Patients with long-standing history of ulcerative colitis have an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer.The risk factors include longer duration of colitis,greater anatomic extent of colitis,degree of inflammation of the bowel,family history of colorectal callcer,the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis.etc.The two kinds of molecular pathogenesis that contribute to colon carcinogenesis are chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability.In order to reduce cancer morbidity,colonescopic surveillance and chemoprevention should be carried out in patients with ulcerative colitis especially in those high risk patients.New endoscopic techniques increase the sensitivity and shed a new light on tumor surveillance.

Humeral condylar fracture is one of the common clinical fractures,the treatment is difficult for it often accompanied with their joint surface injury,Learn from past experience combined with our department for humeral condylar fracture treatment,this article was designed to review the different treatment of humerus fractures,analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment and indications for detail,with an emphasis on the application of artificial elbow Joint replacement in the humeral fractures.With a view to enhance the understanding to the treatment of Humeral condylar fracture.

Objective To investigate the correlation between mental status of patients with stroke and their quality of life. Method One hundred and three stroke patients were measured by HRSD,HMAM and SS-QOL to explore the correlation between mental status and quality of life.Results Among the 103 patients,68 developed depression, taking up 66.02%,with a total score of 31.62±12.58;52 anxiety,taking up 50.49%,with a total score of 22.17±5.38.The level of depression and anxiety were negatively correlated with the life quality(P<0.01).Conclusions The occurence rate of depression and anxiety in stroke patients is higher. The higher the scores on depression and anxiety,the worse the quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the short-term effect of open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery on body.Methods Forty patients with cholecystectomy were divided into open surgery group and laparoscopic surgery group by random digits table method with 20 cases each.The clinical index was compared between two groups.The immunoglobulin G(IgG) and procalcitonin (PCT) before surgery and 4 d after surgery were determined.Results The operative blood loss,anal exhaust time,length of stay was (135.80 ±26.74) ml,(1.6 ±0.9) h,(6.7 ±3.2) d in open surgery group,which was better than that in laparoscopic surgery group [(63.41 ± 15.06) ml,(0.4 ± 0.3) h,(2.8 ± 1.9) d],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of heat was 15％(3/20) in open surgery group,which was higher than that in laparoscopic surgery group (0),and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the IgG and PCT between two groups before surgery (P ＞ 0.05).The IgG and PCT at 4 d after surgery was (13.93 ± 1.98) g/L,(2 153.2 ± 1 452.1) mg/L in open surgery group,which was higher than that in laparoscopic surgery group[(9.23 ± 2.87) g/L,(768.0 ± 237.0) mg/L],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Condmion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has smaller short-term effects on body,while the body of the humoral and cellular immune function in mild,conducive to the body's recovery.

Objective:To evaluate the single dose and dosage frequency of analgesic drugs in 9 Chinese cancer hospitals in 2012. Methods:Using a retrospective method, the utilization of analgesic drugs in 9 cancer hospitals in the year of 2012 was analyzed statis-tically. Results:Most of single dosage of 15 analgesic drugs was consistent with the package inserts except for flunarizine and pethidine oral preparations with single overdose up to 50%. Most of dosage frequency of 21 analgesic drugs was consistent with the package in-serts except for oxycodone/acetaminophen, dihydrocodeine/paracetamol and dezocine with inconsistent dosage frequency ratio up to 30%. Conclusion:Most of single dose and dosage frequency of analgesic drugs is consistent with the package inserts. There is some unreasonable usage that should be paid attention to. Clinicians should be more cautious in analgesic drug use to make correct and ra-tional decision on dose and frequency, meanwhile, drug use in patients should be monitored to ensure the medication safety.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that have transcript lengths exceeding 200 bp and do not have the capacity for protein coding because of having no open reading frame. In the human genome, lncRNAs play important regulato-ry roles in the process of epigenetic, transcription and post-transcription, so they have become the focus of research followed by mi-croRNAs. The abnormal expression of lncRNAs in cancer usually represents different functions, such as the function of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, which promote or inhibit tumor growth. Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor with a five-year survival rate of 17%. Previous literature shows that MALAT1, H19, lincRNA p21, UCA1, and BC200 are closely related to the development of lung cancer. They could promote cancer growth, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis and induce drug resistance, and so on. This review aims to provide assistance in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung cancer by clarifying the functions and mechanisms of ln-cRNAs.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological significance of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), transforming growth factor-β1 receptor Ⅱ (TGF-βRⅡ ), Smad4 and Smad7 protein expressions in gastric carcinomas. Methods 109 cases of gastric carcinomas,28 of high grade dysplasia,20 of low grade dysplasia,30 of chronic atrophic gastritis,29 of intestinal metaplasia, and 21 of normal gastric mucosa were selected for the detection of the expression level of TGF-β1,TGF-βRⅡ , Smad4 and Smad7 proteins by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of TGF-β1,TGF-βRⅡ and Smad7 proteins in gastric carcinomas and dysplasia (high and low grade) were significantly higher than those in chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and normal gastric mucosa (all P <0. 001 ) ,whereas the expression of Smad4 was significantly increased in high and low grade dysplasia (cytoplas-mic IS :4.89±2.38,5.80±1.54, respectively; nuclear IS: 3.89± 1.52,3.80±1.33, respectively), and decreased in gastric carcinomas (cytoplasmic IS:2.41±2.27,nuclear IS:2.02±2. 14) (P <0.001 ,P <0.001 ,respective-ly). Meanwhile,the expressions of TGF-β1,TGF-βRⅡ and Smad7 were higher in advanced gastric cancer (4.36± 2.66,3.05±1.93,4.84±3.06, respectively) than those in early gastric cancer ( 2.93±1.85,2. 17±1.87, 4. 14±2.46, respectively) ( P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0. 05, respectively ) ; however the expression of Smad4 protein was much higher in early gastric cancer (P < 0. 001 ). The expression of Smad4 protein was significantly correlated with tumor size( P < 0.05 ), lymph node metastasis ( P < 0. 001 ), T stage ( P < 0. 001 ) and chnical stage ( P < 0.001) ,and the expressions of TGF-βRⅡ and Smad4 proteins were correlated with patients' 5-year survival rate (P<0.05 ,P < 0.01 ). TGF-β1 showed the positive correlation with TGF-βRⅡ and Smad7 (r1= 0.45 ,P <0. 05; r2 = 0.49, P <0. 05), but negative correlation with Smad4 ( r = - 0.21,P < 0.05 ). Conclusion TGF-β1, TGF-βR Ⅱ, Smad4 and Smad7 protein may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma,and smad4 is the key in TGF-β pathway. Also, the detection of these proteins expression can be a useful marker for predicting the gas-tile cancer invasion,metastasis and patients' prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for scientific and standardized management of temporary purchased drugs. METHODS:By using ABC analysis method,the data of non-antimicrobial temporary purchased drugs in a hospital in 2014 were analyzed statistically with ABC analysis in terms of quantity,the number of types and departments. Class A drugs were analyzed es-pecially. RESULTS:A total of 152 kinds of drugs were purchased temporarily,including 20 464 boxes,20 kinds of class A drugs, which accounted for 70.56%. Main types were antitumor drugs and nutraceuticals by pharmacology;26 departments temporarily purchased drug,mainly in tumor department and hematology department. CONCLUSIONS:The types of temporary purchased drugs meet the clinical demand in the hospital basically. The necessary type A drugs used frequently can be used as reference of tem-porary drug purchase;the temporary purchased drugs can be managed scientifically and normatively based on ABC analysis.

T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) is a kind of lymphoblastic malignant tumors orientated in T-cell line with poor clinical effects. Its molecular genetics is mainly correlated with antigen receptor gene, abnormal chromosome, oncogene activation, tumor-suppressor gene inactivation and molecular pathways. This article will review the latest research progress of the molecular genetics in T-ALL/LBL to explore the index of prognosis and possible therapeutic targets.

Objective To determine the relation between level of caloric responses and temperature of stimulus.Methods An bithermal caloric air irrigator was used to obtain maximum slow component speed caloric responses of 120 patients reported history of dizziness. The nystagmus was measured and recorded by electronystagmography.Results The maximum slow-phase speed of the responses to hot air was greater than that to cold air ( P