To establish a set of perfect teaching quality management system in laboratory medicine based on ISO 9000 standard and teaching reality in laboratory medicine will be helpful to the improvement of teaching quality and management ability and sustainable development of laboratory medicine.

Objective To explore the value of the combined detection of helper T lymphocyte (Th)1 and 2 type cytokines ex‐pression in the evaluation of acute pancreatitis severity and treatment efficacy .Methods From May 2009 to June 2013 ,the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA ) was adopted to detect the expression levels of Th1‐type cytokineinterferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and Th2‐type cytokine interleukin (IL)‐4 in 32 cases of mild acute pancreatitis (MAP group) and 18 cases of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP group) on 1 ,4 ,7 d after admission as well as 15 cases of normal healthy people (control group) .Results The test results of IFN‐γ on 1 ,4 ,7 d after admission in the MAP group were (31 .47 ± 4 .35) ,(36 .92 ± 4 .12) ,(49 .09 ± 4 .97)ng/L ,which of IL‐4 were (54 .72 ± 5 .52) ,(45 .26 ± 4 .89) ,(39 .79 ± 3 .85)ng/L .The test results of IFN‐γ on 1 ,4 ,7 d after admission in the SAP group were (23 .97 ± 5 .39) ,(26 .29 ± 3 .47) ,(33 .64 ± 4 .47)ng/L ,and which of IL‐4 were (70 .45 ± 5 .05) ,(65 .99 ± 4 .58) ,(56 .23 ± 4 .23)ng/L .The test results of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 in the normal control group were (49 .26 ± 20 .67)ng/L and (35 .15 ± 16 .32)ng /L respectively .Compared with the normal control group ,the expressions of Th1‐type cytokine IFN‐γ in the MAP group (except which on 7 d) and peripheral blood Th1‐type cytokine IFN‐γ in the SAP group were decreased and the expression of Th2‐type cyto‐kine IL‐4 was increased ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) ;The test results of each index in the same treatment time had statistically significant differences between the SAP group and the MAP group (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The obvious po‐larization of Th1‐type cytokine and Th2‐type cytokine exists in acute pancreatitis ,and the polarization degree is related with the se‐verity of disease .The combined detection of Th1‐type cytokine and Th2‐type cytokine is beneficial to judge the extent of serious condition and treatment effect of acute pancreatitis .

Promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis has a long history in peripherial blood vessel diseases treatment.Based on years of practice,the paper illustrated common methods and principles of treatment on pheripherial blood vessel diseases in promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis treatment,which gives us new ideas on importance of peripherial blood vessel diseases treatment with promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis.

[Objective]To evaluate the clinical effect of the plastic splint on treatment of Colles fracture.[Method]A total of 105 patients with Colles fracture were collected between September 2002 and August 2008.All patients were perfromed using the plastic splint afrer diaplasis.According to Gartland and Werley scoring syste,the function of wrist was evaluated after 3 months.[Result]There are only 2 cases losing during treatment,103 cases were finished.The average excellent to good case was 90.3%,including 80 cases of being excellent,13 of being good,7 of being fair and 3 of being poor.[Conclusion]The plastic splint is exactly effective to treatment Colles fracture,especially,it could effectively relieve swelling and improve the contour of the wrists.Theses all rely on reasonable biomechanics design.

Objective To investigate the major types and clinical manifestations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)mutations in Chinese patients with Leber′s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON). Methods A total of 119 patients with bilateral optic neuropathy from 117 pedigrees, including 37 with determinate diagnosis of LHON(group A) and 82 with suspected LHON(group B),were tested for mtDNA mutations by using single-strand conformational polymorphism, mutation-specific primer polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Pertinent clinical data and history of the patients with the 11778 mutation were collected. Results Nucleotide positions(np)11778 mutation and np 14484 mutation was found in 33 (89.2%) and 3 (8.1%) patients respectively in group A, while np 11778 mutation was obtained in 26 (31.7%)in group B. No 3460 mutation was found in group A or B. The clinical manifestations of 59 patients with np 11778 mutation were as follows: acute or chronic visual loss,no ophthalmalgia, the age of onset of 10-25, and either a central or paracentral scotoma in perimetry. The visual recovery rate was 8.6%～11.6%. Conclusion Chinese patients with LHON have a very high incidence of np 11778 mutation and the clinical manifestations of the patients with np 11778 mutation are similar to those of Caucasian patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of desflurane inhalation on pulmonary alveolar-capillary membrane permeability and the inflammatory cell counts in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats weighing 200-290 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 100mg?kg-1 , tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated. PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg (VT 8 ml?kg-1 , RR 65-70 bpm). Right carotid artery and left femoral vein were cannulated for BP monitoring and fluid and drug administration. The animals were randomly divided into four group with 12 animals in each group : (1) control group received normal saline (NS) 1.2 ml i.v. followed by 4 h mechanical ventilation; (2) LPS group received LPS (055:B5, Sigma) 5 mg?kg-1 followed by 4h mechanical ventilation; (3)Desflurane group A and B received LPS 5 mg? kg-1 followed by desflurane inhalation for 4 h at 1 MAC (desflurane group A) or 1.5 MAC (desflurane group B) . Six animals in each group received Evans blue 50 mg?kg-1 at the beginning of the experiment for determination of pulmonary alveolar-capillary membrane permeability at the end of the experiment. The animals were sacrificed by exsanguinations at the end of 4h mechanical ventilation. Blood was collected for determination of total plasma protein concentration. Lungs were removed. The right lung was lavaged and BALF was collected for determination of protein content, and differential inflammatory cell counts. The left lung was used for microscopic examination. The morphologic changes were scored 0-3 (0 = normal, 3 = severe morphologic changes). In addition wet/dry lung weight ratio, pulmonary permeability index (BALF protein concentration /total plasma protein concentration?10-3 ) and mortality rate were also determined. Results In group 3 (desflurane 1 MAC) W/D lung weight ratio and lung water content significantly increased compared with those in LPS group. In group 4 ( desflurane 1.5 MAC) W/D lung weight ratio, lung water content, pulmonary permeability index, Evans blue content in lung tissue, morphological change scores and mortality rate were all significantly increased compared with LPS group (group 2). There was no significant difference in total and differential inflammatory cell counts in BALF between group 2 and 4.Conclusion Desflurane inhalation is detrimental to the lungs acutely injured by endotoxin in a dose-dependent manner.

0℃ to

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane and desflurane on ultrastructure of the lung and pulmonary surfactant-related protein A (SP-A) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentrations in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid ( HALF). Methods Fifty healthy Wistar rats of either sex weighing 200-280 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each) : group Ⅱ control; group Ⅱ sevoflurane 1.0 MAC (S1); group Ⅲ sevoflurane 1.5 MAC (S2); group Ⅳ desflurane 1.0 MAC (D1) and group Ⅴ desflurane 1.5 MAC (D2). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 100 mg?kg-1 , tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated (VT = 8 ml?kg-1 , RR = 65-70 bpm) . PETCO2 was maintained at 35-40 mm Hg. In control group the animals received mechanical ventilation for 4 h without any inhalation anesthetic. In group Ⅳ - Ⅴ sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia was maintained for 4 h. The animals were then killed and the lungs removed for microscopic examination with electron microscope and broncho-alveolar lavage. The HALF was collected for determination of SP-A and PC concentrations. Results In control group the type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells were round or oval in shape, abundant in cytoplasma. The microvilli were only slightly destroyed.The lamellar bodies were structurally intact and concentrically arranged. While in group S1, S2, D1 and D2 the microvilli were destroyed to a greater degree and became shorter. The lamellar bodies were decreased in number with many vacuoles. The SP-A and PC concentrations in BALF were significantly decreased in group S1, S2, D1 and D2 as compared to control group. Conclusion Inhalation of different concentrations of isoflurane or desflurane for 4 h reduces the number of lamellar bodies with vacuolization and SP-A and PC concentrations in BALF indicating decreased synthesis of pulmonary surfactant.

0 05) Conclusions Autotransfusion has less effect on patient′s T lymphocyte immune function, while allogenic transfusion can obviously inhibit patient′s T lymphocyte immune function

Objective To evaluate the power of the PowerPlex?6 system for paternity testing. Method 633 cases of paternity testing were studied. After the megaplex STR amplification, the PCR products were genotyped by using the ABI377 DNA Sequencer. Results Among the 879 unrelated individuals, 197 alleles and 739 different genotypes were observed. The cumulated discriminating power was 1x 10-30. And the cumulative chance of exclusion was 0.999999999999987. 95 out of 633 cases were excluded. The RCP of all unexcluded cases were ≥0.9990. Gene mutations were found in 19 cases. Conclusion The Po-werPlex?16 system is powerful and reliable for paternity testing.