Abstract Benzo [a] pyrene ( B [a] P ) is a well-recognized environmental pollutant. Exposure to B[a]P elicits many adverse biological effects, including tumorigenesis, immunosuppression, teratogenicity, and hormonal effects. In addition to B [a] P exposure-induced genetic damages, a growing number of studies demonstrate that epigenetic changes play an important role in chemically induced carcinogenesis. In order to provide better understanding of epigenetic changes of B [a] P and their potential association with genotoxic endpoints, this review summarizes the advances in the applications of functional genomics in the research of B [a] P toxicity, including functional genomics techniques, regulation of human genome expression, DNA sequence variability, model organisms research, and bioinformatics studies, so as to provide insights into the management of B [a] P exposure-induced health injuries and use of genomics techniques to unravel the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of other environmental pollutants.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of transurthral electrovaporization of the prostate(TUVP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia( BPH) at high risk.Methods Forty-eight patients with BPH at high risk were treated with transurthral electrovaporization of the prostate(TUVP).The clinical data and therapeutic results were measured.Results All patients went through the perioperiative period safely and had been followed up for 3 to 14 months.Postvoid residual ( PVR) , the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) before operations were (97.5 ± 16.9) ml, ( 28.4 ± 2.3 ) score and (5.5 ±0.6) score respectively.Three months after operation ,PVR ,IPSS and QOL were( 30.2 ± 12.3 ) ml, (8.2 ± 1.3 ) score and( 1.9 ±0.5) score respectively,there was significant difference between them(t =22.31,53.16,31.94,all P<0.05).Conclusion TUVP is an effective and safe method in treating BPH patients at high risk.

[Objective]To study the effects of different storage method on the viability of cheodroeytes so as to find out the idem method for preservation of articular cartilage.[Method]Under the aseptic condition,acquiring 240 pieces of osteoehondral plugs from both condyles of femur and tibial plateau.The control group was not treatment using any preserved means.The tissue-cultured group was to used F12-DMEM medium long-term preserved osteochondral plugs under the conditions of 37 ℃.At preserve 8 weeks,takes the osteochondral section to carry on examination observation ohondrocytes Viability activeness change separately.[Result]The control group chnadrocyte survival rate was 94.4%.At preserves 8 weeks,the cell survival rate of the tissue-cultured group was 76%,the grading-cooling cryopreservation group was 66%,the constant-cooling cryopreservation group only was 41.80%.[Conclusion]Under the condition of 37 ℃,tissue culture method can long term preservation of vital articular cartilage in vitro.The chondrocyte survival rate of the preservation of vital articular cartilage in vitro.The chondrocyte survival rate of the tissue-cultured method obvious higher than constant-cooling cryopreservation method.

Famous TCM gynecological experts in the contemporary era represent the highest level of TCM gynecology during modern age.This article studies the academic thoughts of eight famous TCM gynecologic experts according to academic schools.The purpose is to seek the commonness of these academic thoughts and research their characteristics.It is extremely significant in inheriting and developing these doctors′ academic thoughts without sectarianism,which will help to guide the clinical works.

Objective To compare the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) alone or in combined with ranibizumab versus ranibizumab monotherapy (intravitreal injection,IVR) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods 80 eyes of 72 patients with PCV were enrolled into this retrospective and comparative study according to their therapeutic plan.30 eyes of 28 patients,28 eyes of 30 patients and 22 eyes of 21 patients were divided into PDT group,ranibizumab 0.5 mg group (IVR group) or the combination group,respectively.The patients with PCV were diagnosed according to clinical symptoms,optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescent indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).The baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before treatment was more than 0.05,and there was no retinal fibrosis and scar for all patients.There was no statistical difference of age (F=0.187),gender (x2 =0.423),average BCVA (F=1.120) and central retinal thickness (CRT) (F=0.431) among three groups (P＞0.05).They had not received any treatment before.Patients received verteporfin PDT in PDT group,3 consecutive monthly IVRs starting day 1 in IVR group,and 3 IVRs after 3 days,1 month,2 months of PDT starting day 1 in combination group.Re-treatment was considered 3 months later if the follow up shown no changes in fundus photography,OCT and ICGA.The average follow-up time was 19 months.BCVA at baseline and follow-up visit at 1,3,6,12 months was measured,and the proportion of patients with ICGA-assessed complete regression of polyps at month 6 was recorded as primary outcome.The CRT was measured at baseline and 6 months as secondary outcome.Results There were significant difference of BCVA at 1,3,6 and 12 months among three groups(F=5.480,5.249,3.222,4.711;P＜0.05).The average BCVA was significantly better at 1,3,6,12 month than that at baseline(t =-6.632,-4.127,-3.904,-4.494;P＜ 0.05) in combination group,and was significantly better at 3,6,12 months than that at baseline (t=-5.636,-3.039,-3.833;P＜0.05) in IVR group.However there was no significant difference of the average BCVA in PDT group between follow-up at 1,3,6,l 2 months and baseline (t=1.973,0.102,-0.100,-0.761;P＞0.05).The proportion of patients with complete regression of polyps at 6 months was higher in PDT (76.7％) or combination group (68.2％) than IVR group (35.7％) (x2=0.003,0.025;P＜0.05).There was no significant difference of CRT among 3 groups at baseline (P=0.651).The mean CRT decreased in all 3 treatment groups over 6 months (t=5.120,3.635,5.253;P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference of CRT among 3 groups (F=1.293,P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Three therapies could effectively decrease CRT.IVR or IVR combined with PDT are both more effective than PDT therapy to improve vision of PCV patients.PDT or PDT combined with IVR was superior to IVR pnly in achieving complete regression of polyps in 6 months in PCV patients.

Objective To study the incidence of PTEN, p53 and Ki-67 expression in astrocytoma and show the relationship between PTEN, p53 expression and the proliferation activity. Methods The surgical specimens from 68 brain astrocytoma patients were analysed to detect PTEN, p53 and Ki-67 expression with immunohistochemical method. Results The incidence of PTEN, p53 and Ki-67 expression was 54.4 %,45.6 % and 48.5 % respectively in astrocytoma. With the grade of astrocytoma increasing the levels of PTEN protein decreased, on the other hand the levels of p53, Ki-67 increased. There was a negative correlation between PTEN expression and grade of astrocytoma while there was a positive correlation between p53, Ki-67 expression and grade of astrocytoma by using the Spearman Correlation test to analyse the data. The incidence of Ki-67 positive expression was 24.3 % in 37 cases exhibiting PTEN positive staining, whereas the incidence of Ki-67 positive expression was 77.4 % in 31 cases exhibiting PTEN negative staining. In statistics, there was an inverse correlation between PTEN and Ki-67 expression. Conclusion There is an inverse correlation between histopathological grades of astrocytoma and PTEN expression. A positive correlation is found between p53, Ki-67 expression and histopathological grades of astrocytoma. PTEN can inhibit tumor cell proliferation in astrocytoma.

Objective To explore the status of intracranial aneurysms screened by CTA among the population with family history of stroke.Methods 200 patients including 108 men and 92 women in our hospital were involved,who had a family history of stroke.Head CTA examination,physical examination and laboratory tests were performed.Results 200 male and female had no statistical significance in demographic characteristics,past medical history and physical testing (P＞0.05);in lifestyle,smoking and drinking prevalence among male were higher than female (P＜0.05),and drug-usage rate of female were higher than male (P＜0.05).27 cases (13.5 ￥)had intracranial aneurysms,including 13 male cases (12.03 ％) and 14 females cases(15.22 ％),and there was one occurred aneurysm rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage,the prevalence rate of aneurysm rupture was 87％.The 27 intracranial aneurysms cases had 29 CPC aneurysms,with 2 cases had two aneurysms.The number of aneurysm diameter ＜3 mm were 7 (24.14％),3 7 mm diameter were 12 (41.38％),and ＞7 mm were 10 (34.48％).Classified by the morphology,there were 7 (24.14％) fusiform aneurysm,22 (75.86％) cystic,3 (10.34％) small drops of blood sample.Conclusion CTA is a noninvasive and effective method for intracranial aneurysm,can provide additional valuable diagnostic information particularly for emergency of aneurysm screening.

Objective:To investigate the expression status of Sonic Hedgehog signaling genes and molecules in human hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC),and to explore the relationship between these genes and clinical prognosis.Methods:HCC tissue and adjacent normal tissue from 29 HCC patients were assayed for the expression of hedgehog signaling genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction chain reaction(RT-PCR) techniques and for the expression of hedgehog signaling molecules by immunohistochemistry.The expressions of Shh,Ptch,Smoh,Gli-1 mRNA were assayed as well as Shh,Ptch proteins in 29 cases of HCC and in 29 liver tissues adjacent to the tumor.Results:Expression of Shh mRNA was detectable in about 51% of HCCs examined.Consistent with this,hedgehog target genes Ptch,Smoh and Gli-1 mRNA were expressed in over 68%,48% and 62% of the tumors,respectively,and the expressions of Shh and Ptch proteins in HCC tumor tissues correlated with those of Shh and Ptch mRNA in tumor tissues(P=0.041 and P=0.035).This suggested that the hedgehog pathway was frequently activated in HCCs.The simultaneous expression of Gli-1 in HCC and liver tissues adjacent to the tumor had significantly relationship with poor prognosis.Conclusion:Hedgehog signaling activation is an important event for development of human HCCs.It also suggests that markers for hedgehog signaling activation may be useful for the determination of prognosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in performing percutaneous biopsy for peripheral lung lesions. Methods A total of 132 patients with peripheral lung lesions underwent ultrasonography-guided percutaneous biopsy. Of the 132 patients, 72 received CEUS examinations before biopsy (CEUS group), and 60 received simple biopsy with no CEUS examination (control group). The ultrasonography imaging characteristics, the times of puncture biopsy, the diagnostic accuracy rate and the incidence of complications were recorded , and the results were compared between the two groups. The clinical value of CEUS in improving the success rate of percutaneous biopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions was analyzed. Results Necrosis(areas of echoless) was demonstrated in 44.4%of the patients (32/72) in CEUS group, while it was displayed in only 6.7% of the patients (4/60) in the control group. The demonstration rate of necrosis in CEUS group were statistically higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). In CEUS group coexisting local pulmonary atelectasis was found in 12.5%of the patients (9/72), and the pulmonary lesion within the atelectasis could be clearly displayed. In the control group, local pulmonary atelectasis was demonstrated only in 1.7% of patients (1/60), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy rate of CEUS group and the control group was 95.8% (69/72) and 80% (48/60) respectively, the difference was significant (P<0.01). The average number of punctures in CEUS group and the control group was (2.4 ± 0.6) and (2.6 ± 0.6) times respectively, the difference was not significant. The incidence of complications in CEUS group and the control group was 2.8% and 3.3%respectively, the difference was not significant. No severe complications occurred in both groups. Conclusion CEUS examination that is carried out before percutaneous pulmonary biopsy can effectively demonstrate the inner structure of the lesion, thus the diagnosis can be correctly made. Therefore, CEUS is of great value in guiding percutaneous pulmonary biopsy.