Objective A method for the determination of 4-methylimidazole in soy sauce by capillary gas chromatography was studies.Methods The method consisted of a methylene chloride to elution,followed by concentration of the eluate.N,N-Dimethylaniline(IS) was added in and GC analysis of the eluate,prior to GC analysis.The GC analysis was carried out by DB-FFAP capillary column and nitrogen phosphorus detector(NPD).Results The linear range was 4.9mg~1.5?102 mg/L and the limit of detection was 0.16 ug/L.The average recoveries were 97.25%and 99.44% by stand addition method in 0.0102mg and 0.0602mg 4-methylimidazole.Conclusion The method was simple,rapid and sensitive.A useful method for determining 4-methylimidazole in soy sauce was provided for forensic analysis.

0.05) , but significant difference in latency time of N145 was found between the three groups (P

Objective:To evaluate the spiral CT in the diagnosis of esophageal neoplasm by comparing it with conventional CT and barium meal examination.Methods:Spiral CT contrast enhancement scanning and image processing with MPR an d CTVE were performed in 15 cases.A comparison was made between the images of spiral CT and the ones of conventional CT and the images of barium meal examinat ion.Results:① On axial images with spiral CT,all lesions of 15 patients showed almo s t the same pictures as seen with conventional CT.Images clearly showed the posit ion,size,shape of the esophageal neoplasm with local extension and the relation with the adjacent structures as well as lymth node metastases.②MPR could we ll display esophageal structure through different angle and direction.The appea rances of inner wall and lesions on CTVE of esophageal neoplasm were similar to those of fiberaptic endoscopy.③Barium meal examinatiuon was a very effective sc reening method.Conclusion:Compared with conventional CT and barium meal examination,application of spiral CT provides clinicians with more useful informations.

Medical postgraduates are the new force of scientific research groups in China. However, the limitation of their English language ability restricts their publication of high-level Science Citation Index (SCI) papers to a large extent. Measures to improve students’ SCI language ability from macro, intermediate and micro aspects were discussed through flipped classroom teaching mode, such as students’ reading papers before class, students’ practicing paper writing after class, and teacher’s making comments in class. The feedback from the questionnaire showed that 96.65% of the students were satisfied with the teaching mode and 93.57% of them had improved their confidence in SCI writing. For the problems mentioned in the feedback, it was suggested that colleges and universities should formulate policies to encourage teachers to engage in medical English teaching, meanwhile teachers should constantly improve their professional quality, so as to help students improve their SCI language ability rapidly.

AIM: To study the correlation between meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)patients and their sleep quality.METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. A total of 150 MGD patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were selected and divided into sleep disorder group(75 cases, PSQI>10 points)and control group(75 cases, PSQI≤10 points)according to the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI). Both groups were scored using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI), underwent meibomian gland-related examinations(eyelid margin morphology, meibomian gland secretion ability, meibomian gland secretion quality score), corneal fluorescein staining(FL)score, Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt), tear film break-up time(BUT)was measured, and sleep indicators(sleep quality, sleep latency, subjective sleep quality, sleep time)were evaluated.RESULTS: There were significant differences in OSDI score, FL score, SⅠt, BUT, eyelid margin morphology score, meibomian gland secretion ability score, and meibomian gland secretion quality score between the two groups(P<0.05). In the sleep disorder group, PSQI score, sleep latency score, subjective sleep quality score, and sleep time score were significantly positively correlated with OSDI score, FL score, meibomian gland secretion ability score, and meibomian gland secretion quality score(P<0.05); PSQI score, subjective sleep quality score, and sleep time score were significantly positively correlated with eyelid margin morphology score(P<0.05); PSQI score, sleep latency score, and subjective sleep quality score were significantly negatively correlated with BUT and SⅠt(P<0.05); sleep time score was significantly negatively correlated with BUT(P<0.05); sleep latency score was not significantly correlated with eyelid margin morphology score(P>0.05); sleep time score was not significantly correlated with SⅠt(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The ocular surface condition of MGD patients is correlated with multiple sleep quality indicators, and a decline in sleep quality may increase the risk of MGD.

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is an inflammatory protein complex, and can participate into the inflammatory response. Upon activation, these inflammasomes can lead to Caspase-1 activation, thereby inducing a cascade of inflammatory factor activation and further cell pyroptosis. Excessive activation of inflammasomes will induce the overexpression of inflammatory factors, persistently triggering immune dysregulation and inflammatory chain reactions, even causing severe damage. The recent studies have confirmed a close association between retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy(DR), retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI), and proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)with immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses, which is serving as crucial factors in the progression of retinal diseases. This article reviews the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and its role in the occurrence and development of retinal diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and prevention of retinal diseases.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease, a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin-1 repeats (ADAMTS13)on angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSCell proliferation assay, differentiation (tube formation)assay and wound migration assay were performed by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)to explore the effect of ADAMTS13 on angiogenesis in vitro. Cells were treated with different concentrations of ADAMTS13 (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 nmol/L)and the number of cells was counted via MTT assay. In addition, effect of ADAMTS13 on differentiation was assessed by measuring the length of capillary-like tube structures formed by HUVECS in matrigel. Effect of ADAMTS13 on HUVEC migration was assessed via calculation of wound healing distance after 8 hrs culture with VEGF or ADAMTS13. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and Matrigel plug assay were performed to investigate the effect of ADAMTS13 on angiogenesis in vivo.

RESULTSADAMTS13 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs induced by VEGF in a dose-dependent manner. Migration distance of HUVECs was (79 ± 22) μm in control group, (250 ± 8)μm in VEGF-treated group and (170 ± 23)μm in VEGF and ADAMTS13 cotreated-group after 8 hrs, respectively. The tube length is (450.6 ± 16.6)% in VEGF-treated group and (235.3 ± 19.0)% in VEGF and ADAMTS13 cotreated-group of that of control group after HUVECs cultured in matrigel for 16 hrs. The number of blood vessels decreased after treatment with ADAMTS13 in CAM assay. The number of blood vessels was (228.2 ± 10.8)%, (69.2 ± 21.1)%, (184.6 ± 15.2)% in VEGF treated-group, ADAMTS13 treated-group and VEGF and ADAMTS13 cotreated-group of that of control group, respectively. Formation of capillary-like network in matrigel plugs containing VEGF was reduced to 43.5% by ADAMTS13 in matrigel plug assay in mouse model.

CONCLUSIONADAMTS13 inhibits the HUVECs proliferation, differentiation and migration in vitro. ADAMTS13 inhibits chick embryos vascularization and formation of capillary-like network in vivo.

ADAM Proteins ; pharmacology ; ADAMTS13 Protein ; Animals ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Chick Embryo ; Chorioallantoic Membrane ; Collagen ; Drug Combinations ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Laminin ; Mice ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Proteoglycans ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

The study is to investigate the effect of glaucocalyxin A (GLA) on mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. The animal welfare and experimental process of this experiment followed the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Yanbian University. BALB/c mice were used in the animal experiment and randomly divided into five groups, control group, model group, and GLA low, medium, and high dose groups (10, 20, and 40 mg·kg^-1). Mice were sensitized by intradermal injection of anti-dinitrophenyl-immunoglobulin E (DNP-IgE) into the ears and challenged with a mixture of DNP-human serum albumin (HSA) and 4% evans blue into the tail veins to prepare an animal skin passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model, which was collected from both ears for measurement of dye staining and histology. Rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) were used in the cell experiment and divided into control, IgE + antigen (Ag), and IgE + Ag + GLA groups to determine histamine release as well as calcium influx levels. High-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)-mediated signaling pathway proteins and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB (high mobility group box 1/toll like receptor 4/nuclear transcription factor kappa B) signaling proteins were detected by Western blot. The results of animal experiments suggest that GLA inhibits PCA, reduces evans blue dye exudation, and reduces ear inflammation and ear thickness in mice. The results of cellular experiments suggested that GLA could reduce histamine release and calcium influx, and inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-1β production; Western blot results showed that GLA inhibited FcεRI-mediated phosphorylation levels of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Lck/Yes novel tyrosine kinase (Lyn), tyrosine kinase Fyn (Fyn), growth-factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Gab2), and phospholipase C (PLC) γ1, while GLA inhibited HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway to limit NF-κB p65 nuclear metastasis. The results indicate that GLA inhibits mast cell degranulation and attenuates allergic inflammation through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the effects of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4HPR), 4HPR liposome (4HPR-L), and 4HPR lipid microbubble (4HPR-LM) combined with ultrasound on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of human keloid fibroblasts (Fbs). Methods: (1) 4HPR-L and 4HPR-LM were prepared by hydration ultrasonic method. The appearance morphology, particle size distribution, Zeta potential, loading drug concentration, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading rate of 4HPR-L were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscope. (2) Human keloid Fbs were cultured and divided into 13 groups by random number table (the same grouping method below), with 6 wells in each group. Cells in control group were given no treatment, while cells in 12 ultrasound groups including 0.5 W 30 s group, 0.5 W 60 s group, 0.5 W 120 s group, 0.7 W 30 s group, 0.7 W 60 s group, 0.7 W 120 s group, 1.0 W 30 s group, 1.0 W 60 s group, 1.0 W 120 s group, 1.5 W 30 s group, 1.5 W 60 s group, and 1.5 W 120 s group were treated by ultrasound with corresponding parameters. The cells viability was measured by a microplate reader after 24 hours of routine culture. Another batch of human keloid Fbs were divided into 5 groups, with 6 wells in each group. Cells in control group were given no treatment, while cells in 1, 10, 20, and 50 μg/mL blank lipid microbubble groups were treated with blank lipid microbubbles in corresponding mass concentration. The cells viability was measured as before after 24 hours of routine culture. Another batch of human keloid Fbs were divided into 6 groups, with 12 wells in each group. Cells in control group were given no treatment, while cells in 1, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/mL 4HPR-L groups were added with 4HPR-L carrying corresponding mass concentration of 4HPR. The cells viability in 6 wells of each group was detected after 24 and 48 hours of routine culture, respectively. Another batch of human keloid Fbs were divided into 4 groups, with 6 wells in each group. Cells in control group were given no treatment, while cells in 4HPR, 4HPR-L, and 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound groups were treated with 4HPR, 4HPR-L, and 4HPR-LM (all the mass concentration of 4HPR was 20 μg/mL), respectively, and cells in 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound group were given 0.5 W 60 s ultrasound treatment immediately after drug administration. The cells viability was measured as before after 24 hours of routine culture. (3) Another batch of human keloid Fbs were divided into control group, 4HPR group, 4HPR-L group and 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound group, with 3 wells in each group, and the cells in each group were treated as before. Apoptosis of the cells was detected by flow cytometer after 24 hours of routine culture. (4) Another batch of human keloid Fbs were grouped and treated as in (3), and then the cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometer after 24 hours of routine culture. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and t test. Results: (1) 4HPR-L particles had a spherical or spheroidal structure and were uniform in size, with particle size of (100.1±1.3) nm and Zeta potential of (-34.3±2.3) mV. The mass concentration of 4HPR in 4HPR-L solution was about 1 400 μg/mL, with the encapsulation efficiency of (95.8±1.2)% and drug loading rate of (8.3±0.4)%. (2) The viability of cells in the 12 ultrasound groups was higher than 93.0%, and the viability of cells in 1, 10, 20, and 50 μg/mL blank lipid microbubble groups was higher than 95.0%. The viability of cells in 1 μg/mL 4HPR-L group at administration hour 24 was similar to that at 48 (t=0.393, P>0.05). The viability of cells in 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/mL 4HPR-L groups at administration hour 24 was significantly higher than that at administration hour 48 (t=44.593, 22.961, 32.224, 35.337, P<0.01). The viability of cells in 4HPR group, 4HPR-L group, and 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound group was (47.3±0.7)%, (42.3±1.7)%, and (38.6±0.8)%, respectively. The viability of cells in 4HPR group was significantly higher than that in 4HPR-L group and 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound group (t=4.551, 15.895, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The viability of cells in 4HPR-L group was significantly higher than that in 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound group (t=-3.360, P<0.05). (3) The percentages of total apoptotic cells in 4HPR group, 4HPR-L group, and 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound group were (32.8±2.4)%, (42.5±2.4)%, and (58.5±6.3)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the percentage of control group [(14.9±1.6)%, t=8.748, 13.637, 9.500, P<0.01]. The percentages of total apoptotic cells in 4HPR-L group and 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound group were significantly higher than the percentage in 4HPR group (t=4.049, 5.393, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the percentage of total apoptotic cells in 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound group was significantly higher than that in 4HPR-L group (t=3.371, P<0.01). (4) The percentage of G2/M phase cells in 4HPR group was higher than that in control group, but there was no statistically significant difference (t=2.107, P>0.05). The percentage of G2/M phase cells in 4HPR-L group was significantly higher than that in 4HPR group or control group (t=18.169, 30.026, P<0.01). The percentage of G2/M phase cells in 4HPR-LM+ ultrasound group was significantly higher than that in 4HPR-L group, 4HPR group, and control group (t=4.932, 25.854, 66.231, P<0.01). Conclusions 4HPR can inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and arrest G2/M phase of human keloid Fbs, and the effects of 4HPR-LM combined with ultrasound are better than those of 4HPR-L and free 4HPR.

Objective To study the technology for purification of total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis by maeroreticular adsorbent resin.Methods LD605,D101,DA201,NKA-9,and AB-8 types of macroreticular adsorbent resins werre used to separate and purify the total alkaloid from Rhizoma Coptidis.The yields and purities of the products were compared as indexes.Results AB-8 Type macroreticular adsorbent resin had optimum adsorption and elution parameters with its dynamic saturated adsorption ratio up to 1.23 mg/g.After eluted with 2 BV of distilled water and 2 BV 40% ethanol,the yields of total alkaloid was 85%,and content was 80%.Conclusion The AB-8 type macroreticular resin showsa better comprehensive adsorption property and can be used to separate and purify the total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis.