Objective To systematically study the development and morphological changes of Taenia solium cysticerci in the period from the appearance to maturation. Methods Pigs were orally infected with T.solium eggs. Autopsies were made periodically to get tissue specimens and examine the distribution of cysticerci. Cysticerci were excised, pressed between two microscopic slides for microscopical observation. Sections were also made for histological study. Results Cysticerci distributed mainly in muscles, secondly in brain, liver, lung and kidney. The size of cysticerci was highly variable at different parts or even in the same part of the same host. The early stage cysticercus was observed on the 19th day without suckers and hooklets on the scolex region, and was only found in skeletal muscles. Histological examination revealed that early development of the scolex became obvious. No cysticerci were found in other tissues. At 30 d, the cysticerci possessed hooklets and brood suckers. With a longer duration of infection, the diameter of suckers and length of hooklets both increased. Larger suckers and more folds on scolex appeared 60 d later. Morphologically, cysticerci after 60 d were similar to those found at 60 d. Degenerated cysticerci were found at every stage. Conclusion Cysticerci appear in about 19 days after the pig was infected with eggs of T.solium and the duration needed for maturation is about 60 d.

Objective To observe the change of P300(EP) evoked potentials in pre-and-post acupuncture on post-stroke patientsv following depression.Methods According to Hamiltion Rating Scale for Depression(HRS-D),ninty post-stroke patients were divided into two groups: the depression group(n=63) received acupuncture at Ex-HN1 and Siguan Points and the non-depression group(n=31).After assessed and grouped by HRS-D,and one acupuncture therapeutic course for the depression group,two groups' subjects were tested with P300 potentials.Results Before treatment,the latency of P3 of P300 potentials was longer and the amplitude of P3 was lower in the patients of the depression group compared with the cases in the non-depression group;after the acupuncture treatment,the latency of P3 decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the amplitude of P3 increased significantly(P<0.05) in the patients of the depression group.Conclusion P300 potentials test can help find cognitive dysfunction in post-stroke patients following depression at early stage,and acupuncture treatment in time can lessen or eliminate depression motion of post-stroke patients.

Objective To explore the value of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) and 64-slice spiral computed tomography(CT) in the diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease(CHD). Methods Ninety-seven patients diagnosed as CHD by TTE underwent 64-slice spiral CT for cardiovascular examination. The results were compared with the results by cardiovascular angiography and from surgery. Results The total diagnosis accordance rated by TEE was 90. 2% and that by spiral CT was 92.5%. There was no difference in diagnosis accuracy rate between TTE and spiral CT. The diagnosis accuracy rate in intracardiae defomities by TTE was 99.2 %, higher than 87.50% by spiral CT. However, the diagnosis accuracy rate in extracardiac defomities and ventricular-arterial connections was 99. 0% by spiral CT, higher than 78. 6% by TTE. The combination of TTE and spiral CT can raise the diagnosis accuracy rate to 99. 1%. Conclusions TTE is of significant value in complex CHD diagnosis,especially in the diagnosis of intracardiac defomities. The combination of TTE and spiral CT can raise the diagnosis accuracy rate of various kinds of complex CHD.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of intracoronary tirofiban infusion(ICTI) plus percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEAMI). Methods The 128 cases with STEAMI were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into trial group and control group. The 10 μg/kg tirofiban were infused into the infarct related artery (IRA) within 5 minutes through the cather after coronary angiography in trial group (n=64). Normal saline in matched dose was infused into IRA after coronary angiography in control group (n=64). The coronary thrombosis and revascularization status were assessed within 10 minutes after injection. Postoperative bleeding complications were observed in all cases. Adverse cardiovascular events and cardiac function were followed up within 1 month in all cases. Results There were 33 cases whose thrombus burden was reduced within 10 minutes after the infusion of tirofiban in trial group, including 26 cases of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) ≥1. There were 6 cases whose thrombus burden was reduced within 10 minutes after the infusion of normal saline in control group, including 3 cases TIMI ≥ 1. The coronary thrombosis and revascularization status were better in trial group rather than in control group (P＜0.01). Adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 5 cases within 1 month, including 2 cases in trial group and 3 cases in control group (P＞0.05). New York heart association functional class and ejection fraction values were better in trial group rather than in control group within 1 month (P＜0.05). Postoperative bleeding complications occurred in 14 cases by TIMI criteria , including severe and mild bleeding in 2 cases in trial group and 1 cases in control group (P＞0.05), but no significant bleeding occurred in 8 cases in trial group and in 3 cases in control group (P＜0.01). Conclusions The combination of intracoronary infusion of tirofiban plus PCI is effective and safe for thrombolysis and revascularization in IRA in patients with STEAMI.

According to the three orientation cultivating mode,in order to improve quality of experiment teaching in pathogen biology and cultivate innovative talents of medicine the open experi-ment teaching which based on the research projects is applied to optimize the experiment content design, teaching form and comprehensive assessment. For example, In the choice of subject direction more attention are paid to the students' autonomy; In the design of experiment content students' inter-ests should be fully considered;During the course of experiments, the teachers play the role of visitors most of the time; In the experiment evaluation, students' ability of solving problems and their innova-tive ability are included. By participating in research projects, it not only can arouse the enthusiasm of students, but also can cultivate their scientific spirit of innovation and the rigorous scientific attitude.

BACKGROUND:There is controversial on which method is preferred for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures, plate or intramedul ary nail fixation? Some studies have compared the effect of those two methods, but the results are different. While the results of the systematic research and the Meta-analysis on the comparative studies is also different due to the differences in the number and the extraction of the researches.
OBJECTIVE:To systematical y evaluate the efficacy of plating versus intramedul ary nail fixation in the treatment of adult humeral shaft fracture.
METHODS:A computer-based retrieve was conducted in PubMed database, MEDLINE database, Cumulative Index to Nursing&Al ied Health Literature, Evidence-Based Medicine database, CBM database, Wanfang database and CNKI database for the randomized or quasi-randomized control ed trials on the comparison of plating and intramedul ary nail fixation in the treatment of adult humeral shaft fracture. The quality of these trials was critical y assessed according to Jadad. The effective data were extracted for Meta-analysis by Stata 12.0 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y, 15 randomized or quasi-randomized control ed trials were col ected including four quasi-randomized control ed trials and 11 randomized control ed trials. The results showed that intramedul ary nail fixation may increase the risk of complications (odds ratio=0.37(0.19, 0.59), P=0.00). Bias Egger’s test of P=0.91 showed there was no significant publication bias. The risk of re-operation of intramedul ary nail fixation was increased (odds ratio=0.28(0.14, 0.57), P=0.00) with the Egger’s test of P=0.69. The incidence of shoulder impingement of intramedul ary nail fixation was significantly higher than that of pate fixation (odds ratio=0.13(0.05, 0.35), P=0.00), and there were no significant differences in postoperative infection, nonunion, implant failure, iatrogenic nerve palsy, operation time and bone union time between two methods. The results showed that compared with plate fixation, intramedul ary nail fixation may increase the incidence of shoulder impingement, complications and re-operation, while there were significant differences in postoperative infection, nonunion, implant failure, iatrogenic nerve palsy, operation time and bone union time between two methods.

Objective To evaluate the structure and stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) by RFQIMT and RFQAS technology and analyze the relationships between the parameters of CCA and cardiovascular risk factors.Methods 113 participants with habitual snoring suspected OSAS were divided into control group,mild,moderate and severe OSAS groups according to apnea hypopnea index(AHI)＜5,5-20,20-40,＞40 event/hour respectively.Carotid parameters included intima-media thickness (IMT),diameter (D),distension (Dis),distensibility coefficient (DC),compliance coefficient (CC),pulse wave velocity (PWV),stiffness index α and β were collected by RFQIMT and RFQAS.Multivariate linear regression analysis was applied to analyze the relationships between CCA parameters and cardiovascular risk factors.Results ①The clinical characteristics:blood pressure had significant difference among the four groups (P ＜0.05).SO2,SO2 min decreased and T90,ODI increased significantly in mild,moderate and severe group (P ＜0.05).②The structure parameters of CCA:IMT,D and plaques had no significant difference among the four groups (P ＞0.05).③The elasticity parameters of CCA:Compared with control group,Dis increased significantly in mild group (P ＜0.05).PWV,α,β increased significantly in moderate group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with mild group,PWV,α,β increased significantly in moderate group (P ＜0.05).Compared with moderate group,α,β increased significantly in severe group (P ＜0.05).④By multivariate linear regression analysis,age was an independent predictor of IMT,Dis,D,CC,PWV,α,β(P ＜0.05).A blunted nocturnal fall was an independent predictor of D,DC,CC,PWV (P ＜0.05),SBP,DBP and PP of daytime had an important effect on D (P ＜0.05).SO2 was independently correlated with PWV (P ＜0.05).PP was an independent predictor of PWV,α,β (P ＜0.05).Smoking was an independent predictor of plaque (P ＜0.05).Conclusions ①Stiffness is damaged earlier than morphology of CCA in patient with OSAS.②PP,a blunted nocturnal fall and SO2 are correlated with stiffness of CCA significantly.It indicates that abnormal circadian blood pressure rhythm and hypoxia are associated significantly with stiffness of CCA in patient with OSAS.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of ischemic postconditioning on lung ischemic/reperfusion injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in combined mitral and aortic valve replacement,and evaluate the effects of different protocol of ischemic postconditioning,and analyze its possible mechanisms.Methods24 patients diagnosed as rheumatic mitral and aortic valve disease with or without tricuspid valve disease were randomly divided into 3 groups (8 in each):Control group( group A),patients undergoing routine cardiac surgery; Postconditioning group Ⅰ (group B ),patients undergoing routine cardiac surgery and ischemic postconditioning by occlusion of the pulmonary artery of five cycles of 15 s ischemia and 15 s repeffusion before the pulmonary artery totally restoring peffusion; Postconditioning group Ⅱ (group C),patients undergoing routine cardiac surgery and ischemic postconditioning by occlusion of the pulmonary artery of five cycles of 30 s ischemia and 30 s repeffusion before the pulmonary artery totally restoring perfusion.The Oxygenation Index (OI) was measured at pre -operation and 1 h,2 h,3 h,6 h and 12 h after terminating CPB.The plasma contents of MDA were detected by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay at pre -operation,1 h,3 h,6 h and 12 h after terminating CPB.ResultsCompared with group A and C,OI in group B significantly increased at 1 h,2 h,3 h,6 h after terminating CPB (283.25 ±56.47 vs 384.76 ±29.17 vs 310.50 ±65.71,265.75 ±58.78 vs 381.75 ±29.67 vs 310.50 ±48.17,283.75 ±73.15 vs389.74±39.34 vs 317.87 ±78.41,310.37 ±52.00 vs 401.62 ±4 2.89 vs 337.25 ± 64.06,all P ＜0.05),and the plasma contents of MDA in group B reduced at 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h after terminating CPB (4.64±0.63 vs 3.88 ±0.20 vs 4.38 ±0.41,5.75±0.49 vs 4.44 ±0.34 vs 5.28 ±0.76,4.42±0.31vs 3.77 ± 0.40 vs 4.35 ± 0.54,3.74 ± 0.31 vs 3.19 ± 0.17 vs 3.64 ± 0.24,all P ＜ 0.05 ), However,there were no significant differences in OI and MDA between group C and A (all P ＞0.05 ).Conclusions Ischemic postconditioning by occlusion of the pulmonary artery of 5 cycles of 15 s ischemia and 15 s reperfusion attenuates lung oxygenation function injury induced by CPB in double valves replacement,and it is possibly mediated by reducing MDA produced by lipid peroxidation.However,ischemic postconditioning by occlusion of the pulmonary artery of 5 cycles of 30 s ischemia and 30 s repeffusion may not have significant protective effect for lung oxygenation function injury induced by CPB in double valves replacement.

Objective To identify the rale of NKX2-5 gene in cardiomyocyte differentiation and its mechanism.Methods P19 cells were divided into transfected and non-transfected groups.In the transfected group,P19 cells were with stable expression of NKX2-5 gene.The P19 cells were cultured in suspension for 4 days,and the formed aggregates were transferred to Petri dish for adherent culture.On days 4,8,12,and 16 of the adherent culture,the expressions of ct-saicomeric actin(α-SA)and cardiac troponin T(cTnT)were detected with double-labeling immunofluorescence and Western blot.The ultrastruetural changes were observed on day 16.Results In the transfected group,no expression of α-SA and cTnT was found on day 4,and the expression of these 2 proteins or co-expression existed on days 8,12,and 16.There were early cell junction and myofilament-like structure in the cytoplasm of some cells in the transfected group.In the non-transfected group,these 2 proteins were negative,and no differentiated cell was found.Conclusion Stable expression of NKX2-5 gene can induce cardiomyocyte differentiation from P19 cells,but the P19 cells with stable expression of JVKX2-5 gene is not suitable to be an in vitro model of cardiac development.

BACKGROUND:IPS e. max Press porcelain crown has been widely used in clinical restoration because of its aesthetic effect and biological properties. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of IPS e. max Press porcelain crown in esthetic restoration of anterior teeth in terms of marginal adaptation and color match. METHODS:Total y 52 patients with 138 defective anterior teeth (20 males and 32 females, 18-45 years old, including 62 anterior tooth defects, 46 tooth traumas, 30 denticles) were divided into two groups randomly:treatment group (26 cases) and control group (26 cases) were given IPS e.max Press porcelain crown and conditional Co-Cr al oy handcuffed ceramic crowns, respectively. Al the cases were asked for a second visit in 1 week after restoration, and the integrity of ceramic veneer, marginal adaptation, gingival health and color match were evaluated during 6-month and 2-year fol ow-ups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The degrees of satisfaction on the color, shape and adaptation in the treatment group were al higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 6 months after restoration, the marginal adaptation, gingival health and color match in the treatment group were al better than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 2 years after restoration, there was also a significant difference in the marginal adaptation, gingival health and color match between the two groups (P<0.05). IPS e.max Press porcelain crown has the advantages of aesthetics and biological characteristics, so it can be used as an ideal restoration method for esthetic restoration of anterior teeth.