Objective To establish an assessment scale for hospital stroke patients with Delphi method,by using it to help the nurses evaluate patients' existing and potential problems,and to provide foundations for specific assessment on different patient groups.Methods The first-level indicators and second-level indicators were developed on the basis of the Omaha system.210 nursing records of hospital stroke patients were then combined with to form concrete items.Totally 22 nursing specialists were interviewed with two rounds in order to further collect the opinions and suggestions about the assessment scale.Results 4 first-level indicators,35 second-level indicators and a number of items were included in the assessment scale.Conclusions The assessment scale for hospital stroke patients established by Delphi method comprehensively shows the environmental,physical,mental and behavioral condition in hospital,and it could be used as a tool to assess the hospital stroke patients.

OBJECTIVE To study and evaluate the value of the antibiotic-neutralized culture bottle applied by manual operations.METHODS A total of 711 blood samples were collected from clinical high fever patients in Qingdao Central Hospital from 2002 to 2005.To compare the bacteria detected rates,cultural time and bacteria types in 399 samples cultured in manual blood-culture bottles with those in 312 samples cultured in antibiotic-neutralized culture bottles applied by manual operations.RESULTS The bacteria detected rates were 10.28% in manual blood-culture bottles and 20.83% in antibiotic-neutralized culture bottles applied by manual operations.There was significant difference between both of them(P72h were no statistical difference between manual blood-culture bottles and antibiotic-neutralized culture bottles.Twenty species of bacteria were detected in manual blood-culture bottles and 29 species of bacteria in antibiotic-neutralized culture bottles applied by manual operations.CONCLUSIONS The bacteria detected rate and species of bacteria were more obviously raised in antibiotic-neutralized culture bottles applied by manual operations than in manual blood-culture bottles.

Objective To investigate the effect of volume therapy with 6％ hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 on mesenteric microcirculation in a rabbit model of hypovolemia.Methods Sixty-four adult male rabbits,weighing 2.0-2.3 kg,were randomly divided into 4 groups( n =16 each):control group (group C),hypovolemia group (group HM),Ringer's solution group (group RS) and 6％ HES 130/0.4 group (group HES).The animals were anesthetized with sodiun pentobarbital 3.0-3.5 mg/kg.Femoral artery,femoral vein and right internal jugular vein were cannulated for MAP monitoring,blood withdrawing and fluid adminstration.Hypovolemia was induced by withdrawing blood from femoral vein of 30％ blood volume in 30 min in groups HM,RS and HES.In group C,no blood was withdrawed.In group RS,Ringer's solution 3 times of the volume of blood withdrawn was infused,while 6％ HES 130/0.4 equal volume of blood withdrawn was infused via right internal jugular vein immediately at the end of blood withdrawing.MAP and HR were recorded and femoral artery and femoral vein blood samples were taken before blood withdrawing (T0),immediately at the end of blood withdrawing(T1 ),immediately at the end of volume therapy(T2 ) and 30 min after volume therapy(T3 ).DO2,VO2 and ERO2 were calculated.Diameter and blood flow speed of microvessel were determined.Results Compared with group C,HR was significantly increased,MAP decreased,diameter and blood flow speed of microvessel were decreased at T1～3,DO2 was increased　at T1 in group HM.Compared with group HM,MAP was significantly increased at T2,HR decreased at T2,3,DO2and VO2 were increased at T1～3,diameter of arteriole was increased at T2 whlie decreased at T3,diameter of veinule　and blood flow speed of microvessel were increased at T2,3 in group RS,MAP was significantly increased at T2,HR　was decreased whlie DO2 and VO2 were decreased,VO2,ERO2,diameter and blood flow speed of microvessel were　increased at T2,3 in group HES.Compared with group RS,DO2,VO2 and ERO2 were significantly decreased at T3　in group HES.Conclusion Volume therapy with 6％ HES 130/0.4 can improve mesenteric microcirculation,organ perfusion and oxygen metabolic in a rabbit model of hypovolemia.

Objective: To study the pharmacology of Zhiloushu Pills (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Stiff silk worm and Flos Sophorae). WTHZ]MethodsMethods: Zhiloushu Pills, clysterred into animals. Results: Zhiloushu Pills can decrease the inflammatory caused by CMC. Conclusion: Zhiloushu Pills are helpful to heal the rabbits local infection caused by staphylococcus aureus. They can also shorten the blood coagulation time and have the function of invigorating the circulation of blood and removing the stasis of blood against stasis animals.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epileptic seizure-like effect of Sophora alkaloid sophoridine on electroencepholography (EEG) and its possible characteristic and the mechanism of the seizure-like effect.

METHODChronic electron implantation was employed for the intracranial electroencepholography (IEEG) recording in rat, and the traditional anti-seizure drugs were for the mechanism study in mice.

RESULTCompared with the medial perforant path (PP) area and the temporal cortex (TC), the granule cells in hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) area is more sensitive in the kindling effect by sc sophoridine. Under-threshold hypnotic dosage of diazepam and the hypnotic dosage of pentobarbital sodium can block the sophoridine kinded seizure in mice, but the phenytoin sodium can not block the seizure, also the dosage of it can block the maximal electroconvulsive shock (MES) seizure.

CONCLUSIONSophoridine-induced synchronous oscillations in the hippocampus could elicit the generation and development of seizure. And the hippocampus might play the crucial role and be the original part of the seizure. Sophoridine kinded seizure might belong to clonic seizures, and the diazepam is the ideal agent for the treatment.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Quinolizines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sophora ; chemistry

Objective To explore the nursing cooperation of nasal endoscopic chronic rhino-sinusitis operation aided by image guidance. Methods The main points of 27 cases of nursing cooperation of nasal endoscopic chronic rhino-sinusitis operation aided by image guidance were summarized by preoperative visit and improving apparatus and preoperative preparation. Circulating nurses guaranteed the security of patients′position, appropriate location of staff in the operating room, normal operation of apparatus and valid storage of operation materials. During operation they made an intraoperative disease observation and nursing records accurately. Instrument nurses used surgical instruments during operation reasonably, guaranteed accurate deliveries and medicine allocation and assisted surgeons to make intraoperative navigation, registration and rectification. Results The surgeries of 27 patients were completed successfully. No serious complications including nerve injuries, cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and bleeding of the internal carotid artery were found. Conclusions Skillful grasp of professional skills of nurses, effective management of apparatus and full preoperative preparation are important conditions which guarantee secure implementation and successful completion of surgeries.

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system for the elderly stressors, so as to provide a basis for comprehensive and effective stressor assessments for the elderly.Methods:With the bio-psycho-social medicine model as the theoretical guide, the first draft of the evaluation index system for the elderly stressors was drawn up through the literature analysis and the semi-structured interview. The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultations to 13 experts. The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine all levels of indicators and their weights.Results:In two rounds of expert consultations, the expert positive coefficients were 86.67% and 100.00% respectively, and the authority coefficients were both 0.889, and the Kendall coordination coefficients were 0.339 and 0.361 respectively ( P<0.05) . The evaluation index system for the elderly stressors included 4 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators and 65 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The evaluation index system for the elderly stressors based on the Delphi method is scientific and practical, and can provide a unified standard for the evaluation of the elderly stressors.

Objective To investigate the knowledge level among patients with ulcerative colitis, and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 147 patients with ulcerative colitis were recruited by using Chinese version of inflammatory bowel disease knowledge questionnaire to assess their knowledge level. The influencing factors were explored by using general information questionnaire and self-efficacy questionnaire of inflammatory bowel disease. Results The total score of disease knowledge among patients with ulcerative colitis was (6.58 ± 1.57) points, Correct rate of disease knowledge was 28.6%; the total score of self-efficacy was (227.45 ± 32.25) points, the score index was 78.28%. The educational level, duration of disease, patients′ age and management of medical and nursing were the influencing factors of disease knowledge, which could explain 44.3% of total variation. Conclusions The knowledge level among patients with ulcerative colitis needs to be improved.Nursing staff should be based on influencing factors, pay attention to improve the knowledge level of patients with nursing intervention or health education,through a variety of ways to meet the patients need of disease knowledge, improve theirquality of life.

Objective To study the urinary arsenic safety guideline value of a population for evaluating the arsenic exposure level in a certain population and providing evidence for the implementation of prevention and control measures in endemic arsenicosis area.Methods According to the data from the national high-arsenic drinking water sources screening in endemic arsenicosis area of drinking water type and quality supervision and inspection for water-improving project to decrease arsenic from 2005 to 2014,census data on arsenic poisoning in endemic arsenicosis area,data on surveillance of endemic arsenicosis,10 722 people with detailed personal information,complete water arsenic exposure data and accurate urinary arsenic detection data were selected to be the research objects.The relationship between urinary arsenic and water arsenic was analyzed based on the surveillance data of 4 501 people from 2013 to 2014.The safety guidance value of urinary arsenic was determined based on the geometric mean value of urinary arsenic in people exposed to water arsenic in the range of (0.050 ± 0.005) mg/L,and verified using the data of 6 221 people from 2005 to 2012.Every time,a random sample of 2 000 people was taken as the verification sample,the sensitivity and specificity of the index for determining whether water arsenic exposure exceeded the standard were determined by area under the ROC curve (AUC),and a total of 10 sample tests was performed.Results When the water arsenic concentration was less than 0.01 mg/L,the correlation coefficient of water arsenic concentration with urinary arsenic concentration was 0.097 (P ＜ 0.01);when the water arsenic concentration was more than 0.01 mg/L and less than 0.05 mg/L,the correlation coefficient of arsenic concentration with water arsenic concentration was 0.456 (P ＜ 0.01);when the water arsenic concentration was more than 0.05 mg/L,the correlation coefficient of water arsenic concentration with urinary arsenic concentration was 0.630 (P ＜ 0.01).With increase of water arsenic concentration,the concentration of urinary arsenic increased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =2 337.956,P ＜ 0.01).When water arsenic concentration was in the range of (0.050 ± 0.005) mg/L,the urinary arsenic geometric mean was 0.032 mg/L.AUC analysis of 10 random samples of 2 000 people showed that the geometric mean of urinary arsenic was 0.032 mg/L in the population,which can accurately distinguish whether the water arsenic level exceeded 0.05 mg/L,and the AUC value was higher than 0.94.And the sensitivity and specificity were achieved 0.898 and 0.844.Conclusions The geometric mean of urinary arsenic is 0.032 mg/L,which can be used as a safety guideline value for urinary arsenic in the population.When the geometric mean of urinary arsenic exceeds this value,the population may be exposed to high arsenic.