Gastrodia elatais graded as top medication in theShen Nong’s Herbal Classic. It was mainly distributed in southwest China. Its quality varied with geographical location. And the quality difference between wild and cultivated sample was extreme. Identifications using traditional methods were unable to accurately distinguish the quality ofG. elata. Therefore, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition method was used to distinguish the quality ofG. elata from different geographical locations as well as cultivated or wild. The results demonstrated that using NIR spectroscopy combined with multiclass classification algorithm, the geographical location ofG. elata can be accurately distinguished. The prediction accuracy can reach as high as 94.3% and 96.4% for both applications. Besides, the classification model was built without preprocessing; hence, it can be extended to be applied on-site.

The eighteen incompatible medicaments is the incompatibilities in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, in some special occasion, the incompatible medicaments can also be used in one prescription in the clinical applications. In order to reveal the theoretical basis for applications of incompatible medicaments in prescriptions, we analyzed ancient prescriptions and found that there are contrary Chinese herbal nature combina-tions (CHNCs) which have the same meridian tropism as well as the opposite nature and taste in prescriptions. In clinical applications, one of the non-contrary CHNCs was selected as the main response to syndrome differentia-tion. The contrary CHNCs in the same meridian tropism were used to restrict each other and therefore have the protective effects. The features found in this paper will be beneficial to further research on the rational applica-tion of incompatible medicaments.

Chinese herbal nature combination (CHNC) is the particular combination of nature, taste and channel tropism, which can be used to express the effect of Chinese herbal medicine in the clinical application concisely. The complex system model for the relationship between CHNC and viscera was constructed in this paper based on the thinking model of viscera theory. The model is able to reveal the functional features of CHNC. The model will promote research on the relationship between CHNC and viscera and provide new ideas for clinical applications of CHNC.

This study was aimed to explain the relationship between chemical component and therapy objective and to identify effective component group (ECG). The objective of this study is to build a new method to identify the ECG. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula and one of its treated diseases were selected as the re-search object. The entity grammar systems (EGS) were used as the theoretical framework. A grammatical method for ECG identification was constructed. The component-disease relationship was inferred and the ECG was identi-fied with these inference results. In this paper, 16 compounds which act to 12 proteins in Type 1 diabetes melli-tus (T1D) disease network were identified from Bai-Hu Tang plus Xiao-Ke Fang and 9 chemical compounds were determined as the candidate effective components group. The results indicated that this method can be used to identify ECG and provide a new way to elucidate the molecular mechanism of TCM formula.

Objective:To establish a method for determination of total flavonoids,eriodictyol-7-methylether and isosakuranetin in Artemisia halodendron seeds.Method:The content of total flavonoids was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 506 nm,and compared with eriodictyol-7-methylether as a reference substance;the content of eriodictyol-7-methylether and isosakuranetin was determined by RP-HPLC,the analytical column was YMC-Pack ODS-A column(5?m,4.6 mm?250 mm),the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous(35:65) at a ow rate of 1.0 ml?min-1,and the detection wavelength was 288 nm.Results:The linear range of total avonoids was 0.1228--0.7368mg(r=0.9991) and the average recovery(n=6) was 100.5%(RSD=1.41%);the linear ranges of eriodictyol-7-methylether and isosakuranetin were 3.016--30.16?g/ml(r=0.9999)and 3.304--33.04?g/ml(r=0.9999),respectively;the average recoveries(n=6) were 98.9%(RSD=1.20%)and 96.8%(RSD=1.38%),respectively.Conclusion:The methods of UV and HPLC are simple,accurate with good reproducibility and suitable for determination of total avonoids,eriodictyol-7-methylether and isosakuranetin.

For solving the problem that common similarity algorithms are insensitive to the relative differences of different chromatographic fingerprints data, this paper improved the algorithms of improved extent similarity), which named new improved extent similarity. It was confirmed that new improved extent similarity could distinguish) the samples with the same total difference and different distribution of relative differences. by applying) the similarity algorithm to simulated data and the chromatographic fingerprints of nine batches Rukuaixiao tablets. New improved extent similarity could reflect the relative differences of peak areas more sensitively when the relative differences of common peak areas was less than 100%. The result indicates that new improved extent similarity can reflect the large deviation from the established proportion of components, which can be applied to the control of the fluctuation of the established proportion of effective components and the process quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicine .

Objective To construct the competitiveness evaluation index system of listed TCM pharmaceutical companies and provide efficient technology and methods for the evaluation in related field.Methods Index base was founded by the means of the literature research method at first. Then 20 experts were asked to score all these indexes according to the importance of each index. Dimensionality and index base of competitiveness evaluation index system of listed TCM pharmaceutical companies were screened. With two rounds of questionnaires, the evaluation index system was constructed finally.Results The positive coefficients of two rounds of expert consultation were 95% and 100%;the cooperative coefficients were 0.659 and 0.639;the authoritative coefficient was 0.713 2. Evaluation system consisted of 5 first grade indexes and 26 second grade indexes.Conclusion The positive coefficients and the authoritative coefficients are both high enough through Delphi method. Opinions of all the experts in the two round of expert consultation tend to be uniform, which reveals that the evaluation index system of listed TCM pharmaceutical companies is relatively scientific.

Near infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) is an emerging technology for rapidly analyzing the critical quality attribute of Chinese materia medica (CMM). It integrates NIR spectroscopy with chemical imaging. In this paper, it provided a systematic introduction to NIR-CI, such as the core part of instrument, the reliability, transformation, analysis and application of high-dimensional data acquisition. In addition, current studies of NIR-CI application in pharmaceutical field were analyzed. Finally, future opportunities and challenges of NIR -CI applications in the quality control of CMM preparation were prospected.

This study was aimed to establish the classification method of Chinese herbal medicine based on feature parameters extracted from images of herbal transverse section, in order to explore the feasibility of automatic identi-fication method of herbal medicine. The extracted 26 parameters of 18 herbal medicine images by gray-level co-oc-currence matrix and grayscale gradient matrix were used as the basic data set. And the minimum covariance determi-nant (MCD) was used to delete the outliers. A total of 18 identification models were established using the native Bayes method and BP neural network methods. The results showed that the average correct rates of models were 90%. It was concluded the feasibility of using these models in the establishment of the automatic identification method of herbal medicines. It provided new technologies for the quantitative, scientific and objective identification of Chinese herbal medicine.

This study was aimed to compare the difference of parameters of texture feature in the transverse section images of the same and different Chinese herbal medicine. A total of 26 parameters of herbal medicines were ex-tracted by gray-level co-occurrence matrix and grayscale gradient matrix. The graph of mutative curve was drawn. And differences of 26 parameters of texture feature in the same and different Chinese herbal medicine were com-pared. The results showed that parameters of texture feature extracted by gray-level co-occurrence matrix and grayscale gradient matrix had similarities and differences in the same and different Chinese herbal medicine. It was concluded that the method can show the texture feature scientifically and quantitatively. It also laid a foundation for the establishment of an automatic identification model, but the parameters still had instability. All these remind us to find some parameters which can show the details of texture feature preferably, thus perfect the extracted method of texture features in Chinese herbal medicine.