OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the ear protective measures during winter swimming and the prevalence, severity of the incidence of external auditory canal exostoses. METHOD: Three hundred and fifteen people who enjoyed swimming were recruited as research subject (62.2% males and 37.8% females; age distribution: 4.4% were ≤ 40, 40.3% were 41 to 60, and 55.2% were > 60 years). People fill in the questionnaires including personal information, the ear protection measures, the time of winter swimming, the history of ear infections and so on, and questionnaires were correlated with otoscopic findings. We classify external auditory canal exostoses according to the degree of the stenosis of external auditory canal s. Grades of normal,mild, moderate and severe corresponded to 100%, 99% to 66%, 65% to 33%, and less than 33% respectively. RESULT: Of 110 ears with exostoses, 63.6% were mild, 23.6% were moderate, and 12.7% were severe. Among the group of without ear protection during winter swimming, about 33.0% have auditory canal exostoses and 4.6% were severely affected. In comparison, in the group that had ear protection, only 2.8% had external auditory canal exostoses and no one had severely obstructed auditory canal. CONCLUSION A negative association exists between the ear protection measures during winter swimming and the prevalence and severity of exostoses of the external auditory canal. That means taking ear protective measures when having winter swimming can prevent the onset of the external auditory canal exostoses and reduce its severity.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Ear Canal ; pathology ; Ear Diseases ; epidemiology ; Exostoses ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Swimming

Objective: To establish an effective fingerprint analysis. Methods: Cluster analysis and mahalanobis distance analysis were adopted to analyze data of HPLC fingerprint of shenmai injection. Results: Precise classification of 18 samples was done by cluster analysis and mahalanobis distance analysis. Conclusion: Authors believe that multivariate statistics analysis applied to fingerprint can be recommanded in the quality control of shenmai injection.

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE)is a peculiar kind of status epilepticus,which is not un-common in children,but it always be misdiagnosed due to its unnoticeable clinical signs.So far,there is no international unifying diagnose standard of NCSE.Therefore,electroencephalography(EEG)monitoring is recommended.Now,the progress in this field of clinical manifestation and EEG features of NCSE was reviewed.

Objective: To analyze the constitution of hospitalization expenses and provide evidence for controlling unreasonable increase of medical costs. Methods: To compare the medical expense constitution of cerebral infarction patients with and without medical insurance; interview the doctors, patients and the medical insurance managers of medical insurance, analyze the influencing factors of the expense through combining the result of interview and quantitative data. Results: The patients with medical insurance spent higher expense than their counterparts, the per capita cost of medical insurance increase by year. Through analyzing the constitution of hospitalization cost, medicine fee and examination cost are the major medical costs. Conclusion: The costs of patients with medical insurance have over-treatment problem, which could be controlled by changing payment method and strengthening management.

Objective To study the changes of the contents of serum HDL subclasses in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods The contents of serum HDL subclasses in healthy controls (n=38) and patients (n=38) were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis associated with immunodetection method. Results The contents of pre-?1, HDL(P

Objective:To explore the expression of GATA3 in breast cancer tissues and its correlation with pathological types of tumors and prognosis.Methods:The paraffin samples of breast cancer tissues and paraffin samples of normal para-cancerous tissues from 100 breast cancer patients who underwent surgical excision in Luanzhou People′s Hospital of Hebei Province from June 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The expression of GATA3 in breast cancer tissues and normal para-cancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. And its significance in prognosis evaluation was analyzed. The survival rates of patients with different GATA3 expression were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Results:The positive expression rate of GATA3 in breast cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in normal para-cancerous tissues: 61.00% (61/100) vs. 86.00% (86/100), and there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 16.044, P<0.01). The positive expression rate of GATA3 was related with histological grading, lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), P<0.05, and not related with age, TNM staging or tumor long diameter ( P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that histological grading at gradeⅢ, positive HER-2 and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors of GATA3 positive expression of breast cancer tissues in patients with breast cancer ( OR = 1.747, 2.699 and 1.730; 95% CI 1.107 to 2.758, 1.035 to 7.039 and 1.139 to 2.626; P<0.05). The 3-year survival rate in GATA3 positive patients was significantly higher than that in GATA3 negative patients: 86.89% (53/61) vs. 66.67% (26/39), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The positive expression rate of GATA3 in breast cancer tissues is significantly lower than that in normal para-cancerous tissues. The expression level of GATA3 is related to pathological types of breast cancer, histological grading, lymph node metastasis, ER, PR and HER-2. The expression level of GATA3 is of certain significance in evaluating prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate whether nuclear transcription factor κB(NF-κB) through Toll-like receptors 2(TLR2) was activated by lipid-associated membrane proteins(LAMPs) of Mycoplasma genitalium.Methods LAMPs were extractded and THP-1 cells were stimulated.The activation of NF-κBp65 was detected by ELISA and the expression of TLR2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Effects of TLR2 neutralizing antibody on LAMPs induced the activation of NF-κBp65 was analyzed by ELISA.After LAMPs stimulated 293T cells with the co-transfection pFLAG-TLR2,pNF-κB-luc,pRL-TK,the activity of NF-κB firefly luciferase and pRL-TK Renilla luciferase were detected by the dual-luciferase reporter gene,to analyzed the role of TLR2-mediated NF-κB activation by LAMPs in 293T cells.Results The activation of NF-κBp65 was mediated in LAMPs induced THP-1 cells and was significantly increased by LAMPs in a dose dependent manner.when LAMPs was 4.0 μg/ml,the activation of NF-κBp65 was the highest level.TLR2 mRNA expression was up-regulated by LAMPs in THP-1 cells.TLR2 neutralizing antibody could inhibit the activation of NF-κB by 60% in LAMPs stimulated THP-1.NF-κB fluorescence was significantly increased by co-transfection pFLAG-TLR2 in a dose-dependent manner. ConclusionMycoplasma genitalium-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins activate NF-κB via TLR2 and the activation of TLR2-mediated play an important role in pathogenic process of LAMPs.

At present, the training pattern in the higher-education institutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still characterized as a trilogy of basic medical theory courses, clinical medical courses and graduation clinic practice, which results in the slow-cultivation of the TCM talent, and brings into the severe problems of theory being divorced from practice and bad social adaptability in the graduates. Under this situation, it is imperative to reform the traditional training patterns and to advocate innovation in the education. It is suggested that creative teachers, students' creative study and a democratic, harmonious, relaxing and easy study atmosphere are helpful to the cultivation of TCM talents. Therefore, a student-orientating training pattern of classroom-teaching synchronized with the clinic practice, emphasizing clinic practice, and aiming to improve the scientific research ability is advocated in higher-education of TCM. This is expected to provide some thoughts for the development of TCM higher education in the new era.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics ,pathological features and aetiology of pulmonary carcinoid tumourlets .Methods The clinical data of 10 patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumourlets in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 1976 to October 2013 were collected for conducting the retrospective analysis and combining the lite‐raute review .Results Of the total 10 patients ,3 cases were male and 7 cases are female .9 cases were accompanied by bronchiecta‐sis ,1 case was complicated with lung adenocarcinoma .The clinical manifestations were lack of specificity ,which were dominated by repeated cough ,expectoration ,dyspnea and hemoptysis .The microscopic pathological examination suggested that there were differ‐ent degrees of inflammation reaction or fibrous tissue hyperplasia .All patients had no carcinoid syndrome ,lymph node and distant metastasis .10 cases received the surgical treatment .6 cases were pulmonary hypoplasia ,in which 1 case was carcinoid tumourlets complicating pulmonary sequestration .The postoperative follow up lasted for 5 - 80 months .8 cases had no recurrence and 2 cases were loss of follow up .Conclusion For the middle‐aged women patients with bronchiectasis and poor therapeutic effect ,complica‐ting carcinoid tumourlets should be vigilant ,active surgery combined with the pathologic examination is a suitable clinical decision .

Objective To genotype the clinically isolated strains of M.leprae by genome sequencing analysis. Methods PCR amplification was used to produce the 200 bp partial rpoT gene fragments from 2 standard strains and the isolated strains of M. leprae isolated from clinical specimens in 7 areas of China. The fragments were sequenced by BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Reaction kit. Results① 12 rpoT－ 91/97bp DNA fragments and 2 rpoT－ 194/200 bp DNA fragments were obtained from 13 clinically isolated strains of M. leprae by PCR amplification;② based upon genome sequencing analysis, a component of 3－ copy or 4－ copy“ GACATC” repeat sequence was found in the nucleotide sequence of rpoT－ 194/200 bp DNA fragment. Conclusion The genome sequencing analysis can be used to objectively and accurately genotype M.leprae, and it is a useful tool for epidemiological study on transmission and infection of leprosy. However, the longer DNA fragments are necessary when sequencing analysis is conducted. Therefore this method needs further improvement because only the shorter DNA fragments amplified from paraffin－ embedded tissue.