Objective To explore the clinical significance of urine trace albumin in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy(DN). Methods A total of 35 patients with DN in DN group,32 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)in DM group and 36 people accepted physical examination in control group.The urine trace albumin,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine were detected and compared.Results Urine trace albumin level in DN group was significant higher than those of DM group and control group,the differences were statistical significant(P <0.05),blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were slightly higher than those of DM group and control group,but there were no statistical significant differences (P >0.05).The urine trace albumin,blood urea ni-trogen and serum creatinine between DM group and control group had no statistical significant differences (P >0.05).Conclusion Urine trace albumin could be used as an early diagnostic index for early diagnosis of DN.

Objective To compare two kinds of music therapy to improve the anxiety of ICU patients in order to explore the best setting of individual music therapy and improve efficiency of music therapy.Methods According to enrolling order,60 patients who had been in ICU for more than 1 week were divided into the test group and the control group with 30 cases in each group.The two groups both received conventional nursing.The test group listened to different music without time constrain every day.The control group received fixed music timing every day.Before and after intervention,the two groups were investigated with self-rating anxiety scale(SAS).Results The SAS score of the test group significantly decreased after intervention,showing statistical difference(P＜0.01).The SAS score of the control group decreased after intervention as well,but showing no statistical difference(P＞0.05).The score of the test group was lower than that of the test group after intervention,showing statistical difference(P＜0.01).Conclusions The therapy using different music without time constrain has better effect on reducing the anxiety of ICU patients than that using timing and fixed music.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat (PQ),and the effect of Xuebijing injection in treatment of PQ poisoning.Methods Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,PQ poisoning group,and Xuebijing intervention group,with 24 rats in each group.Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by single garage at the dosage of 50 mg/kg of PQ,while 1 mL of distilled water was given by gavage in control group.Xuebijing injection at the dosage of 4 mL/kg were given intraperitoneally at 30 minutes after exposure to PQ in Xuebijing group,and it was repeated every 12 hours; same amount of physiological saline was given intraperitoneally in PQ group and control group.The experiment lasted for 14 days.Six rats in each group were sacrificed on 1,3,7,14 days,respectively,after insult,and 30 minutes after the last intervention.The lung tissues were harvested,the changes in pathology in lung tissue and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis were observed with optical microscope with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson stain.The ultrastructure changes in lung tissues were observed with transmission electron microscopic,and the content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in the lung tissue was determined by alkaline hydrolysis.The expression of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) was determined by Western Blot.Results ① HE staining:in PQ group,inflammation was most marked on the 3rd day.On the 7th day,exudates in the alveoli started to be organized,and hypertrophic fibroblasts were seen to secrete slim collagen fibers,and fibrosis could be seen in alveoli.On the 14th day,intensive hyperplasia of fibroblasts could be observed,and the alveolar structure was destroyed and collapsed,with deposition of collagen deposited with formation of pulmonary fibrosis.At the same time,pathologic changes were milder in Xuebijing group than those in PQ group.② Masson staining:the degree of inflammation in alveoli and pulmonary fibrosis were less marked in Xuebijing group than those of PQ group on the 14th day.③ Under the transmission electron microscopy,it was found that the mitochondria of lung tissue cells was relatively less in number on the 14th day in PQ group,and the majority of them underwent degeneration,swelling and damage.Basement membrane became folded,alvcoli were collapsed,and fibrosis was obvious.These changes were less serious in Xuebijing group.④ Content of HYP (μg/g):contents of HYP in lung tissues on the 3rd day in PQ group and Xuebijing group were significantly higher than those in control group (743.3 ± 50.2,718.1 ± 34.0 vs.665.8± 6.6,both P＜0.05),it then increased gradually,but the contents of HYP in Xuebijing group were significantly lower on the 7th day and 14th day than those in PQ group (790.5 ± 23.8 vs.876.7 ± 42.0,812.9 ± 72.3 vs.931.3 ± 33.0,both P＜0.05).⑤ Expression of Mfn2:the expression of Mfn2 in control group was relatively lower.The expression of Mfn2 in PQ group was increased gradually under stress,but its rate was low.The expression of Mfn2 (A value) in Xuebijing group was significantly higher than that in PQ group on the 1st day (0.731 ±0.035 vs.0.618 ±0.029,P＜0.05),and it was elevated steadily,reaching the peak on the 7th day (0.732 ± 0.037 vs.0.669 ± 0.034,P＜0.05),but it was lower than that of PQ group on the 14th day (0.708 ± 0.034 vs.0.765 ± 0.041,P＜0.05).Conclusions Xuebijing reduces lung inflammatory reaction and pulmonary fibrosis as a result of PQ poisoning.The mechanism is that Xnebijing regulates and increases expression of Mfn2 in lung tissue.

Objective To investigate the release and intracellular localization of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1(HMGBl)in the peripheral blood monocytes of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients and the inhibitive effect of thaiidomide.Methods 19 RA patients and 20 healthy controls were included in the study.Monocytes were separated from peripheral blood with Ficoll density gradient centrifugation.Monocytes were treated with 100 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor α(TNFa)or 100 ng/ml TNFα plus 40 μg/ml thalidomide and grown in an incubator at 37℃ with 5%CO,for 24 hours.The cuIture supernatants of the monocytes were collected.HMGB1 level in the culture medium was detected with Western blot.In addition,the intraceUular localization of HMGB1 in the fflonocytes was investigated with immunocytochemical analysis. Results Without stimulation. the release of HMGBl protein was significantly increased in the culture supernatants of peripheral blood monocytes from RA patients as compared with that from healthy controls(P<0.05).TNFα(100 ng/ml)did not further increase the release of HMGBl in the monocytes from the patients with RA.Thalidomide(40 μg/ml)could inhibit the release of HMGB1 in the monocytes from RA patients stimulated with TNFα(P<0.05).In the monocytes from RA patients,HMGBl was mainly localized in the nucleus.Treatment with TNFOL(100 ng/ml)for 24 hour resulted in a cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1,which was inhibited significantly by thalidomide. Conclusion TNFα induces the release and cytoplasmic translocation of HMGBI in the peTipheral blood monocytes of RA patients and thalidomide inhibits the release and translocation of HMGB1.

Objective To analyze the features of bone minimal density and bone quantitative ultrasound in men with different osteoporotic risk graded by osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asian (OSTA).Methods After exclude the secondary osteoporosis,724 subjects over 50 years old were involved.The parameters of hight,weight,quantitative ultrasound index (QUI),QUS-T score were examined.The bone density (BMD) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)in 120 elderly men.All subjects were grouped into low (osteoporotic) risk group,moderate risk group and high risk group by OSTA index.120 subjects measured BMD were grouped into normal bone mass group,osteopenia group and osteoporosis group by WHO standard.The differences and correlation analysis in BMD,QUST,and QUI between these groups were analysed.Results The percents of low risk people,moderate risk people and high risk people were 56.4％ (408 cases),28.2％ (204cases),15.5％ (112 cases),respectively.There were 30.0％ (36 cases) normal bone mass people,58.3％ (70 cases) osteopenia people and 11.7％ (14 cases) osteoporosis people in groups measured BMD.QUS-T score,QUI were gradually decreased in groups of low risk,moderate risk and high risk (-0.56±1.09,-0.88±-1.28,-1.21±1.40; 98.47±19.04,92.62±22.49,87.68±24.43; all P ＜0.05) and had statistical significant differences between low risk and moderate risk,high risk groups,while had no differences between moderate risk and high risk groups.The femoral neck BMD and total BMD were gradually decreased in all the three groups (0.89±0.12,0.85±0.10,0.77± 0.10; 1.0±0.15,0.93 ± 0.11,0.83±0.1; all P＜0.01).Osteoporosis in the three groups were 3.4％ (2 cases),13.0％ (6 cases),37.5％ (6 cases),respectively and osteoporosis percents in moderate risk group and high risk group were higher compared with low risk group (x2=11.77,P＜0.01).QUS-T score and QUI decreased gradually in groups of normal mass,osteopenia and osteoporosis (0.99±0.08,-0.70±1.07,-1.96±0.73; 109.26±17.05,96.15±18.20,72.54±10.00; F=10.47,11.73,all P＜ 0.01).Except for lumbar BMD,a positive linear correlation emerged between OSTA and QUS-T score,QUI,hip BMD(all P＜0.01).The values of R with femoral neck BMD,torch BMD and total hip BMD were 0.45,0.38,0.39,respectively.And the same value with QUS-T score and QUI was 0.23.Conclusions With the decreasing of OSTA index,risk of osteoporosis is increased and QUS-T score,QUI and BMD are decreased gradually.There are positive linear correlation between OSTA index and QUS-T score,QUI,hip BMD.

Objective:To explore the relationship of optimal pulse-taking pressure among cun,guan,chi pulse of of healthy persons.Methods:264 Healthy undergraduate were included and pulse signals were collected from cun,guan,chi in cunkou area.The relationship of optimal pulse-taking pressure among three-region pulse,ratios and body mass index(BMI)were researched.At the same time,to calculate relationship of optimal pulse-taking pressure among cun,guan,chi pulse.Results:The optimal pulse-taking pressure of cun,guan,chi pulse was positively correlated with BMI.The optimal pulse-taking pressure of guan and cun pulse was significantly smaller than that of chi pulse.The optimal pulse-taking pressure of cun pulse is similar to that of guan pulse,which was 90 percents of the chi pulse.Conclusion:There was significant difference in optimal pulse-taking pressure between cun,guan,chi pulse.The result was favourable to the optimizing the program of pulse device,consummating of three-probe pulse sensor and studying pulse thoroughly.

Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics of coxsackievirus A12 ( CV-A12) and to understand the clinical manifestations of severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by CV-A12 in Qingdao. Methods Throat swabs of HFMD, herpangina and influenza-like cases from 2011 to 2016 were detected for enteroviruses ( EVs) in Qingdao. Human rhabdomyosarcoma ( RD) and human la-ryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2) cells were used for virus proliferation and CV-A12 strains were identified through a semi-nest RT-PCR. The full-length of VP1 gene of CV-A12 strains was sequenced and phylogenetically an-alyzed using MEGA7. 0 software package. Clinical data of severe HFMD cases positive for CV-A12 were col-lected and analyzed. Results CV-A12-positive HFMD, herpangina and influenza-like cases accounted for 0. 3％(18/6798), 1. 2％(2/169) and 0. 1％(1/676) in Qingdao, respectively. Most of the HFMD caused by CV-A12 in children were mild before 2013 (84. 6％, 11/13), while hospitalized severe cases with neurological symptoms (100％, 5/5) became more common after 2013. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 region revealed that CV-A12 strains worldwide could be divided into two genotypes, A and B. All of the CV-A12 strains successfully sequenced in Qingdao from 2011 to 2016 belonged to genotype B, and 88. 9％(16/18) of them belonged to subgenotype B2. All hospitalized severe cases of CV-A12-caused HFMD after 2013 were associated with strains in branch B2b of subgenotype B2. Conclusion CV-A12 was one of the pathogens causing HFMD, herpangina and influenza-like illness in children in Qingdao. Strains of genotype B2 were the predominant CV-A12 strains circulating in Qingdao in recent years. CV-A12-caused HFMD might complicated by nervous system damage.

Objective: To illuminate the gene characteristics and clinical characterization of Coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5) strains isolated from patients with sevre hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Qingdao city. Methods: A total of 1 844 patients of HFMD were consecutively admitted to Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from 2013 to 2014. Information of the study population described above was collected retrospectively. The samples were collected from at least 1 site (throat swab, cerebrospinal fluid), which viral nucleic acid extracted and the entire VP1 gene sequences of CV-B5 isolates were amplified and sequenced, then the homology and phylogeny analysis were conducted by MEGA7.0. The prototype Faulkner strain and other VP1 amino acid sequences were derived from the GenBank database. Results: A total of 8 CV-B5 positive cases were obtained, including 4 males and 4 females; 6 severe hospitalized cases and 2 outpatients. The age of 6 hospitalized patients ranged from 3 to 48 months, with a median of 26 months. For the six inpatients, fever, convulsions vomiting, diarrhea and rash were the main clinical manifestation, and all combined with viral encephalitis. Compared with the prototype strain Faulkner, in the VP1 region,the nucleotide and the amino acid homologies was 77.3%-78.8% and 95.5%-97.0% respectively. Five out of the six severe cases with substitution of serine (S) to asparagine (N) at amino acid site 95 in the VP1 region. The sequences of 8 CV-B5 strains were classified into genogroup D. Conclusion Hand, foot and mouth disease associated with CV-B5 virus infection can result in nervous system involvement and the main complication was viral encephalitis. The CV-B5 strains associated with severe hand, foot and mouth disease had high nucleotide homology and present a certain regional aggregation.

OBJECTIVE: To study mutations in the GJB2 gene in Uyghur patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment from Xinjiang. METHOD: Forty-three cases with nonsyndromic hearing impairment and 46 adults with normal hearing were performed mutational analysis of the GJB2 coding region by PCR-direct sequencing. RESULT: Six kinds of mutation have been found in the encoding region of hearing impairment group: 380G>A, 109G>A, 235 delC, 233 delC, 7G0>A, 35 delG, of which one 235 delC case is heterozygotes mutation, two 233 delC are homozygotes mutation and two 35 delG are heterozygotes mutation. Six kinds of mutations have been found in the normal hearing group, of which 5 kinds are confirmed common polymorphic mutation. CONCLUSION The GJB2 gene mutation detection rate in the Uyghur deaf population of Xinjiang Province is lower than other province, which has ethnic and regional characteristics.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Gene Frequency ; Hearing Loss ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Mutation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of bufalin in reversing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced resistance to afatinib in H1975 lung cancer cells, and explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSThe afatinib-resistant H1975 lung cancer cells (H1975AR) were induced by exogenous HGF and transfected with recombinant adenoviral vector Ad-HGF-GFP. The cytostatic effects of bufalin, afatinib and bufalin plus afatinib on H1975AR cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The impact of combined therapy with bufalin and afatinib on invasion of H1975AR cells was determined by transwell migration assay. The concentrations of HGF in the culture supernatants of H1975/Vec and H1975/HGF cells were determined by ELISA. The expression of EGFR, cMET and EMT signal pathway-related proteins in H1975AR cells treated with bufalin, afatinib and bufalin plus afatinib were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSThe results of MTT assay showed that afatinib did not inhibit the growth of H1975 cells, but after 72 h of the combined treatment with bufalin and afatinib and in the presence of HGF, the growth rate of H1975 cells was (38.67 ± 8.76)%, significantly lower than the growth rate of (63.45 ± 12.65)% in the H1975 cells treated with HGF alone (P < 0.05). The results of transwell migration assay showed that in the presence of HGF, afatinib plus bufalin combination therapy markedly decreased the number of invaded H1975 cells through the Matrigel chamber (48.98 ± 11.43), significantly lower than the 118.92 ± 37.29 of afatinib-treated or the 88.84 ± 19.53 of bufalin-treated cells (P < 0.05 for all). The result of ELISA showed that H1975/HGF cells secreted high levels of HGF, and afatinib and bufalin had no effect on the HGF secretion in H1975/HGF cells. The results of Western blot analysis showed that the expression of p-EGFR, p-cMet, p-AKT, p-ERK, vimentin and snail in H1975AR cells treated with bufalin puls afatinb was down-regulated markedly, and the expression of E-cadherin was up-regulated markedly.

CONCLUSIONSCombination of bufalin and afatinib strongly inhibits the growth of H1975AR lung cancer cells and decreases their invasion ability. The possible mechanism of combined treatment with bufalin and afatinib may be related to the blocking of cMet/PI3K/AKT and cMet/MAPK/ERK pathways and inhibiting of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Bufanolides ; pharmacology ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Coloring Agents ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Tetrazolium Salts ; Thiazoles