ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of nasal bone fracture caused by blunt instrument, including the fracture types, the fracture repair, and the difference of manifestations between X-ray and CT. To provide reference for the identification.MethodsThe information of basic situation, fracture site, injury manner, diagnosis method, expert opinion of 95 adult nasal fracture cases caused by blunt object, which occurred in Gutian county of Fujian province from January 1999 to December 2013, were ana-lyzed by descriptive statistics. The identification conclusions of different injuries were compared accord-ing to new and old standards as well.ResultsThere were total 95 adults including 87 male and 8 fe-male. The fracture site and quantity have significant correlation with the nasal bone anatomical relations and the direction and size of the force. Compound fracture was most common. The fracture that could not be determined by X-ray could be clearly diagnosed by CT examination. According to new and old standards, different fracture types have different identification conclusions.ConclusionThere are gender differences in nasal bone fracture cases. Larger external force is easy to cause compound fracture. CT examination is significantly better than X-ray examination.

Objective T o investigate the m ain point of long backbone fracture caused by blunt force in forensic clinical identification and to provide a reference for the inspection and appraisal practices of such injury. Methods N inety-nine cases of adult long backbone fractures were collected from January 2006 to D ecem ber 2013 in G utian C ounty of Fujian Province. A ccording to the term s of fracture loca-tion, m ode of injury, type, the data were sum m arized. Results In the 99 cases, there were 36 cases caused by hitting, kicking, and falling and 63 cases caused by vehicle collision. T he m ajority of the for-m er was ulna, and those of the latter were tibia and fibula. T he types of fracture were transverse one, short oblique one, long oblique one, and spiral one. Conclusion D ifferent types of long backbone frac-ture, not only causing stress load of fractures as well as structural differences related to each segm ent.

Objective To compare radiation dose and image quality between prospective and retrospective ECG gating CT coronary angiography (CTCA) with 64-slice CT scanner. Methods Sixty patients with suspected coronary artery disease were selected, and randomly devided into two groups. Thirty patients in research group (average body-mass index [BMI]:[25.30±3.15] kg/m~2, heart rate ≤65 beats per minute [bpm]) underwent CTCA using prospective ECG-gating (120 kV, mA tailored to weight), while the rest 30 patients in control group (average BMI:[25.40±3.00] kg/m~2, heart rate ≤65 bpm) underwent CTCA using retrospective ECG-gating (120 kV, 650 mA). The average effective dose (ED) and standardizing radiation dose (ED_(Sd)) which was standardized by 12 cm length were respectively calculated, and statistical analysis was then conducted, meanwhile image quality was evaluated. Results The average ED of research group and control group was (5.97±1.04) mSv and (26.25±2.36) mSv, respectively (t_(A,B)=43.13, P<0.05). The ED_(Sd) of two groups was (5.49±0.45) mSv and (23.77±1.64) mSv (t_(Sd)=59.00, P<0.05). ED_(Sd) decreased by 76.62% in research group compared with that of control group. No significant difference of image quality was found between two groups (χ~2=4.26, P=0.235). Conclusion Prospective ECG-gating CTCA can effectively reduce radiation dose without compromising image quality.

Biomimetics ; trends ; Biotechnology ; trends ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; methods ; trends ; Genetic Engineering ; Industry ; trends

Lactic acid has a wide range of uses in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry. With rapid development of poly (lactic acid) industry, the demand for polymer-grade L-lactic acid is continuously increasing. Developing low-cost, non-food-biomass-lactic-acid fermentation process and the fermentation-separation coupled technology are trends to reduce polymer-grade L-lactic acid production cost. This review summarized the most recent advances in low-cost L-lactic acid fermentation based on the use of non-food biomass, followed by addressing the key issue that might be strategically important for future development of polymer-grade L-lactic acid production in industry.
Biomass ; Biotechnology ; trends ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Manihot ; metabolism ; Polymers ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of caffeic acid in Laggera alata,and establish a method for its content determination. METHODS:The caffeic acid in L. alata was extracted by reflux extraction. Using extraction content as inves-tigation index,orthogonal test was used to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction,material-liquid ratio and extraction time on caffeic acid,and the extraction technology conditions were optimized. HPLC was adopted to determine the content of caffe-ic acid in 10 batches of L. alata from different areas,using caffeic acid as reference substance,at wavelength of 320 nm. RE-SULTS:The optimized extraction technology conditions were as follows as ethanol volume fraction of 10%,material-liquid ratio of 1 : 40 and extraction time of 3 h. Under the condition,verification test for caffeic acid was carried out,and the average content of caffeic acid in L. alata was 0.5211 mg/g(RSD=1.18%,n=3). The content of caffeic acid in 10 batches of L. alata from dif-ferent areas ranged in 0.3752-0.7766 mg/g,and the content showed great differences. CONCLUSIONS:The content of caffeic ac-id in L. alata is related to area and harvest season. The caffeic acid extration by optimized technology shows good reproducibility;and the established method for content determination is stable and feasible.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients with hyperlipidemia before and after receiving antiviral therapy in Wuhan. Methods A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the data of HIV/AIDS patients in Wuhan from 2004 to 2021. Elevated levels of either TG or TC were determined as hyperlipidemia. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of baseline hyperlipidemia, and Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the influencing factors of new-onset hyperlipidemia after receiving antiviral therapy. Results A total of 7 562 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled, 30.61% (2 315/7 562) with hyperlipidemia at baseline and 69.39% (5 247/7 562) without hyperlipidemia. The mean person-years of follow-up for those patients without hyperlipidemia at baseline were 3.48, of whom 33.14% (1 739/5 247) developed hyperlipidemia during follow-up, with an overall density of 9.53/100 person-years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥30 years and BMI ≥24 kg/m² were positively correlated with baseline hyperlipidemia, while CD4 cell count ≥ 200 μL was negatively correlated with baseline hyperlipidemia. Multivariate Cox model analysis showed that new-onset hyperlipidemia after receiving antiviral therapy was significantly positively correlated with BMI between 18.5-23.9 and ≥24 kg/m², the initial antiviral treatment regimen containing LPV/r, efavirenz and other factors A baseline CD4 cell count of 200 to 349 cells /μL was negatively correlated with new-onset hyperlipidemia. Conclusion HIV/AIDS patients with high BMI and an initial antiviral regimen including Kaletra or efavirenz have a significantly higher risk of hyperlipidemia. Follow-up monitoring of blood lipid in these patients should be strengthened.