Objective To study the effect of crystallins on survival and growth of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vitro and study elementarily the exact substance of the injured lens promoting RGCs survival and axonal regeneration. Methods RGCs in Long Evans rats were cultured in DMEM, crystallins and crystallins activated macrophage-conditioned media. The growth regularity and survival time of RGCs in vitro were observed under phase-contrast microscope. The number of RGCs with processes, length of the longest processes and cells activity were measured when RGCs were cultured for 1, 3 and 5 days respectively. Results (1) RGCs could survive for 12-14 days in DMEM containing crystallins, and the survival time of RGCs was longer significantly than other two groups (P

Objective To study the immunosuppression mechanism induced by ultraviolet (UV) and cis-urocanic acid. Method The auto lymphocyte proliferation test with Langerhans＇ cell (LC) in guinea -pig was performed. Results In exposure to low dose of UVB (25 J/m2) radiation, the inhibition rate of lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by LC was 10. 5%, the inhibition rates of UVB radiation in doses of 50 J/m2 and 100 J/m2 were 22.4% or 50%, respectively. The lymphocyte proliferation was almost completely suppressed by200J/m2 UVB radiation, while the inhibition of LC function by cis-urocanic acid was weak. Conclusion UVB significantly inhibits LC auto -stimulation in dose -dependent way, which may play an important role in UVB induced immunosuppression.

Objective To study the immunosuppression mechanism induced by ultraviolet (UV) and cis urocanic acid. Method The auto lymphocyte proliferation test with Langerhans′ cell (LC) in guinea-pig was performed. Results In exposure to low dose of UVB (25 J/m2) radiation, the inhibition rate of lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by LC was 10.5％ , the inhibition rates of UVB radiation in doses of 50 J/m2 and 100 J/m2 were 22.4％ or 50％ , respectively. The lymphocyte proliferation was almost completely suppressed by 200 J/m2 UVB radiation, while the inhibition of LC function by cis urocanic acid was weak. Conclusion UVB significantly inhibits LC auto-stimulation in dose-dependent way, which may play an important role in UVB induced immunosuppression.

Objective To examine the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) at different concentration (0,10,25, 50 and 100μmol/L ) on proliferation rate and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line C666-1 in vitro, and elucidate the role of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Methods The proliferation rate in vitro of C666-1 cells stimulated by EGCG at increasing concentrations (0,10,25,50,and 100 μmol/L)for 24 h or at concentration of 50μmol/L for 0,6,12 h and 24 h were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Cell were treated with EGCG at concentration of 0,25, 50 and 100 μmol/L for 24 h, cell apoptosis was anylysed by TUNEL assay and expression levels of SIRT1 protein was detected by western blotting. Results EGCG suppressed cell proliferation of C666-1 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner at concentration of 0 ,10,25,50,and 100μmol/L, and in a time-dependently when treated with 50 μmol/L for 12 to 24 h(P<0.05). After treated for 24 h with different concentration of EGCG at 0、25、50、100 μmol/L, cell apoptosis increased at concentration of 50 to 100μmol/L and expression of SIRT1 decreased in a concentration-dependently (P<0.05). Conclusion EGCG induced cell apoptosis of C666-1 cells by down-regulating SIRT1 expression.

Objective To detect the expression and the biological activity of a recombinant adenovirus expression vector carrying human neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) receptor TrkC gene (Adeno-TrkC) in neural stem cells. Methods The expression of TrkC mRNA in 293 cells infected with Adeno-TrkC was detected by RT-PCR, and the expression of TrkC protein in neural stem cells infected by Adeno-TrkC was detected with immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The effects of human neurotrophin_3 (NT-3) on the neural stem cells infected by Adeno-TrkC differentiating into neuron-like cells and astrocyte-like cells in vitro were observed. Results The transcription of TrkC mRNA and the expression of TrkC protein was detected in 293 cells and neural stem cells infected by Adeno-TrkC. This kind of TrkC was able to make more neural stem cells differenting into neuron-like cells in vitro with its ligand NT-3 and the percentage of neuron-like cell’s differentiation was 55^2% which was higher than that of other control groups.Conclusion TrkC protein is expressed in neural stem cells transfected with Adeno-TrkC and is able to make neural stem cells differenting into neuron-like cells. The present study may provide the basis on gene therapy of central nervous injury using further NT-3 and TrkC.

PURPOSE: Rural health professionals in township health centers (THCs) tend to have less advanced educational degrees. This study aimed to ascertain the perceived feasibility of a decentralized continuing medical education (CME) program to upgrade their educational levels. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of THC health professionals was conducted using a self-administered, structured questionnaire in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. RESULTS: The health professionals in the THCs were overwhelmingly young with low education levels. They had a strong desire to upgrade their educational degrees. The decentralized CME program was perceived as feasible by health workers with positive attitudes about the benefit for license examination, and by those who intended to improve their clinical diagnosis and treatment skills. The target groups of such a program were those who expected to undertake a bachelor's degree and who rated themselves as "partially capable" in clinical competency. They reported that 160-400 USD annually would be an affordable fee for the program. CONCLUSION: A decentralized CME program was perceived feasible to upgrade rural health workers' education level to a bachelor's degree and improve their clinical competency.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Clinical Competence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis ; Dronabinol ; Education ; Education, Medical, Continuing* ; Fees and Charges ; Health Occupations ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Licensure ; Rural Health*

Objective:To study the clinical effect and safety of aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α-2b( P. puti-da) in the children with viral upper respiratory tract infection ( VURI) . Methods: Totally 100 children diagnosed as viral upper re-spiratory tract infection were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 50 cases in each. The two groups of children were both given symptomatic and supportive treatment, and the observation group was given IFN-α2b (P. putida) 150 000 IU·kg-1 ·d-1 in 2-4 ml 0. 9% sodium chloride injection with aerosol inhalation, qd, 5-10 min each time, and the control group was given ribavirin 10-15 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 in 5% glucose injection 150 ml, ivd, and a course of treatment was continuous 5 d. The fever, cold symptoms ( catarrh, cough, malaise) and clinical efficiency of the two groups were compared. Results:The defervescence effect of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group after the treatment(P<0. 05). The effect in the children with mild and moderate cough in the observation group was better than that in the control group, and the changes were statistically sig-nificant difference(P<0. 01). The heat range, cough fading time, catarrh symptom and systemic symptom disappearance time in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0. 05). The clinical efficient rate of the observation group was 96. 0%, which was significantly higher than that (84. 0%) in the control group(P<0. 05) . Conclusion: Combined with the conventional therapy, aerosol inhalation of IFN-α2b can be effectively and safely used for treating viral upper respiratory tract infec-tion in children, which is worthy of popularized use in clinics.

Objective To explore the risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants. Methods Clinical data of 211 cases of late preterm infants with hyperbilirubinemia and 246 cases of late preterm infants without hyperbilirubinemia were retro-spectively analyzed between 2011 and 2012. The risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia were filtered. Results Twenty-seven cases of late premature infants with hyperbilirubinemia were severe. Hospital stay less than 3 days, birth asphyxia history, small for gestatio-nal age, head hematoma, delivery injury, hypoalbuminemia, polycythemia, infection, hemolytic disease, feeding intolerance, and fe-tal excretion delay were associated with hyperbilirubinemia (P<0.05). Rural origin, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome and premature rupture of membrane were also associated with hyperbilirubinemia (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the history of birth asphyxia , fetal excretion delay, hypoalbuminemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome were risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants (OR=2.35-4.05). Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome and hemolytic dis-ease were risk factors of severe hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants (OR=5.74, 73.64). Conclusions Neonatal asphyxia, fetal excretion delay, hypoalbuminemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome are risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia in late pre-term infants. Strengthening the management of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome and the treatment of newborn hemolytic disease can reduce the occurrence of severe hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants.

Objective To investigate the effect of α-crystallin on the proliferation of rat retinal microglia after optic nerve injury. Methods The effect of α-crystallin on number and proliferation of microglia were analyzed by MTT assay.After the rat model with optic nerve injury was established,α-crystallin was iniected into vitreous cavity and the microglia cell number were counted and compared by retinal fiat counting and immunofluorescence labeling in different groups. Results The proliferation and activation of microglia cells could be stimulated by LPS at 10-6g/L to 10-2g/L.α-crystallin at 10-4g/L and 10-6g/L could inhibit proliferation and activation of microglia cells.Compared to BSA iniection group,α-crystallin could inhibit more significantly the number of microglia cells 1-3 weeks after injury (P＜0.05). Conclusions α-crystallin can inhibit proliferation and activation of retinal microglia and alleviate overphagocytosis and secondary damage of retinal microglia to retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),which may be another mechanism that α-crystallin contributes to indirect protection of RGCs.

Objective To evaluate different detection methods in the diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), and find the most quick and accurate one for the identification of new bunyavirus infection. Methods Real-time PCR and ELISA-IgM were used to detect serum samples of 158 patients with acute phase of SFTS, which were collected from the special monitoring system of SFTS in Henan Province in 2014. IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA in 109 acute and convalescent paired serum specimens. The differences of the positive rates were compared between the three methods, and the influence of the collected interval time on the detection results was analyzed. Results For 158 acute phase serum samples of SFTS patients, the positive rate detected by real-time PCR (76.58%) was higher than that of ELISA-IgM (47.47%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=34.13, P < 0.05). For 109 cases with acute and convalescent paired serum samples, there was no significant difference in the positive rates between ELISA-IgG ( 75.23%) and real-time PCR (72.48%) detections (χ2=0.18, P>0.05). In both the acute phase and convalescent phase, the positive rate of IgM was higher than that of IgG, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=41.68 and 6.25, P<0.05). With the extension of collected interral time, the positive rates of IgM and IgG antibodies were both increased ( Z=6.42 and 10.08, P < 0.05). Conclusion Real-time PCR is the most sensitive method for the early diagnosis of the SFTS. ELISA-IgG is suitable for the detection of SFTS at recovery period. ELISA-IgM can be used as an assistant method to guide clinical diagnosis.