant difference among three groups in FVC,FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, PEF, MVV, TLCO, TLCO% (P values were as follows: 0.019, 0.024, 0.044, 0.021, 0.037, 0.029, 0.045, 0.017).ConclusionNo matter in the early stage atfer surgery or at the time of 3 months atfer surgery, the patients’ pulmonary function in VATS segmentectomy is better than the data of VATS lobectomy group, and the pulmonary function data of VATS lobectomy patients recovered better than the open thoracotomy group.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and surgical treatment of chest aggressive fibromatosis.Methods Twenty-five patients with aggressive fibromatosis treated from September 1998 to May 2014 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were included in this study.Results The 25 patients, including 12 males and 13 famales, had an average age of 38 (range 15-76 years).The initial manifestations included chest pain (9 patients, 36.0%) and shortness of breath (1 patient).In 13 patients (52.0%) the tumor was found in a physical examination.Two patients ( 8.0%) were detected during an operation for lung disease.The tumor was located in the left chest wall in 15 patients, and located on the right side in 10 patients.Among them, the most common locations were the left front chest wall and the right front chest wall.The operation method affects the prognosis. Radiological imaging and needle biopsy did not make a correct diagnosis, and the diagnosis of aggressive fibromatosis was confirmed by pathology using immunohistechmistry after surgery.13 patients underwent tumor resection, 9 cases had expanded resection, 3 patients had palliative resection.Six cases received radiotherapy after surgery.The median follow-up time was 101.5 months.Currently , all of the 25 patients are still alive, but 5 cases had local recurrence after surgery, among them, 4 patients received tumor resection, and one patient underwent expanded resection.Conclusions Aggressive fibromatosis is a low-grade malignant tumor.The diagnosis of aggressive fibromatosis needs to be confirmed by pathology using immunohistechmical staining after surgery.Although this tumor is liable to relapse, its prognosis is favorable. Radical surgery is the most important treatment for patients to get a higher quality of life and long-term survival without recurrence.

This study was aimed to explore brain regions which were closely related to the disease onset of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with liver-qi depression. The BOLD-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in the study. The processing of imaging data was based on the SPM 8 software and the REST software of the matlab platform. Each cluster was more than 389 continuous voxel. The brain region with single voxel of P < 0.05 (corrected) was defined as region with statistical significance. The 2 Sample T-Test was applied in the case group and the control group. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, the frontal lobe, occipital lobe, insula, limbic lobe, basal nuclei, and cingulate gyrus were activated in the PMS with liver-qi depression cases. It was concluded that the disease onset of PMS with liver-qi depression cases was related to brain regions such as frontal lobe, occipital lobe, insula, limbic lobe, basal nuclei, and cingulate gyrus.