Objective:To investigate the bacterial spectrum of ventilator-associated pneumonia and children bacterial infection.Methods:Specimens cultured for bacteria isolated from in patients with sucpectail bacterial infection and 31 cases with mechanical ventilator during 2002 were analysed.Results:Gram positive cocci counted for 45.5%,and gram negative bacilli counted for 53%,while gram positive cocci counted for 7.4%,and gram negative bacilli counted for 88.5% in PICU.The main organisms with VAP were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii and fungus.Conclusion:Gram negative bacilli have become the major pathogens in PICU and caused VAP,which put up multi-resistance to most commonly used antibiotics.

Objective To develop positive personality scale for the university students (PPTSUS).Methods According to the hypothesis lexicology,interviewing,literature study and questionnaire survey were used to develop the structure and items of the PPSUS.Using cluster random sampling method,total 1100 undergraduates were tested with PPTSUS.Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.Results Exploratory principal component analysis of the items identified that the scale had 11 factors.The reliability test,Cronbach'α coefficient,split-half and test-retest correlation coefficients were 0.931,0.900 and 0.835 respectively for the total scale.The correlations between the factors and total scores were all bigger than 0.499 (P＜ 0.01).And in the validate factor analysis,x 2/df was 1.91,RMSEA was 0.045,NNFI was 0.742,and CFI was 0.856.Conclusion The PPSUS has good construct validity,excellent levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability.And it achieves the basic demand of psychometrics.

ObjectiveTo examine the characteristic of criminal parenting styles and personality.Methods 379 prisoners took part in by using EMBU and PDQ-4 +.Results ( 1 ) There exist significant difference of parenting styles as parental emotional warmth and understanding,rejection and deny,punishment and strictness among the different criminals type (F =5.70,3.45,3.61,4.66,4.13,2.79,P ＜ 0.01 ).(2) There exist significant difference of total PDQ-4 + scores and the subscales for different type of personality disorder except obsessive-compulsive and schizotypal personality disorder among different criminals type (F =7.67,4.06,14.02,6.94,4.20,4.19,4.01,7.52,7.21,7.21,9.11 ; P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ). ( 3 ) There were negative correlations between the score in the subscales for different type of personality disorder except obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and the factor of parental emotional warmth and understanding ( r =- 0.12 ～ - 0.32 ; P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ).And there were positive correlations between the score in the all subscales for different type of personality disorder and the factors of parental rejection and deny,punishment and strictness ( r=0.11 ～ 0.42 ; P＜ 0.01 or P＜ 0.05).(4)Paternal punishment and strictness,maternal emotional warmth and understanding,maternal partiality make a certain prediction about characteristic of criminal personality.ConclusionThere exist different characteristic of criminal parenting styles and personality among different criminal type,and some parenting styles make a certain prediction about characteristic of criminal personality characteristics.

Objective To evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25 (OH)D3] and arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Three hundred patients with CKD were included,and were divided into two groups based on serum 25(OH)D3 levels:vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D3 ＜ 20 μg/L] and vitamin D non-deficient [25(OH)D3≥20 μg/L].Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV),which reflected arterial stiffness,was calculated using the single-point method.Clinical data were collected in details.Correlation between serum 25(OH)D3 level and baPWV was assessed by the single factor correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 62.7％(188/300).The concentration of 25(OH)D3 was (17.62±8.54) μg/L in total patients,but was (12.38±4.55) μg/L and (26.44±6.05) μg/L in the subgroups of vitamin D deficient and non-deficient,respectively(P ＜ 0.01).There was a higher value of baPWV in the group of vitamin D deficient than that of vitamin D non-deficient (1 827.34±429.11 vs 1 555.31 ±353.14,P ＜ 0.01).Serum 25(OH)D3 level and baPWV was negatively correlated in total patients(r=-0.38,P ＜ 0.01) and each stage of CKD(stage 2-5)[r=-0.30,P ＜ 0.05; r=-0.26,P ＜ 0.05; r=-0.46,P ＜ 0.01; r=-0.57,P ＜ 0.01].Multiple linear regression analysis showed that vitamin D level was independently associated with baPWV(Model 1:β=-0.18,P ＜ 0.01; Model 2:β=-0.17,P=0.01).Both models accounted for 50％ (R2=0.50) of total variance of baPWV.Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is common in CKD,and a low 25(OH)D3 level is significantly associated with increased arterial stiffness in these patients.Clinical intervention studies are needed to clarify whether treatment with vitamin D decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD.

Aquatic plant duckweed can enrich high concentration of arsenic, it is thus used as the representative of phytofiltration.The mechanism of arsenic tolerance in duckweeds has received much concern.In this study, synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) techniques were used to study the micro-distribution and speciation of arsenic in natural As-rich duckweed from lead-zinc mine.Two monolithic duckweeds, FP1 and FP2, were analyzed by micro SRXRF, setting single point scan time and spot size were 5 s, 70 μm×80 μm and 2 s, 100 μm×100 μm respectively.Six points of FP2 were selected and analyzed by micro XANES in energy range of 11.81-11.96 keV.Pressed-pellet duckweed was analyzed by bulk XANES in energy range of 11.67-12.27 keV.The result showed that As(Ⅲ) was the major speciation of duckweed from bulk XANES and micro-XANES data.SRXRF micro analysis showed that arsenic had significant vein distribution in duckweed, and was not spread into the photosynthetic mesophyll within certain concentration, which may reduce the leaf toxicity triggered by arsenic.This vein distribution may play a role in arsenic tolerance in duckweed.

Objective To investigate the expression of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ iodothyronine deiodinases (D2 and D3 ) of human placenta on pregnant women with different thyroid diseases and different autoimmunity.Methods Pregnant women with different thyroid diseases and autoimmunity were selected into the experiment group,and pregnant women who had no individual or family history of thyroid diseases with normal thyroid function and negative thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were selected into the control group.Expression level of iodothyronine deiodinase( D2 and D3 )on placenta was measured by RT-PCR.Results D2 and D3 were both expressed on human placenta.D2 showed significantly higher expression level in hypothyroidism uncontrolled group than that in control group ( 0.916 ± 0.035 vs 0.833 ± 0.029,P ＜ 0.05 ),however,D3 showed a lower expression(0.766 ±0.038 vs 0.848 ±0.052),on placenta and the difference was not significant(P ＞ 0.05 ).In those who had history of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism but whose thyroid function become normal by effective treatment,D2 and D3 expression exhibited no difference from that of the control(P ＞ 0.05).In those pregnant women with normal thyroid function and TPOAb-positive,D2 and D3 expression was (0.842 ± 0.032 ) and ( 0.837 ± 0.053 ) respectively and there was also no difference from that of the control( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion D2 and D3 were simultaneously expressed on human placenta.In those pregnant women with hypothyroidism,the level of D2 expression is high and the level of D3 expression is low.Those changes might be important and helpful for the stabilization of thyroid hormone transportation between mother and fetus.

Objective To explore the relationship between aggressive behavior and attachment styles for adult prisoners.Methods A sample of 413 criminals filled out measures for Aggression Questionnaire and Adult Attachment Scale.Results There existed significant differences of anxiety,anger,hostility,physical attacks and the total score of AQ among different criminals type (F =2.80,5.80,5.15,16.82,10.69,P ＜ 0.001 or P ＜ 0.05).And there existed significant differences of anxiety,anger,hostility,physical attacks,verbal attacks and the total score of AQ among different adult attachment style (F =18.14,34,17,7,83,22,75,P ＜ 0.01).The close dimension of AAS was significantly negatively related with anger,hostility,physical attacks and the total score of AQ (r =-0.15--0.20,P ＜ 0.01).And the anxiety dimension of AAS was significantly positively related with anger,hostility,physical attacks,verbal attacks and the total score of AQ(r =0.30-0.52,P ＜ 0.01).Regression analysis found that anxiety dimension and close dimension of AAS were fairly effective variables in the prediction of the criminal attacks.Conclusion There are close relationships between aggressive behavior and adult attachment for criminals.The anxiety dimension and close dimension make a certain prediction to the criminal attacks.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of paricalcitol ( P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the under-lying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy ( DN) .METHODS:DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal in-jection of streptozotocin after fasting.The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: the DN rats in paricalcitol-inter-vened group ( group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4μg/kg (3 times a week);the DN rats in DN group ( group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol.Normal control group ( group C) was also set up.The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks.The biochemical indexes were measured.The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4,β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS:(1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D ( P<0.05 ) .( 2 ) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in-creased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05).(3) The ex-pression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05).Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 andβ-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05).(4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 andβ-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.

Objective To examine the relationship of coping style,psychological capital and vocational selection anxiety for female college graduates.Methods A sample of 330 female college graduates filled out measures for the simplified coping styles questionnaire (SCSQ),Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and vocational selection anxiety Questionnaire(VSAQ).Results Correlation analysis showed that except the self-efficacy and positive coping style collected with concerns about job prospects was not significant (r=-0.08-0.05,P＞0.05),each dimensions of PCQ and SCSQ significantly correlated with the each dimensions of VSAQ (r=-0.44--0.13 or r=0.21-0.28,P＜0.01).Regression analysis showed that negative coping style,resilience,hope and positive coping style could directly predict vocational selection anxiety.Psychological capital were the mediators between positive coping styles and vocational selection anxiety.Conclusion Coping styles and psychological capital are closely related to the female college graduates' vocational selection anxiety,using appropriate coping styles and improving mental ability can effectively reduce vocational selection anxiety.

Objective To investigate the expression and biological function of miRNA-449 a in lung cancer . Methods A case-control study was conducted in 58 patients diagnosed with lung cancer ( carcinoma and adeno-carcinoma) and normal tissue closely adjacent to tumor.MiRNA-449a simulation was designed and synthesized, was dissolved into two different concentrations as 10 and 20 mg/mL.The expression of miRNA-449a in lung cancer tissues and matched normal tissues were detected by Real time PCR .The expression of luciferase gene was detected by chemiluminescence technique.MiRNA-449a mimics on cell apoptosis was evaluated by MTT assay . Results The mean tissues expression levels of miRNA-449 a in squamous carcinoma group and adenocarcinoma group were 1.48 ±1.63 and 1.52 ±1.54 respectively, and were significantly lower than in control group (2.74 ± 1.55 ) ( P<0.01 ) .The average intensity of fluorescent protein in 10 mg/mL group and 20 mg/mL group were 2 115 ±168 and 1 352 ±159 respectively , and were significantly lower than that in control group ( 4 975 ±115 ) ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions MiRNA-449 a was down-regulated expression in lung cancer and induced apoptosis .