Objective To study the changes of leptin and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) in adoles-cents with anorexia nervosa(AN) before and after three months of therapy. Methods The plasma levels of leptin and IGF-Ⅰ were measured in 11 adolescents with AN before and after three months of therapy and 11 normal ado-lescents of the same age,and their height,weight were examined and their body mass index(BMI) was calculated,and the results were compared before and after therapy, and were compared with those from age-matched normal adolescents respectively. Results (1)The plasma levels of leptin and IGF-Ⅰ , as well as the BMI in the AN patients after three months of therapy were significantly higher, than those before the therapy, and both were significantlylower than those in the controls. (2)Significant correlations between the plasma leptin levels and IGF-Ⅰ and BMI were detected in the AN patients both before and after the therapy, as well as in the controls. (3)Significant correla-tions between the plasma leptin levels and IGF-Ⅰ were detected in the AN patients both before and after the thera-py, as well as in the controls. Conclusion The plasma levels of leptin and IGF-Ⅰ resulted in significant changes, and these changes were consistent with body fat content in adolescents with AN.

AIM: To optimize the extraction of folium Artemisia argyi polysaccharides by the use of response surface methodoloy.METHODS : Experiment factors and levels were first selected on the ground of one factor test.Along with the central composite experimental design principles,the response surface methodoloy with three factors and three levels was adopted in search of multiple quadratic linear regression.Response surface and contour were finally chosen as the extraction rate and the response value respectively.RESULTS: The optimum extraction conditions of the polysaccharides from folium Artemisia argyi were concluded as follows : extraction temperature was at 99 ℃,extraction time was 2.3 hours,ratio of 20.CONCLUSION : Under these conditions,the yield of folium Artemisia argyi polysaecarides is up to 3.017%,extraction rate of the predictive best polysaccharides is 3.096%,and the relative error is 2.6%.

Objective To investigate the training demaneds of nursing administrators in Dongguan district. Method A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigaste 744 nursing supervisors from 68 hospitals in Dongguan. Results Among them, master,bachelor and primary professional title account for 1.35%,60.35%and 30.25%respectively, Risk and crisis manngement and quality control are the main training demands.The influencing factors are as follows,funds,time and supports from leaders or/and by on-the-spot visits.Conclusion The training for the nursing administrators should be need-oriented in different forms.

Diabetic foot infection may hamper wound healing and lead to non-traumatic amputation in diabetes patients and early diagnosis and proper treatment can improve prognosis.In this review,the progress in classification,influencing factors,diagnostic methods and local treatment of diabetic foot infection is introduced.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that eucommia bark can promote bone marrow stern cells (BMSCs) differentiated into osteoblasts, but relative mechanism is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of eucommia bark water/methanol extracts on expressions of osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegedn (OPG) in rat BMSCs. METHODS: Totally 2 g eucommia bark powder were added into water or methanol to 16 mL and oscillated for 1 hour at room temperature. After soaked overnight, both extracts were centrifuged at 15 000 r/min for 10 minutes. Water extract was obtained from supernatant in water soaked powder. In methanol soaked powder, methanol extracts was obtained by concentrated supernatant in vacuo and resolved using 16 mL water. Water and methanol extracts were then filtered by 0.22 μm membrane, and conserved at -20℃. Six SD rats, aged 2 months, were selected, and the 3~(rd)passage of BMSCs were induced by water or methanol extracts with dilution of 1 × 10~(-2), 1 × 10~(-3), 1 × 10~(-4) and 1 × 10~(-5), respectively. PBS was added in the negative control group. All cells were cultured for 6 days. Expressions of OPN and OPG was measured by immunocytochemistry at 6 days with induction. The expression of OPN and OPG induced by water and methanol at 1 ×10~(-3) and 1×10~(-4) dilution was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunocytochemistrical results indicated that both water and methanol extracts of eucommia bark simulated OPN and OPG expression, in particular with dilution of 1×10~(-4). The methanol extracts had a stronger effect than water extract, but the expression of OPG did not change obviously. RT-PCR demonstrated that at the 3rd day of inducement, the level of OPN expression induced by water extract was higher than that of methanol extract, and no OPG expression was detected. Osteogenic differentiation of rat MSCs induced by eucommia bark water/methanol extracts relates to stimulating expression of OPN, which has no correlation to OPG. OPN expression induced by water extract is early than that of methanol extract.

Objective To evaluate the risk assessment model of Cryptosporidium laboratory,so as to provide the basis for laboratory personnel engaging in the operation of Cryptosporidium. Methods Firstly,the risk factors of Cryptosporidium infec?tion in laboratory were determined by the literature and Delphi,and then the weights of risk factors were determined by fuzzy an?alytic hierarchy process. A risk assessment model for laboratory biosafety of Cryptosporidium was established. Results Com?pared to the indexes,based on the risk assessment model,stool sample processing was the two steps in the laboratory with high risk of infection and high risk factors,with the combination weights of risk possibility and hazard rating were 0.111 and 0.107, respectively. Conclusion The risk assessment model established is feasible. It can be used to make some suggestions for the re?lated laboratory staff.

Objective Though measuring the expression levels of blood aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1),to explore the relationship between the expression levels and chronic arsenic poisoning induced skin changes.Methods Totally 233 residents were selected in Hanggin Rear Banner arsenic exposure area of Bayannur City,according to water arsenic concentrations,these people were divided into control (＜ 10 μg/L,55 people),low (10-＜ 100 μg/L,47),medium (100-＜ 200 μg/L,45) and high (≥200 pg/L,86) arsenic exposure groups.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of blood AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA,which were presented in median and quartile [M (Q1-Q3)],and the relationships between their expression levels and keratosis,depigmentation of skin were analyzed.Results The relative expression levels of AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA in high-dose groups were 3.18 × 10-3 (2.42 × 10-3-4.45 × 10-3) and 1.58 × 10-3 (0.80 ×10-3-2.73 × 10-3),which were higher than those in control groups [2.30 × 10-3 (1.53 × 10-3-3.20 × 10-3) and 1.00 × 10-3 (0.59 × 10-3-2.09 × 10-3)],and the difference were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,the detectable rates of arsenic poisoning,keratosis and depigmentation of skin were higher,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =20.187,15.848,21.595,all P ＜ 0.05).The detectable rates of arsenic poisoning,keratosis and depigmentation of skin were increased with increase of water arsenic concentrations (x2 =19.012,15.269,16.868,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with normal [2.54 × 10-3 (1.79 × 10-3-3.43 × 10-3),2.57 × 10-3 (1.78 × 10-3-3.52 × 10-3)],AhR mRNA relative expression levels [4.45 × 10-3 (3.47 × 10-3-8.04 × 10-3),4.45 × 10-3 (4.02 × 10-3-6.25 × 10-3)] of degree Ⅲ keratosis and depigmentation of skin were increased,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Chronic arsenic exposure affects the expression level of AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA.Blood AhR mRNA expression may have relationship with endemic arsenic poisoning induced skin change,but blood CYP1A1 mRNA expression may have nothing to do with endemic arsenic poisoning induced skin change.

OBJECTIVE To study and find reasonable methods of nursing care of incision through analyzing the risk factors in liver transplant patients.METHODS A total of 416 liver transplantation operations in our hospital from Sep 2004 to May 2006 were evaluated.The risk factors that resulted in the incision infection were considered.RESULTS The incision infection rate was decreased from 13.9% to 4.3% after improvement.CONCLUSIONS Nursing care is of great significance in preventing the incision infection in liver transplant patients.

Objective:To evaluate the application value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in guiding the postoperative radiothera-py plan of the gliomas adjacent to the corticospinal tract (CST). Methods:Thirty patients with gliomas adjacent to the CST underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast-enhanced scanning and DTI after radiotherapy. Tractography data sets were ac-quired and were fused with the images of corresponding anatomical MRI and computed tomography. The acquired data sets of radio-therapy planning system were imported to assist with the delineation of the target volume, organs at risk, and CST. Two sets of radio-therapy plan, which considered or did not consider the dose protective effect of the CST, were formulated and compared using the treat-ment technique of intensity modulated radiotherapy. Results:The protective radiotherapy and unprotected plans both achieved the thera-peutic dose to the target volume and the protection of the routine organs at risk. In the protective dose (with an optimization program that considered the dose reduction of CST), the maximum and mean radiation doses suffered by the patients' ipsilateral and contra-later-al CSTs were lower compared with the unprotected plan (P<0.05). Conclusion:DTI can identify the location and shape of CSTs, and their relationship with the postoperative radiotherapy target of gliomas. These findings contribute to the formulation of a protective ra-diotherapeutic regimen to keep the CST from the maximum and the mean radiation doses to the largest extent, thereby decreasing the possibility of nerve damage after radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-FMRI) in guiding the dose reduction and functional protection of the motor cortex during postoperative radiotherapy for brain astrocytoma.Methods This study included 27 brain astrocytoma patients with tumors near the motor cortex,who underwent routine MRI and BOLD-FMRI before postoperative radiotherapy.The location and scope of the motor cortex,which were acquired based on BOLD-FMRI results,were marked on positioning CT images,so that the motor cortex would be dealt with as organs at risk.The dose to the motor cortex was reduced as much as possible while ensuring the therapeutic dose to the target area.Finally,the radiotherapy plan that would reduce the mean received dose of the motor cortex was formulated and compared with the routine plan that could not reduce the received dose.Results With the protective radiotherapy plan,the mean received dose of the motor cortex decreased 0.76％-59.20％ (mean 30.78％) on the affected side and 23.33％-68.30％ (mean 48.07％) on the unaffected side;the coefficients of variation were 71.41％ on the affected side and 36.71％ on the unaffected side.Conclusions BOLD-FMRI can help to reduce the received dose of the motor cortex while ensuring the therapeutic dose to the target area when formulating the postoperative radiotherapy plan for brain astrocytoma,thus protecting the motor function and improving patients' quality of life.