Recent studies have demonstrated that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition ( EndMT) plays a pivotal role in the cardiovascular system, spanning cardiovascular development through to cardiovascular diseases (CVD).In this review, we describe the common signaling mechanisms that promote EndMT participating in the pathological process of CVD, and we discuss how these in-tracellular cascades participate in crosstalk to integrate cues to reverse EndMT, which potentially may provide novel therapeutic oppor-tunities for CVD.

Objective:To evaluate the single dose and dosage frequency of analgesic drugs in 9 Chinese cancer hospitals in 2012. Methods:Using a retrospective method, the utilization of analgesic drugs in 9 cancer hospitals in the year of 2012 was analyzed statis-tically. Results:Most of single dosage of 15 analgesic drugs was consistent with the package inserts except for flunarizine and pethidine oral preparations with single overdose up to 50%. Most of dosage frequency of 21 analgesic drugs was consistent with the package in-serts except for oxycodone/acetaminophen, dihydrocodeine/paracetamol and dezocine with inconsistent dosage frequency ratio up to 30%. Conclusion:Most of single dose and dosage frequency of analgesic drugs is consistent with the package inserts. There is some unreasonable usage that should be paid attention to. Clinicians should be more cautious in analgesic drug use to make correct and ra-tional decision on dose and frequency, meanwhile, drug use in patients should be monitored to ensure the medication safety.

This paper analyzes that information techniques have agreat dmpact on the construction of literature resource.It also presents problems involved in the current information resources development in a special library.Based on the above analysis,the authors put some suggestions in order to improve the quality of the literature resource construction.

The article reviews the biologica l characteristics of stem cells and discusses the possibility of utilizing stem ce lls from various origins for diabetes therapy.

There are some risk points in the management process of enterprises-funded research project,such as verification of the qualification of the client,the audit of the contract,the report of the research results,and the protection of intellectual property.This paper puts forward the management mode of the research project,which is based on the contract management,strengthen the management of enterprises-funded research project from every processes the contract develop,sign,fulfill and delivery.

Objective Comparative study of the disinfection expense , turnover rate and the effect on health of ortho-phthalaldehyde and glutaraldehyde used for disinfection of bronchofiberscope , to provide the basis of the promoted application of domestic ortho -phthalaldehyde .Methods Based in turnover time of each bronchofiber-scope, the maxminal disinfection expense in month , the maxminal number of bronchofiberscope in month and the maxminal net value were compared with medical revenue in month .Two different disinfections are calculated .Ques-tionnaires about the effects were sent to twenty workers from the supply room involved in using two different disinfec -tion liquid, and the results were analyzed .Results The disinfection expenses of ortho -phthalaldehyde were higher than that of glutaraldehyde , but bronchofiberscope turnover rate increased by 50%, while medical net revenue in-creased by 40%.According to the questionnaires , the respiratory and conjunctival irritation of the workers were mi-nor, and the symptom of any skin irritation did not appear .Conclusion Although the expense increased , ortho-phthalaldehyde obviously improved the bronchofiberscope turnover rate and medical net revenue ,reduced the staff oc-cupational exposure and equipment residual effects on patients .Thus, ortho-phthalaldehyde is an efficient disinfect-ant that is worthy of being promoted in clinical practice .

Mutant or aberrant regulation of expressing products of p53 gene results in losing its tumor suppressive function,which is often seen in many malignancies,including breast cancer.Oncoprotein MDM2 plays a primary role in regulating P53,and these two form an automregulatory feed back loop.mdm 2/p53 pass way performs important function in development,progression,therapy and prognosis of breast cancer.Besides,more and more studies show that some other molecular markers in breast cancer,such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p14ARF, and Her2/neu can regulate this passway unneglectedly.The purposeof this reviewis to summarize not only the relations betweenmdm 2/p53 passway and pathological charac-ters,therapy and prognosis of breast cancer,but also the relations of this passway with some other molecular proteins in breast cancer.

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and cerebral edema formation during the pathologic course of hemorrhagic cerebral edema. Methods The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was established by infusing collagenase into rat caudate nucleus. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were respectively used to evaluate AQP4 mRNA and protein expression, and electronic microscopy and microangium perfusion were respectively used to observe the changes of the ultrastructural and local capillaries in perihematomal brain edema. Results As compared with the control group, there appeared a significant increase in AQP4 mRNA and protein expression on the edematous tissue at 6 hours in rats following ICH. AQP4 mRNA expression (optical density, A) was increased from 0.29 to 0.57 (P0.82, P s

Objective To observe the distribution of aquaporin-4(AQP*!4) in brain tissue of intracerebral hemorrhagic rats, and its role in hemorrhagic brain edema.Methods The model of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) was made by infusing collagenase into rat caudate nucleuses, the immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of AQP*!4 in brain tissue during different time after ICH in rats.Results The expression of AQP*!4 immunoreactive positive cell bodies were observed mainly in the perihematomal brain edema zone and astrocytes of cerebral cortex, periventricular zone, supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of ICH rats. AQP*!4 expression level elevated at 6 h and peaked at 72 h after ICH, and it was yet higher than control lever at 1 week after ICH.Conclusion AQP*!4 express increases strongly in the areas of a relevant relationship with the water metabolism. It can be concluded that AQP*!4 plays an important role in the development of brain edema after hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the changes and their relationship of aquaporin-9(AQP9) mRNA expression and Ca2+ concentration of brain tissue after cerebral ischemic.Methods The models of cerebral ischemic in the rats were made by occluding unilateral middle cerebral artery with the suture method.The expression level of AQP9 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR at interval times of 6 h,1 d,2 d,3 d,5 d after cerebral ischemic,respectively.Fura-2/AM fluoremetry technique was used to determine the cellular Ca2+ concentration of brain tissue.The results were compared with control group.Results Compared with control group,the expression level of AQP9 mRNA and the concentrations of Ca2+ significantly increased at 6 h in ischemic edema tissue,and reached a peak at 2 d,3 d after cerebral ischemic(P