The ketogenic diet (KD) is a special diet with high-fat, low-carbohydrate and moderate amount of protein. The KD therapy is a safe, potentially effective and important treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy in recent years. It has con-ifrmed clinical efifcacy and a generally good prognosis. The adverse reactions of KD treatment are normally less and transient. In this paper, the effective rate, patient compliance, adverse reactions and their causes of KD in treating children with refractory epilepsy were reviewed.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) accounted for 10%-40% of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. The clinical manifestations of MPP were complex and varied. In addition to pulmonary inflammation, , the complications with lungs and other organs had been widely reported in MPP. Although the MPP complicated with thrombus in lung, other organs and limbs was rare reported, it was serious and life threatening once thromboembolism happens,. Clinicians should pay great attention to improve the ability of early identiifcation, diagnosis, and treatment. This paper will focus on the mechanism, early identiifcation, early diagnosis and treatment of MPP complicated with thrombosis.

A rapid method has been developed based on the sample preparation procedure named as QuEChERS (Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged and Safe),combined with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector and C18 column after precolumn derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol to determine dopamine in porcine muscle.Methanol and deionized water (0.1％ acetic acid,v/v) with a ratio of 60∶40 was used as mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min and dopamine was eluted within 15 min.The linearity range was 0.003-8 μg/mL with r=0.9992.The detection limit for dopamine was 4 μg/kg and the quantification limit was 9 μg/kg.Recovery studies were carried out at 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg fortification levels and the average recoveries obtained ranged from 90.4％ to 98.2％ with relative standard deviations between 3.5％ and 8.1％.The method was found to be suitable for detection of dopamine in animal product tissues at the maximum residue level.

Objective To investigate the organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in Shnxi area so as to take preventive measures to minimize food contamination. Methods A total of 140 samples of vegetables and fruits were obtained randomly from the local market in Shnxi area. Eight organophosphorus pesticides were analyzed by gas-chromatographic method. Results The incidence of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits were 20% and 1.7%, respectively. The mean level of parathion in vegetables and dimethoate in fruits were 6.22?g/kg and 3.02?g/kg, exceeding their MRLs. Conclusion There is a misuse of organophosphorus pesticides in Shnxi area and routine monitoring is necessary to reduce food contamination before entering market.

Aim To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract(EGB)on tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?)in TNBS-induced colitis in rats and its mechanisms.Methods Colitis in rats was induced by colonic administration with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS).Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups,10 in each:normal group,model group,5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA group)and Ginkgo biloba extract group(EGB group).The levels of nitric oxide(NO),and glutathion peroxide(GSH-Px)were measured by biochemical methods.The expressions of TNF-? and nuclear factor kappaBp65(NF-?Bp65)in the colon tissues of colitis rats were detected by means of immunohistochemistry.The expressions of induce nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in the colon tissues of colitis rats were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The effects of EGB on colonic inflammation and macroscopic and histological damage were evaluated as well.Results Compared with the model group,treatment with EGB for 4 weeks significantly reduced colon macroscopic and histological damage,elevated the activities of GSH-Px and reduced the contents of NO,inhibited the protein expressions of TNF-? andNF-?Bp65,and decreased the mRNA levels of iNOS in the colon tissues of experimental colitis.Conclusions The probable mechanisms of EGB was that it ameliorated inflammatory injury in TNBS-induced colitis in rats by its reduction of TNF-?,NF-?Bp65 and iNOS levels.Then EGB could curb the inflammatory cascade effects of inflammatory mediators to protect ulcerative colitis.

A rapid method has been developed based on the sample preparation procedure named as QuEChERS （Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe）, combined with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector and C18 column after precolumn derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol to determine dopamine in porcine muscle. Methanol and deionized water （0.1% acetic acid, v/v） with a ratio of 60：40 was used as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min and dopamine was eluted within 15 min. The linearity range was 0.003-8 μg/mL with r=0.9992. The detection limit for dopamine was 4 μg/kg and the quantification limit was 9 μg/kg. Recovery studies were carried out at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg fortification levels and the average recoveries obtained ranged from 90.4% to 98.2% with relative standard deviations between 3.5% and 8.1%. The method was found to be suitable for detection of dopamine in animal product tissues at the maximum residue level.

Objective To compare the differences between two statistical methods for evaluating non-sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria to antimicrobial agents,and explore effect of non-consideration of clinical background on evalua-ting extent of bacterial resistance.Methods Data of Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp .in a hospital in the first half year of 2008,2010 and 2013 were collected and conducted statistical analysis with two methods (me-thod 1 :based on all clinically isolated bacteria;method 2 :based on infection-related non-repetitive bacteria),two methods for evaluating bacterial non-sensitive rates to antimicrobial agents were compared.Results The non-sensi-tive rates of Acinetobacter spp .to various antimicrobial agents :statistical results by using method 1 were generally higher than those using method 2,absolute difference between two statistical methods was 10.46%-33.77%;the non-sensitive rates of Staphylococcus aureus to various antimicrobial agents :except compound sulfamethoxazole in 2010 and 2013(difference were 6.17% and 10.21 % respectively),penicillin G (difference was 3.86%),erythromy-cin (difference was 2.71 %),and azithromycin in 2013 (difference was 2.43%),statistical results by using method 1 were generally higher than those using method 2,absolute difference between two statistical methods was 0-18.04%.Conclusion There are deviation in the non-sensitive rates of bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents by using two different statistical methods,deviation is larger in Acinetobacter spp ..The resistance level might be incorrectly higher when evaluating the resistance status without considering clinical background of bacteria.

Objective Discussion leukoreduction of red blood cells suspended in two different storage bag placement and he-molysis rate impact on the supernatant free hemoglobin (FHb),to ensure the clinical transfusion is safe and effective.Meth-ods Selected 20 donors to sample 400 ml whole blood per person to make leukodepleted red blood cells,which were evenly divided into 10 bags.The 10 bags were randomly divided into two groups,one to the upright position,one group of horizon-tal.The two groups were stored under the same conditions.Respectively,in the 7,14,21,28,35 day,randomly removed one storage bag from each group,FHb and red blood cell hemolysis rate were measured and analyzed statistically.Results FHb and hemolysis rate results stored in the first 21 days of testing,uprightgroup were (217.310±48.477)mg/L and (0.250± 0.056)%,respectively horizontal group (173.972±39.027)mg/L and (0.189±0.045)%,the results set upright than hori-zontal group,the results were statistically(t=3.114,P =0.003<0.05 and t=3.798,P =0.001<0.05),the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion In the blood storage period,storage bags can be placed horizontally to reduce the de-struction of red blood cells,blood storage is more favorable.

Objective:To explore protective effect of atorvastatin on blood vessels in early stage of atherosclerosis (AS).Methods:A total of 120 patients without AS plaques,who had >2 cardiovascular risk factors and received control cardiovascular risk factors therapy,were randomly divided into four groups:control group (did not receive atorvastatin),atorvastatin 5mg group,10mg group and 20mg group (received corresponding dose of atorvastatin). All patients were followed up for six months,changes of thromboxane B2 (TXB2),6-Keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α),brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV),ankle brachial index (ABI)and intima-media thickness (IMT)were observed.Results:There were no significant changes in ABI and IMT between before and after treat-ment among four groups (P >0.05 all).Compared with baseline,TXB2、baPWV levels significantly rose,6-Keto-PGF1αlevel significantly decreased after treatment in control group and 5mg group;in contrast,TXB2、baPWV lev-els significantly decreased,6-Keto-PGF1αlevel significantly rose after treatment in 10mg group and 20mg group(P <0.05~ < 0.01).After treatment six-month,compared with control group and 5mg group,the TXB2 [(148.3 ± 29.2)pg/ml,(142.3±30.6)pg/ml vs.(111.5±22.8)pg/ml,(104.9 ± 17.4)pg/ml]、baPWV[(1621.1 ± 136.1) cm/s,(1597.7±125.3)cm/s vs.(1232.9±132.3)cm/s,(1178.2±155.1)cm/s]levels significantly decreased,6-Keto-PGF1α[(104.7±66.1)pg/ml,(102.2±70.3)pg/ml vs.(132.8±48.3)pg/ml,(139.1±66.3)pg/ml]level significantly rose(P <0.05~<0.01)in 10 mg group and 20 mg group.Conclusion:Atorvastatin has protective effect on blood vessels in early stage of atherosclerosis,and 10mg atorvastatin may be the minimum effective dosage to protect blood vessels.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for post-discharge treatment compliance of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).Methods MDR-TB patients who were hospitalized in a tubercu-losis hospital between November 2011 and January 2013 were chosen,post-discharge follow-up was conducted regu-larly through telephone call.Medicine-taking and re-examination of patients was inquired,factors influencing pa-tients’treatment compliance were analyzed.Results 299 patients were included in the study,the total treatment compliance rate was 81 .94% (n=245);249(83.28%)patients regularly took medicine,50(16.72%)didn’t regu-larly take medicine;254 (84.95%)were re-examined on time,45 (15.05%)were not re-examined on time;37 (12.37%)discontinued treatment,260 (86.96%)continuously treated till the survey deadline.Univariate analysis revealed that treatment compliance (including regular medication rate,timely re-examination rate,interrupted treat-ment rate,and total compliance rate)was significantly different among MDR-TB patients of different ages,education levels,treatment time,and with or without adverse reactions(all P <0.05 ).Logistic regression analysis revealed that treatment compliance of MDR-TB patients was negatively correlated with treatment time(β=-1 .47,Wald χ2=24.28,P <0.05)and adverse reactions(β=-2.02,Waldχ2 =24.24,P <0.05 ),while positively correlated with education levels(β=0.79,Wald χ2 =6.50,p <0.05 ).Conclusion Prolonged treatment time and adverse reactions can reduce the treatment compliance of MDR-TB patients,the higher education levels of MDR-TB patients have, the better treatment compliance they implement.