Transfusion -related iron overload damage iron homeostasis of organism ,which damages the structure of the vital organs and leads to the dysfunction of important organs .Iron overload affects the prognosis of the patients,which promotes myelodysplastic syndrome transformation to acute leukemia and reduces the total sur -vival rate of patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ,which increases the treatment related mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and increases the chance of infection .Iron depletion therapy can de-lay the progression of acute leukemia and prolong the survival time of the patients with acute leukemia and show a certain anti-proliferative activity .

Objective To detect the expression of RXR? gene protein in gastric cancer, superficial gastritis, normal gastric mucosa, in order to explore the relationship between the development of gastric cancer, combined with clinical and pathological analysis of its clinical significance. Methods Using immunohistochemical detection RXR? protein in gastric cancer, superficial gastritis, gastric mucosa in the normal expression. Results RXR? protein mainly located in the nucleus of cells, there are a small number of cytoplasmic staining, a brown or yellow granular, in gastric cancer, superficial gastritis, normal gastric mucosa, RXR? protein expression rates were 25.0%, 81.1%, 96.1%; group and the normal mucosa and superficial gastritis, gastric cancer group RXR? expression rate has dropped, there were significant differences (P0.05). The lymph node metastasis and tumor pathology and clinical phases closely related (P

OBJECTIVE:To select the optimum conditions for germination test of Sophora alopecuroides seed,and to provide reference for formulating seed test rule and standardization of S. alopecuroides. METHODS:S. alopecuroides seeds were soaked in 98% H2SO4 for 30 min and 35 ℃ warm water for 29 h,and then treated under different temperature conditions (15 ℃,20 ℃, 25℃and 30℃),different germination beds(on paper,between paper,on sand,in sand)and different light conditions(2 000 lx lighting 16 h,dark). Optimal germination condition was screened by using germination rate,germinative potential and germinative index as indicators. S. alopecuroides seeds were cultured under this condition for 7 days,and then germination rate was determined. RESULTS:Different temperatures had no significant effect on germination rate,but influenced germinative potential and germina-tive index;those indicators reached maximal value at 20 ℃. Different germination beds affected each indicator,and under condi-tion of on sand,those indicators were the highest. Light treatment had no significant effect on germination indicators. Under suit-able condition,the seed sprouted since first day of germination bed treatment;germination rate was more than 90% on second day,and reached maximal value on fifth day and didn’t increase any longer. CONCLUSIONS:The suitable condition of seed ger-mination was soaking in 98% H2SO4 30 min+35 ℃ warm water for 29 h,on sand under light at 20 ℃. Initial count on second day of germination bed treatment and final count on forth day were analyzed statistically as well as germination rate. This method can be used as standard quality test of the seed of S. alopecuroides.

[Objective] To observe the effect of stanozolol on proliferation and differentiation of cultured growth plate chondrocytes in vitro.[Methods] At 3 week of age,Sprague–Dawley rats received 2.5 mg/kg in slow-released GnRHa (triptorelin) which was repeated every 2 weeks for 2 times,at 7-week old.The tibial growth plate cartilage were aseptically dissected and tripsin and EDTA digested for 0.5 h,then collagenase digested for 3 h at 37 ℃.Chondrocytes were cultured in DMEM:F12 medium for 48 h,the cells were starved for 24 h in serum-free DMEM:F12 medium before stanozolol treatment.In dose-effect groups,chondrocytes were incubated in serum-free media in various concentrations of stanozolol for 48 h.In time-course groups,chondrocytes were incubated in serum-free media in various times of stanozolol (10-8 mol/L).immunohistochemical staining of collagen Ⅱ,Ⅹ,PCNA,and MTT were conducted.[Results] The results of MTT,PCNA,and typeⅡcollagen synthesization demonstrated stanozolol enhanced the proliferation of the chondrocytes,time-course studies had shown that the proliferation were maximally stimulated by stanozolol after 2 or 3 days of incubation and decreased again after longer periods of incubation.Stanozolol stimulated the proliferation of the chondrocytes dose-dependently at 10-11 mol/L and 10-8 mol/L,maximally stimulatory concentrations of Stanozolol was 10-9 ～ 10-8 mol/L,and decreased again after higher concentration of stanozolol.Stanozolol did not stimulated type X collagen synthesization from 10-11 mol/L ～ 10-8 mol/L,but experiments showed that type X collagen was already stimulated after incubation in Stanozolol (10-7 ～ 10-5 mol/L).Time-course studies had shown those typeⅩcollagen synthesizations were stimulated by stanozolol after 4 ～ 5 days of incubation.[Conclusion] Stanozolol enhances the proliferation of chondrocytes of pubertal female rat treated with GnRHa in vitro (time-course- dependent and concentration -dependent).

OBJECTIVE:To select the optimum conditions for germination test of Astragalus membranaceus seed and provide reference for the formulation of testing rules of A. membranaceus seed. METHODS:First,the dormancy of A. membranaceus seeds were broken by soaking seed with 98% H2SO4 for 30 min and 35 ℃ warm water for 9 h,then treated with different temperatures of germination,different germinating beds and light conditions. Different treatment methods were evaluated by germination rate, germination potential and germination index. RESULTS:With the increase of temperature,germination rate,germination potential and germination index decreased. At 30 ℃,germination rate,germination index,and germination potential were significantly low-er than those of seed with other treatments,in which the germination rate was the highest at 15℃;but there wasn’t significant dif-ference in germination rate of 15 ℃ and 20 ℃. There were no significant differences in germination rate of different germination beds,but sand bed could restrain bacterial growth well. Under both light and dark conditions,seed could normally germinate. The appropriate condition of A. membranacus seed germination was at 15 ℃,sand bed and dark. The germination rate,germination po-tential and germination index were(98.5±0.65)%,(85.5±0.87)%and 175.8±2.31,respectively. Meanwhile,the germination pe-riod was only 4 days. CONCLUSIONS:Suggested quality control method of A. membranaceus seed is that at 15 ℃,sand bed and dark. The second day of germination as initial counting time and forth day as the last counting time are used to calculate germina-tion index. This method is easy and controllable. It also has short germination period and high germination rate.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the technical system that is suitable for protein extracting in Angelicae sinensis seed and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE),and provide technical support for detecting the protein quality and variety purity. METHODS:Using protein content and number of electrophoretic bands as indexes,8 methods,includ-ing voncentrated gel method,salt-soluble protein method,electrode buffer method,dimercaptosyl alcohol (DTT) method,urea method,mercaptoethanol method,trimethylolaminomethane (Tris) method,and acetone precipitation method,were conducted to extract the protein in A. sinensis seed and screen the optimal extraction method. Then based on optimal extraction method,effects of different materials-lipid ratios,sample dilution times(sample volume)and separate gel concentration on SDS-PAGE were investi-gated. RESULTS:Mercaptoethanol method extracted the highest protein contents(29.931 mg/g),with many electrophoretic bands and clear background. When mercaptoethanol method was used as optimal extraction method,electrophoresis effects were the best in the conditions of materials-lipid ratio of 1:10,sample volume of 5 times,separate gel concentration of 15%,which obtained 18 bands totally. CONCLUSIONS:Established protein extraction method and SDS-PAGE technical system are suitable for detecting the purity of A. sinensis seed.

0.05).(2) Expression levels of Akt : At baseline,Akt was already activated in NCU-SGA rats compared to no Akt activation in normal control rats.However,post-stimulating of insulin,the increase level of phosphate Akt in NCU-SGA rats was remarkably lower than that in control rats(P

Objective To explore the possible role of NROB1 gene played in regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis(HPGA) by analyzing the clinical and molecular characteristics in a case of central precocious puberty(CPP) with NROB1 gene mutation. Methods Clinical characteristics and direct sequencing of NROB1 gene in the patient were analyzed. Results A 11-month-old boy with manifested premature puberty, enlargement of penis/testes, and penile erection, but without manifestations of adrenal insufficiency was reportd. Clinical diagnosis was adrenal hypoplasia congenita( AHC) with CPP. The NR0B1 gene sequencing revealed a novel mutation in exon 1 (913C> T). Conclusion NR0B1 gene mutation may lead to the development of CPP in the patient with AHC. However, the mechanism remains unclear and thus deserves further exploration.

Objective To assess the effect of early menarche and treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs ( GnRHa ) in girls with central precocious puberty ( CPP ) or early and fast puberty ( EFP ) on menstrual regularity. Methods Six hundred and ten healthy girls were recruited and their menarche age and menstrual cycle were recorded. 169 CPP or EFP girls treated with GnRHa were followed up, and their menarche age and menstrual cycle were also recorded. Results There were 129 girls with irregular menstruation among 610 healthy girls(21. 1%), with 10 in 44 early menarche girls(22. 7%) and 11 in 44 late menarche girls(25. 0%). Compared with normal menarche girls(17. 2%), no significant difference was found in the incidences of irregular menstruation in early and late menarche girls. The incidences of dysmenorrhea were 41. 1% in normal girls and 50. 0% in early menarche girls, without significant difference. There was a higher incidence of irregular menstruation in 113 CPP girls and 56 EFP girls treated with GnRHa compared with healthy girls (31. 4% vs 21. 1%, P<0. 05), but without difference compared with early menarche girls(P>0. 05). Fifty-seven cases treated with GnRHa(33. 7%) suffered from dysmenorrhea, and there was no significant difference as compared with healthy girls and girls with early menarche. Conclusion The incidence of irregular menstruation was similar in early menarche girls and normal girls. CPP and EFP girls with GnRHa treatment had a significantly higher incidence of irregular menstruation than normal girls, but no difference was found as compared with girls with early menarche. Early menarche and GnRHa treatment did not affect the incidence of dysmenorrhea.

Objective To understand how serum DHEAS levels change with sex,age and stage of sexual maturation in children and adolescents and explore the relationship between adrenarche and pubertal maturatiotL Methods Serum samples from 120 healthy boys,198 healthy girls and 152 girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) were examined for DHEAS.Referenee ranges for healthy children and adolescents and statistical difierences between heahhy girls and ICPP girls were analyzed with respect to sex,age and stage of sexual maturation.Results Both healthy children and ICPP girls showed extremely low levels of serum DHEAS and they were not related to sex.age or tanner stages in the individuals below age of 6 years.Serum DHEAS levels were positively related to both age (above age of 6 years)and tanner stage in healthy groups(r=0.69 and 0.71 respectively,P＜0.01).After the onset of puberty,serum DHEAS levels appeared to be higher in boys than that in girls within the same tanner stage(P＜0.05).Within the individusis in the same age group with same sex.serum DHEAS levels increased along with pubertal development.While within the individuals in same tanner stage group with salne sex after puberty onset.serum DHEAS levels showed no significant difference among different age groups.For example.there was no difference in serum DHEAS levels of healthy girls in tanner stage Ⅲ among different age subgroups(age of8-9;age of 10-11,age of 12-13)and the mean vallie of serum DHEAS was 532.0-557.8μg/L(F=0.21,P=0.98).In different age subgroups above age of 6 years,Z scores for serum DHEAS in ICPP girls were highher than them healthy ones with advanced tanner stages(0.97us-0.1 and 1.39us-0.08,JP≤0.01)In different tanner stage subgroups.Z scores for serum DHEAS showed no difierence between healthy and ICPP girls despite apparent different age ranges(0.00 us-0.31-0.18,P＞0.05).Conclusions Serum DHEAS level increased along with both age (above 6 years) and tanner stage in healthy children and adolescents.There was no gender difference until the onset of puberty.It was demonstrated that adrenache and gonadarche were related to each other.Reference ranges for adolescents should be interpreted according to sex.age and tanner stage simultaneously.