The intra-tumor MTX concentration was measured in 12 patients with cerebral gliomas and 31 patients of malignant gliomas were treated with intracarotid infusion of papaverine and bis-chloroaitrosourea (BCNU). After intracarotid infusion of papaverine to open up the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), the MTX concentration within tumor tissues was 1854? 512ng/gram, which higher than that without papaverine infusion, which was 1020? 512ng/gram. The diagnosis was glioblastoma in 21 patients and anaplastic astrocytoma in 10. They received the infusion for a mean of 2.1 times with 250mg BCNU each. The mean survival time was 101.6? 32.7 weeks, with 104 weeks of median survival time. Fourteen were still living, including 11 glioblastoma and 3 anaplastic astrocytoma. Of those, four have lived over three years. We considered combination of papaverine and BCNU infusion for chemotherapy of malignant cerebral glioma is simple, safe and effective, so long as tumors were susceptible to the chemotherapeutic drugs.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin L-OHP (SOX) in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer.Methods 70 patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer were randomly divided into trial group (35 cases) and control group (35 cases).The trail group was administered with dose of 130 mg/m2 L-OHP,plus S-1 which was given orally with body surface area (BSA) (BSA＜1.25 m2,80 mg/d; BSA≥ 1.25 m2 and ＜1.5 m2,100 mg/d; BSA≥ 1.50 m2 and ＜1.8 m2,120 mg/d; BSA＞1.8 m2,140 mg/d).This schedule was repeated every 3 weeks.The control group treated by FOLFOX4 regimen (L-OHP was given on d1 with 80 mg/m2 through intravenous,leucovorin was intravenously on d1,2,with 200 mg/m2,5-Fu was intravenously injected on d1,2,with 400 mg/m2,and was administered intravenously 44 hours with 1 200 mg/m2 on d1).This schedule was repeated every 2 weeks.Results The total clinical effective rate had no significant difference in the trail group and control group (51.4 ％,18/35 vs 45.7 ％,16/35) (x2 =0.229,P =0.632).Toxicity,nausea and vomiting rate in the trail group were lower than those in the control group (48.5 ％,16/35 vs 71.4 ％,25/35,68.6 ％,24/35 vs 88.6 ％,31/35,P ＜ 0.05),but hand-foot syndrome and peripheral neurotoxicity rates had no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Weight increased significantly after chemotherapy treatment in the two groups (t =2.702 5,P =0.003 9).Conclusion SOX regimen is feasible and safe for advanced colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of 10 mg and 20 mg atorvastatin and 10 mg rosuvastatin on inflammatory factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods 66 patients with ACS were randomly divided into three groups:the 10 mg atorvastatin group,the 20 mg atorvastatin group and the 10 mg rosuvastatin group(n=22 for each group).The levels of blood lipids,serum matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9)and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)were measured before and after two-week treatment.19 patients with normal coronary angiography were assigned to the control group.Results The concentration of serum MMP-9 and PAI-1 was higher significantly in patients with ACS than those in control subjects(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).After two weeks'treatment,the serum MMP-9 and PAI-1 levels were lowered significantly (P＜0.01),which were much better in groups of 20mg atorvastatin and of 10mg rosuvastatin than those in group of 10mg atorvastatin (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).No relationship was observed between the levels of above inflammatory markers and serum hpids levels(P＞0.05).Conclusion 10 mg Rosuvastatin can greatly reduce the serum level of MMP-9 and PAI-1 as compared to 10 mg atorvastatin in patients with ACS ,equivalent to the effect of 20 mg atorvastatin,suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect is independent of lipid-lowering action.

Objective To investigate the expression of syntaxin 8(STX8)in glioma and its clinical signif-icance. Methods Specimens of glioma were collected from 57 patients at Beijing Renhe Hospital from May 2013 to December 2015. 57 pieces of glioma tissue were used as a study group ,12 of which were Ⅰ+ Ⅱ(low grade) and the rest 45 were Ⅲ+Ⅳ;normal brain tissues from 15 individuals were used as a control group. Real-time PCR,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot were used to detect expression of STX8. Results As compared with the normal brain tissue ,the mRNA expression of STX8 was significantly increased in glioma tissue ,with a relative expression volume of 1.6855 ± 0.07124 in low grade and 2.8207 ± 0.0692 in high grade tissues,there was significant differences between the two groups;and the difference was also significant as compared with the control group(P < 0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of STX8 was higher in glioma tissue than in normal tissue. Western Blot showed that the expression of STX8 protein was significantly higher in glioma than in normal tissue(P<0.05);the relative expression volume of STX8 was 2.271 ± 0.1621 in low grade tissue and 4.937 ± 0.1851 in high grade tissue,with a significant difference between the two groups;the difference was also significant as compared with the control group(P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that higher STX8 expression in glioma was not significantly related to gender,age and pathological types,but there was a significant difference between pathological stages. Conclusion STX8 has abnormal high expression in glioma,which may be closely related with the occurrence and development of glioma.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods The clinical data of patients aged 60 years and over with TBM in Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2011 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical characteristics of the elderly patients with TBM were analyzed and compared between misdiagnosis and non-misdiagnosis groups.Results Among 60 elderly patients with TBM,32 cases (53.3%) were misdiagnosed before hospitalization.Among 32 misdiagnosed cases,11 (34.4%) were misdiagnosed as pulmonary infection,6 (18.8%) as infectious diseases with unspecified site,4(12.5%) as upper respiratory tract infections and 3 (9.4%) as cerebral vascular diseases,and so on.The onset time of TBM,fever prevalence and CSF glucose levels were 42.5 (20.3,60.0) d,96.9% (31 cases),1.5(1.1,2.3)mmol/L in misdiagnosis group respectively,and 15.0 (10.0,20.0) d,75.0%(21 cases),2.3(1.4,3.2)mmol/L in non-misdiagnosis group respectively,which was statistically significantly different between the two groups (all P< 0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in age,gender,occupation,residence,complications,comorbidities,radiographic signs between the two groups (all P> 0.05).Conclusions Elderly patients with TBM have atypical clinical manifestations,many comorbidities,and less specific imaging,and especially,the cerebrospinal fluid pathogen sensitivity is low,which may result in higher misdiagnosis rate.

Aim To investigate the role of miR-125 b and its DNA methylation in homocysteine ( Hcy )-in-duced vascular smooth muscle cells( VSMCs) prolifera-tion. Methods VSMCs were stimulated with 0,50, 100, 200, 500 μmol · L-1 Hcy respectively. Then qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of miR-125b,and nested-touchdown methylation-specific PCR ( ntMS-PCR) was used to detect the methylation levels of miR-125b. VSMCs were transfected with miR-125b precursor or the inhibitor of miR-125b ,then 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide ( MTT ) assay was used to reflect the proliferation of VSMCs. The distribution of CpG islands of miR-125b promoter region was analyzed by bioinformatics meth-ods. VSMCs were stimulated with 100 μmol·L-1 Hcy and transfected with or without DNA methylation inhib-itors 5-nitrogen impurity cytidine ( AZC) , then the ex-pression of miR-125b was detected by qRT-PCR. Re-sults The mRNA levels of miR-125 b were decreased in 100,200,500 μmol·L-1 Hcy group compared with 0 μmol·L-1 Hcy group. The precursor of miR-125b could inhibit the proliferation activity and the inhibitor of miR-125 b could increase the proliferation activity of VSMCs cells. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that MiR-125 b promoter region had a CpG island whose length was 792 bp ( 1881-2672 ) . The miR-125 b pro-moter region methylation levels increased after Hcy in-tervention ( P <0. 01 ) . The expression level of miR-125 b increased after AZC intervention ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusions ① Hcy promotes vascular smooth mus-cle cell proliferation maybe by down-regulating the ex-pression of miR-125b. ② Hcy down-regulates the ex-pression of miR-125 maybe by up-regulating the methy-lation levels of miR-125b promoter region.

Aim To investigate the possible mecha-nisms of the levels of NO decrease induced apoptosis in human placental trophoblast cells. Methods Human placental trophoblast cells ( HTR-8 ) were cultured in 5 ml DMEM-F12 culture medium with 37℃ 5% CO2 . Then, the old culture medium was discarded and re-placed with 10,100,500,1 000 μmol·L-1 L-NAME, and the group without L-NAME was set as the control group, cultured for 48h. The effects of L-NAME on the survival of cells were detected by methylthiazolyldiphe-nyl tetrazolium bromide ( MTT); the content of NO in cells was tested by nitrate reductive enzymatic;trans-mission electron microscopy, flow cytometry analysis and Annexin-V FITC dyeing were used to test the effects of L-NAME on apoptosis in HTR-8 cells;restore Fe3+ colorimetric assay was applied for detection of to-tal antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC ) , xanthine oxidase for detection of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity, and thiobarbituric acid colorimetry for determination of content of MDA. Results Compared with the control group, the survival rate of HTR-8 cells and the levels of NO in 100,500,1 000 μmol·L-1 L-NAME group were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01). Flow analysis and Annexin-V FITC staining showed that L-NAME could induce cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The number of cell apoptosis was negatively correlated with the content of NO ( r = -0.5210 ) in HTR-8 cells. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that compared with the control group, the ex-perimental group's cell nucleus shape was irregular, nuclear pyknosis in irregular shape, the chromatin ag-glutination or side the collection, mitochondrial swell-ing or enrichment, crest fracture or dissolved, even vanished, forming the vacuole, especially in 100 μmol ·L-1 L-NAME group, the apoptotic bodies obviously appeared. At the same time, T-AOC, SOD levels in HTR-8 cells decreased ( P <0.05 ) , and the MDA content increased ( P<0.05 ) . The number of cell ap-optosis was negatively correlated with the level of T-AOC ( r= -0.3212 ) , SOD ( r= -0.2779 ) in HTR-8 cells , while positively correlated with the content of MDA(r=0.2807). Conclusion Oxidative stress may play an important role in the levels of NO decrease in-duced apoptosis in human placental trophoblast cells.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for the analysis of 824 samples from miscarriage or stillbirth. METHODS: Copy number variations (CNVs) in the abortic chorionic villi or stillbirth tissues were detected by CMA. RESULTS: All specimens were successfully analyzed, among which 381 (46.2%) were diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities, which included 312 (81.9%) numerical abnormalities, 66 (17.3%) structural abnormalities and 3 (0.8%) uniparental disomies. Among numerical chromosomal abnormalities, aneuploidies was most common (92.0%), with trisomy 16 and 45,X accounting for 41 (13.1%) and 63 (20.2%) of the cases, respectively. Among the 66 structural chromosomal aberrations, there were 26 (39.4%) CNVs duplications, 20 (30.3%) CNVs deletions, and 20 (30.3%) CNVs duplication and deletions. 33 CNVs were predicted as have a high chance to lead to a disease. CONCLUSION CMA is a reliable, robust, and high-resolution method for the analysis of miscarriage or stillbirth samples. Numerical aberrations, in particular chromosomal aneuploides, are the main cause for spontaneous abortions and stillbirths.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Humans ; Microarray Analysis ; Pregnancy ; Stillbirth ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To detect genomic copy number variations (CNVs) among 145 children with unexplained mental retardation/developmental delay (MR/DD) by using low-depth whole-genome copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq). METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients and subjected to DNA extraction and CNV-seq. The results were analyzed by a combination of bioinformatic tools. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were found to carry a total of 67 CNVs with an average size of 5.27 Mb. Among these, 22 patients were assessed to carry MR/DD-related CNVs involving 21 syndromes. This gave a diagnostic rate of 15.17%(22/145) for CNVs associated with unexplained MR/DD. The corresponding regions of the 22 MR/DD-related CNVs in the human genome covered 174 MR/DD-related pathogenic genes, which have mapped to 18 sections on 10 chromosomes. CONCLUSION Genomic CNVs-related microdeletions/duplications account for a significant proportion of unexplained MR/DD, for which CNV-seq can provide an accurate diagnosis.

The safety of decitabine as bridging treatment before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with refractory hematological malignancies was evaluated.All 11 cases succeeded in hematopoietic reconstitution.The main adverse reaction was hematological toxicity.Neither did infections occur,nor drug-induced liver damage and renal impairment during decitabine administration.Most cases showed grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ gastrointestinal adverse events.One case was diagnosed as severe acute graft versus host disease and died of intracranial hemorrhage on day 61 after allo-HSCT.The other 10 patients survived.Decitabine bridge is a safe regimen before allo-HSCT in children with refractory hematological malignancies.