Objective: To investigate the late identification and its influencing factors of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into the development of strategies for early detection and identification of HIV/AIDS cases. Methods: Basic information, identification routes and CD4+T lymphocyte counts among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The proportion of late identification of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases was analyzed, and factors affecting late identification was analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 052 HIV/AIDS cases were newly reported in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022, including 1 011 males (96.10%), and had a mean age of (32.90±12.39) years. There were 333 cases with late identification, accounting for 31.65%. The proportions of late identification have no significant changing trend from 2013 to 2022 (P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that HIV/AIDS cases aged 25 years and older (25 to 49 years, OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.350-2.658; 50 years and older, OR=3.010, 95%CI: 1.838-4.928) had a higher risk of late identification, while HIV/AIDS cases with college degree and above (OR=0.655, 95%CI: 0.459-0.936) and identified by voluntary counseling and testing (OR=0.542, 95%CI: 0.380-0.772) had a lower risk of late identification. Conclusions The proportion of late identification of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District from 2013 to 2022 was 31.65%. Age, educational level and identification route were important factors affecting late identification of HIV/AIDS cases in Shangcheng District.

Objective:To investigate if acupuncture has an inhibitory effect on fatty toxicity and its possible mechanism. Methods: Thirty-four patients with simple obesity were clinically treated with acupuncture for 3 courses. Before and after treatment, body mass index(BMI) and fat percentage(F%) were determined, and serum insulin and adiponectin were measured by enzyme linked immunoassay, blood lipid and sugar by biochemical colorimetry and eight kinds of free fatty acids(FFAs) by high performance liquid chromatography. Twenty normal persons were selected as a control. Results:The total efficacy rate was 88.2%. Acupuncture could increase the decreased insulin sensitivity index(ISI) in the patients(t=-5.103, P=0.000). The correlation of a decrease in F% with an increase in unsaturated fatty acid after acupuncture was of significance(r=0.402, P=0.019) and its correlation with an increase in the ratio between unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid was also of significance(r=0.348, P=0.044). The correlation between increases in high density lipoprotein and in eicosapentaenoic acid was of significance(r=0.352, P＝0.041). The correlation between a decrease in BMI and an increase in high density lipoprotein was of significance(r=0.357, P=0.038). Adiponectin level significantly rose after acupuncture (compared with pre-treatment, P=0.000). The correlation between a decrease in FFAs and an increase in adiponectin was of significance(r=-0.349, P=0.043). Conclusion: Acupuncture can lower the levels of free fatty acids in the patients and increase their sensitivity to insulin to inhibit the fatty toxicity. The inhibitory effect of acupuncture on fatty toxicity is somewhat related to a rise in adiponectin level.

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB) in the expression of monocyte chemoatractant protein- 1 (MCP- 1) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) induced by oxidized low- density lipoprotein (Ox- LDL).METHODS: HMCs were used as target cells. Inhibitory κBα (IκBα) and MCP- 1 protein level was measured by cell ELISA.Activities of transcriptional factors NF- κB were determined by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the translocation of Rel p65. RESULTS: NF - κB DNA - binding activation in MCs was observed when 10-100 mg/L Ox - LDL was added to the medium, and 50 mg/L Ox - LDL caused the strongest effect (8.50 ± 1.14, P ＜ 0.01vs control; P ＜ 0.05 vs 10, 25 and 100 mg/L Ox - LDL). The most optimal stimulation time was 60 min ( 11.0 ± 2.11, P ＜0.01 vs control; P ＜ 0.05 vs 30 min or 240 min). IκBα protein level in MC dropped down most obviously after 60 min incubation with 50 mg/L Ox - LDL (0.050 ± 0.006, n = 5, P ＜ 0.01 vs control), while MCP- 1 expression level was the highest (0.331± 0.016, n = 5, P ＜ 0.01 vs control). The translocation of Rel p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus was detected too. NF - κB inhibitor pyrroledithiocarbomate (PDTC) could inhibit these effects induced by Ox- DL. CONCLUSION: Activation of NF- κB regulate the expression of MCP- 1 in HMCs induced by Ox - LDL.

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) in the expression of monocyte chemoatractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). METHODS: HMCs were used as target cells. Inhibitory ?B? (I?B?) and MCP-1 protein level was measured by cell ELISA. Activities of transcriptional factors NF-?B were determined by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the translocation of Rel p65. RESULTS: NF-?B DNA-binding activation in MCs was observed when 10-100 mg/L Ox-LDL was added to the medium, and 50 mg/L Ox-LDL caused the strongest effect (8.50?1.14, P

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) on sepsis induced by intra-abdominal infection in rats and its mechanism.METHODS:Intra-abdominal infection induced sepsis was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). BPI or equal volume of physiological saline was intra-abdominally given immediately after CLP and 12 hours after CLP respectively (2.5 mg/kg of BPI each time). Plasma endotoxin levels were determined with limulus amebocyte chromogenic assay.RESULTS:(1)The survival time in BPI group was significantly higher than in physiological saline (PS) group. (2)The values of MAP, LVSP, IP, d p /d t max and -d p /d t max in BPI group, although decreasing ,were markedly higher than those in PS group. (3) Plasma glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and urea nitrogen levels in BPI group, though increasing, were significantly lower than those in PS group.(4) There was no significant change of plasma endotoxin levels in BPI group, while plasma endotoxin levels were markedly increased in PS group. There was significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS:BPI has an obvious protective effect on intra-abdominal infection induced sepsis, which might be related to its antagonism against endotoxin.

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the innovative self-assembling system, "beads", prepared by continuously shaking alpha-cyclodextrin and soybean oil without the use of organic solvents and surfactants at room temperature. Berberine hydrochloride previously dissolved in soybean oil was chosen as a model drug to explore the shape, structure, drug loading and in vitro release of beads. The particle size and drug loading of berberine hydrochloride-loaded beads were (2.25 +/- 0.23) mm and (67.02 +/- 0.64) microg x g(-1), respectively. Confocal microscopy showed that the core-shell structure of beads could contain poorly water soluble drugs or lipophilic drugs in the lipid core. The drug release rate and cumulative releases of beads were both higher than those of raw medicine of berberine hydrochloride in simulated intestinal fluid. These results suggested that beads were the novel and potential lipid-based drug delivery system for lipophilic or poorly water soluble traditional Chinese medicine.
Berberine ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Soybean Oil ; administration & dosage ; alpha-Cyclodextrins ; administration & dosage

A new caffeate compound, (E)-erythro-syringylglyceryl caffeate (1), was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys chinensis Batal., together with nine known phenolic compounds, including (+)-licarin A (2), naringenin 4', 7-dimethyl ether (3), pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside (4), caraphenol A (5), Z-miyabenol C (6), protocatechuic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), gallic acid (9) and vanillic acid (10). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, this is the first report of compounds 2, 5 and 6 from Nardostachys genus.

OBJECTIVETo prepare nanofibrous membranes of poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) loaded with varied salvianic acid A sodium (SAS) contents.

METHODSUltrafine fiber mats were prepared with PVA/CS as matrix and SAS as model drug. The structure and morphology of the nanofibrous membranes were characterized by FT-IR and SEM. Drug-loading amount and drug release profiles of these membranes were determined by UV VIS spectra, and the degradation of the membranes was also investigated.

RESULTSAverage diameters of PVA/CS/SAS nanofibers with different SAS contents were 280 ≊390 nm. Drug-loading amount of these nanofibrous membranes was high and exhibited sustained and controlled release behavior for SAS.

CONCLUSIONThe PVA/CS/SAS nanofibrous membrane prepared in this study loads drug uniformly and has remarkably sustained release behavior, which may offer strategies for the research and development of novel topical drug delivery systems.

BACKGROUND:Both acupuncture and moxibustion and drug ale effective methods to treat simple obesity.Whether electroacupuncture is different from sibutramine to affect adipocyte products in obese organisms?OBJECTIVE:To observe the different effects of electroacupuncture and sibutramine on adipocyte produces in obesity rats and to investigate the mechanism of weight reduction by acupuncture and moxibustion.DESIGN:Layering-randomized controlled study.SETTING:Laboratory of Acupuncture and Pharmacology.Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS:12045-day-old male SD rats were provided by Shanghai Experimental Animal Center.The experiment was in accordance with animal ethics standards.Sibutramine hyrdrochloride capsule was made in Fuling Pharmaceutical Factory of Taiji Group(batch number:X20010279).Electro-acupuncture apparatus(LH402A acupoint neutoelectrical stimulation equipment)was made in Beijing Huawei Chanye Developing Company.METHODS:This study was performed at the Laboratory of Acupuncture and Pharmacology,and Expefimental Animal Center,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from October 2004 to November 2006.①100 male SD rats underwent high-fat diet.Fifty-four alimentary obesity rats were randomly divided into electroacupuncture group,sibutramine group and obesity group.wim 18 rats in each group.Another 18 rats were regarded as a normal group.②Rats in the electroacupuncture group were given electrical stimulation(2/15 Hz,4 mA)at lateral Housanli and Neiting acupoints,contralateral alternation every other day.Rats were fixed with self-made binding instrument,and rats maintained a consciousness but not an intense struggle.The electricai stimulation lasted for 15 minutes every day,one day was an interval every 6 days.and the electroacupuncture was given for 49 days and 42 times in total.Rats in the sibutramine group were ingragastrically administrated with 0.2 g/L sibutramine hydrochloride(2.0 mg/kg/d).Rats in the control group and obesity groups were fixed the same as electroacupuncture group but not given electrical stimulation.MAIN OUTCoME MEASURES:①Obese marker:To detect body mass,body length,weight reduction rate and body mass/body fat mass,and to measure total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and triacylglycerol (TG)with biochemical chromatometry;②insulin sensitivity index:To measure fasting blood glucose,insulin and insulin sensitivity index with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;③adipocyte secreting regulatory substance level:To measure serum resistin,leptin,adiponectin,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and its soluble receptor level with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:Among 120 rats,54 alimentary obesity rat models and 18 normal rats were included in the final analysis.①Obesemarker:Bodymass,bodyfatmass,cholesterol and TG levels in the obesity group were significantly higher than in the normal group(P＜0.01).Body mass,body fat mass,body mass/body fat mass,cholesterol and TG levels in the electroacupuncture group were significantly lower than in the obesity group(P＜0.01).TG level in the sibutramine group was significantly lower than in the obesity group(P＜0.01).Weight reduction rate in the electroacupuncture group was significantly higher than in the sibutramine group(P＜0.01).Body mass/body fat mass in the electroacupuncture group was significantly lower than in the sibutramine group(P＜0.01).②Insulin sensitivity:Blood glucose and serum insulin levels in the obesity group were significantly higher than in the normal group,and insulin sensitivity index was significantly lower than in the normal group(P＜0.01).Blood glucose and insulin levels in the electroacupuncture and sibutramine groups were significantly lower than in the obesity group,but insulin sensitivity index was significantly higher than in the obesity group(P＜0.01).③Adipocyte secreting regulatory substance level:Adiponectin in the electroacupuncture group was significantly higher than in the obesity group (P＜0.01).Resistin and TNF-αin the electroacupuncture group was significantly lower than in the obesity grollp(P＜0.01).Resistin level in the sibutramine group was significantly lower than in the obesity group(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The effect of electroacupuncture on abnormally secretary products of adipose tissues in obesity rats is superior to the effect of sibutramine.This may be one of important mechanisms of weight reduction by acupuncture and moxibustion,and prevention and cure of obesity and its related diseases.

Objective To investigate the prognosis of patients with Kawasaki's disease complicated with coronary artery lesion and to provide evidence for diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Methods This study was conducted during January 2002 to June 2007. All patients diagnosed as Kawasaki's disease complicated with coronary artery lesions were from the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, the Second People's Hospital of Guangxi Province and Guilin Women and Childrens' Hospital. All cases were echocardiogram examined in month 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 in the purpose of observing the morphology of coronary artery. The study subjects were re-categorized to the groups of mild, moderate dilatation of coronary artery and giant coronary aneurysm, based on the severity of coronary artery lesion. The results of these results of the three groups were compared. Results Eighty-four cases in the mild group, 27 cases in the moderate group and 8 cases in the giant coronary aneurysm. The recovery cases were 23 (27%), 3 (11%) and 0 in the 3 groups respectively at month 3. The above numbers were 44 (52%), 8 (30%) and 0 respectively at month 6.The numbers were 69(82%), 13 (48%) and 1 (13%) at month 12. The numbers were 78 (93%), 19 (70%), 3 (38%) at month 24. The numbers were 82(98%), 20(74%) and 4(50%) at month 36. Thirteen patients were treated with adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) stress echocardiography examiantion, 5 patients were evaluated by coronary angiography,and 4 patients were tested by 64-slice CT coronary reconstruction. Part of the patients were found to have coronary stenosis or occlusion. Conclusion Patients of Kawasaki's disease often have concurrent coronary artery lesions. Patients with mild dilatation of the coronary artery are the most commonly seen and have the best prognosis. On the contrast, patients with giant coronary aneurysm are the lest common situation and is the worst in prognosis. Part of them will develop coronary artery stenosis or occlusion in late stage which may lead to ischemic heart disease. We should stress on close follow-up of patients with Kawasaki's disease complicated with coronary artery lesion. Appropriate and timely treatment will increase their clinical outcomes.