Objective The coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is a coronary artery disease with a benign course,but its pathological mechanisms are not yet fully understood.The purpose of this controlled study was to investigate the cellular content of blood in patients diagnosed with CSFP and the relationship of this with coronary flow rates.Methods Coronary angiographies of 3368 patients were selected to assess thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC) values.Seventy eight of them had CSFP,and their demographic and laboratory findings were compared with 61 patients with normal coronary flow.Results Patients'demographic characteristics were similar in both two groups.Mean corrected TFC (cTFC) values were significantly elevated in CSFP patients (P ＜ 0.001).Furthermore,hematocrit and hemoglobin values,and eosinophil and basophil counts of the CSFP patients were significantly elevated compared with the values obtained in the control group (P =0.005,P =0.047,P =0.001 and P =0.002).The increase observed in hematocrit and eosinophil levels showed significant correlations with increased TFC values (r =0.288 and r =0.217).Conclusion Significant changes have been observed in the cellular composition of blood in patients diagnosed with CSFP as compared to the patients with normal coronary blood flow.The increases inhematocrit levels and in the eosinophil and basophil counts may have direct or indirect effects on the rate of coronary blood flow.

Discipline development is the core power of hospital development,which is highly emphasized by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals.To meet the demands of public hospitals reform and requirements of municipal hospitals development,performance evaluation is used as a tool for municipal hospitals in their fine management.This paper introduced the research performance evaluation system and index design of Beijing’s municipal hospitals,with a summary and analysis the operating and practices.

Objective To explore the possible risk factors that influence bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 80 elderly men with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. The BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). And fasting blood and urine samples were taken to check the biochemical levels of bone metabolism and blood glucose. The correlations between BMD and other related factors were analyzed. Results In this group, the prevalence rates of osteoporosis and osteopenia were 18. 6% and 53.8%, respectively. Body mass and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with BMD at all sites (r=0. 202～0. 298, P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). However, age and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) were negatively correlated with BMD of lumbar and femoral neck (r=-0. 172～-0. 211 ,all P<0. 05). Leptin was not only positively correlated with the BMD of femoral neck and Ward's triangle, but also with body mass, BMI, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol and HbAlc (r=0. 219 ～ 0. 509, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Using stepwise regression analysis, body mass was the predictor of BMD at all sites assessed, while the HbAlc and leptin levels could respectively influence BMD at femoral neck and Ward's triangle (r~2= 0. 196 ～ 0. 276, all P< 0. 01). Conclusions It may suggest that differential factors predict the variance of BMD at different sites in elderly men with type 2 diabetes.

[Objective] To observe the effect of stanozolol on proliferation and differentiation of cultured growth plate chondrocytes in vitro.[Methods] At 3 week of age,Sprague–Dawley rats received 2.5 mg/kg in slow-released GnRHa (triptorelin) which was repeated every 2 weeks for 2 times,at 7-week old.The tibial growth plate cartilage were aseptically dissected and tripsin and EDTA digested for 0.5 h,then collagenase digested for 3 h at 37 ℃.Chondrocytes were cultured in DMEM:F12 medium for 48 h,the cells were starved for 24 h in serum-free DMEM:F12 medium before stanozolol treatment.In dose-effect groups,chondrocytes were incubated in serum-free media in various concentrations of stanozolol for 48 h.In time-course groups,chondrocytes were incubated in serum-free media in various times of stanozolol (10-8 mol/L).immunohistochemical staining of collagen Ⅱ,Ⅹ,PCNA,and MTT were conducted.[Results] The results of MTT,PCNA,and typeⅡcollagen synthesization demonstrated stanozolol enhanced the proliferation of the chondrocytes,time-course studies had shown that the proliferation were maximally stimulated by stanozolol after 2 or 3 days of incubation and decreased again after longer periods of incubation.Stanozolol stimulated the proliferation of the chondrocytes dose-dependently at 10-11 mol/L and 10-8 mol/L,maximally stimulatory concentrations of Stanozolol was 10-9 ～ 10-8 mol/L,and decreased again after higher concentration of stanozolol.Stanozolol did not stimulated type X collagen synthesization from 10-11 mol/L ～ 10-8 mol/L,but experiments showed that type X collagen was already stimulated after incubation in Stanozolol (10-7 ～ 10-5 mol/L).Time-course studies had shown those typeⅩcollagen synthesizations were stimulated by stanozolol after 4 ～ 5 days of incubation.[Conclusion] Stanozolol enhances the proliferation of chondrocytes of pubertal female rat treated with GnRHa in vitro (time-course- dependent and concentration -dependent).

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy in which a subject is approached in the context of realistic problems.We have applied PBL into intemnal medicine of general medicine for up to three years.The results suggest that the PBL method could promote the clinical competencies and self-learning capacities of students.However there is still room for improvement.

Objective To measure the correlation between the levels of blood serum nitric oxide(NO) ,the activity of nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) and depression.Methods 136 patients with depression were diagnosed by CCMD-3 and 120 healthy control subjects were included in the study.NO and NOS levels in blood serum of both groups were tested, and the variation of NO and NOS between the two groups were compared.Results The blood se-rum NO levels[ (70.05±10.34)μmol/L w.(67.17±16.52) μmol/L] and the activity of NOS [(29.49±5.12)U/L vs.(26.99±2.87) U/L] in the patients with depression were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The blood serum NO levels and the activity NOS in the treatment patients was lower than the oth-er patients[(74.42±8.80) μmol/L vs.(78.81±12.28) μmol/L;(27.71±5.46)U/L vs.( 30.49±4.65 )U/L,P <0.05].Conclusion The blood serum NO levels and the activity of NOS increase in the patients with de-pression.NO might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression.The antidepressants might descend the NO levels so to relieving depression.

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects of a combination of Kanglaite injection (KI) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on human pancreatic cancer SW1990 xenograft in nude mice.Methods The animal model of human pancreatic cancer was developed by suturing small pieces of SW1990 tumors into the dorsum of nude mice.60 rats were randomly divided into six groups:group A ( control group without treatment),group B ( receiving 1.25g/kg KI via the tail vein prior to PDT and continuously for 10 days),group C (receiving 2.5g/kg KI via the tail vein continuously for 10 days),group D (PDT group,2 mg/kg Photosan 48h prior to laser irradiation),group E ( group B + group D),group F ( group C + group D)with 10 rats in each group.The tumor sizes were measured twice per week.The mice were sacrificed on the 14th day of PDT treatment.The tumor was took out and weighted and the tumor inhibitory rate was analyzed.Results The tumor volumes of group A to F were 9550.08±52.46)mm3,(519.71±46.44)mm3,(405.29±38.67 ) mm3,( 199.27±37.37) mm3,( 107.47±14.13 ) mm3 and (75.58±12.53 )mm3,the weight of group A to F were (0.82±0.08)g,(0.77±0.06)g,(0.61±0.06)g,(0.41±0.05)g,(0.28±0.04)gand (0.16±0.04)g,respectively.The tumor volumes and tumor weights of the two combined groups were significandy smaller than those in the other groups (P＜0.05).The combination group of 1.25 g/kg KI increased the tumor inhibitory rate from 50% in PDT group to 65.9%.The combination group of 2.5 g,/kg KI increased the tumor inhibitory rate to 80.5%.Conclusions KI had attenuated effect on PDT therapy,and the combination of KI and PDT could significantly inhibit the tumor growth.

Objective To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) gene polymorphism and cerebral infarction patients with different gender and etiological typing. Methods A total of 91 patients with cerebral infarction aged≥60 years ( cerebral infarction group) were enrolled. They were divided into either a large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke group (n=37) or a small artery occlusion (SAO) stroke group (n=54) according to the Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) classification. A total of 105 age-,sex-,and residence-matched healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. A Nested Allele-Specific Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Method was used to detect the ApoE gene polymorphism. The ApoE gene polymorphism of cerebral infarction of different gender and etiological typing were compared. Results ( 1 ) ApoE Genotypes of E2/2, E2/3, E2/4, E3/3, and E3/4 were detected,but the ApoE E4/4 was not detected. (2) There were no significant differences in the frequencies of ApoE genotypes and each gene carrier frequency between the cerebral infarction group and the control group (all P>0. 05). There was significant difference in ApoE genotype frequencies and each gene carrier frequency of the males between the cerebral infarction group and the control group (P<0. 01,P<0. 05). Both the E3/3 genotype frequency (56. 1%) and ε3 carrier frequency (78. 0%) of the cerebral infarction group were lower than the males of the control group ( 79. 2% and 89. 6% respectively );both the E3/4 genotype frequency (31. 7%) and ε4 carrier frequency (15. 9%) were higher than the control group (7. 5% and 3. 8%respectively). There was no significant differences in the ApoE genotype frequency and gene carrier frequency in female participants between the two groups (all P>0. 05). (3) There were no significant differences in the ApoE genotype frequency and gene carrier frequency among the LAA,SAO,and control groups. There was significant difference in the ApoE genotype frequency and gene carrier frequency in males between the LAA group and the control group (P>0. 01);the genotype frequencies of E2/3 and E3/E3 (6. 7% and 46. 7%),ε2,as well as theε3 carrier frequency (3. 3% and 73. 3%) of LAA were lower than those of the control group (13. 2%,79. 2%,6. 6%,and 89. 6%,respectively);the E3/4 genotype frequency andε4 carrier frequency of the LAA subtype were 46. 7% and 23. 3% respectively. They were all higher than 7. 5% and 3. 8% in the control group. However,there were no significant differences in males among the SAO group,the control group,and the 3 groups of females ( the LAA subtype,SAO subtypes,and the control group) (P>0. 05). Conclusion ε4 gene may be a risk factor for LAA in males. The association of ApoE gene polymorphism with cerebral infarction in females is not found.

Objective To evaluate the impact of vagal denervation (VD) that is derived from circumferential ablation of pulmonary vein ostium for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) on the therapeutic results. Methods A total of 50 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were enrolled in this study. Circumferential ablation of pulmonary vein ostium was carried out in all the patients. The end point of ablation was pulmonary vein electricity isolation. The patients in whom VD occurred during the performance of ablation were regarded as VD- positive group (n = 19), and the remaining patients were used as VD- negative group (n = 31). The recurrence rate of AF six months after the treatment was recorded, and the results were compared between the two groups. Results The end point of ablation was successfully achieved in all the fifty cases. Six months after the ablation, the therapeutic effect of VD- positive group was significantly better than that of VD- negative group (84.21% vs 64.51%, P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The vagal denervation effect that is derived from circumferential ablation of pulmonary vein ostium in treating AF can significantly increase the success rate of radiofrequency ablation for AF.

Objective To explore the relationship of apolipoprotein E(ApoE) and its gene polymorphism with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Ninety-seven qualified CHD patients involving phlegm syndrome(PS),blood-stasis syndrome(BSS),and phlegm and blood stasis syndrome(PBSS) were adopted.Thirty-five healthy volunteers were enrolled into the control group.Serum ApoE level was examined in all of the subjects,and their whole blood DNA were extracted for the detection of ApoE gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Correlation analysis of the data was performed with SPSS11.0 software.Results The difference of diabetes mellitus,smoking,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was significant between CHD patients and healthy volunteers(P