Cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women. Surgery and radiotherapy are the main therapeutic approaches. The recurrence rate of cervical cancer is high and the prognosis is relatively poor. Recurrent cervical cancer can be classified into the central pelvic, lateral pelvic and extra-pelvic recurrence. The management of recurrent cervical cancer mainly depends on previous therapeutic approaches and the recurrence site. Surgical resection is the optimal option for patients who have no history of radiotherapy, if feasible, chemoradiotherapy±brachytherapy can be considered. Patients with central pelvic recurrence after radiotherapy are suitable candidates for pelvic exenteration±intraoperative radiotherapy. However, the indications are highly selective, the incidence of postoperative complications is high and the quality of life is poor. Patients with lateral pelvic recurrence after radiotherapy could be treated by re-radiotherapy or chemotherapy. However, the incidence of serious side effects of re-radiotherapy is higher than that of the initial radiotherapy. The indications for stereotactic body radiotherapy are limited and the surgical skill of the surgeons is demanding. In recent years, radiotherapy technology has become more precise. Image-guided brachytherapy, such as high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy and radioactive 125I seed implantation, has achieved high efficacy and safety, which may provide new treatment options for recurrent cervical cancer. In this article, research progress on brachytherapy for recurrent cervical cancer was summarized and reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of interventional catheter drainage combined with ozone therapy for the management of postoperative enterocutaneous fistula. Method A total of 70 patients with postoperative enterocutaneous fistula were enrolled and divided into group A (35, conventional surgical treatment) and group B (35, interventional catheter drainage and ozone therapy). Clinical efficiency, hospital stays, hospital expenses and complications were compared. Follow-up observations of the infection score in 2 groups before and after treatment (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month) were also compared. Results 30 cases in group A recovered (85.7%), and 28 cases in group B recovered (80.0%), the result of which shows no statistic significance. The hospital stays and expense in group B were significantly lower than those in group A. 4 cases of group A suffered from incision complications , 2 intra-abdominal hemorrhage , 1 severe pneumonia and 1 septic shock. 2 cases in group B suffered from stomachache. The differences can be shown significantly. The infection score between the two groups shows no significant difference, but the score was found to be obviously lower after treatment than before. The infection score decreased by an average of 19.9 in group A and 23.5 in group B,indicating a better anti-infective effect in group B. Conclusion Interventional catheter drainage combined with ozone therapy for the management of postoperative enterocutaneous fistula is safe and effective, with lower hospital stays and expense.

The “vertical tongue”method was used in speech training for 12 patients with functional speech disorder of consonant /L/.Af-ter treatment,the average vocal intilligibility of the 12 patients increased from 86.3% to 98.9%(P <0.05)./L/consonant average intelligi-bility increased from 42.9% to 85.2%(P <0.05).

Objective To describe the techniques of fluoroscopy-guided foam sclerotherapy for lower extremity varicosities, and evaluate the feasibility, safety and curative effects of it. Methods From October 2008 to December 2009, a total of 21 legs in 16 patients with lower extremity varicosities received radiological-guided foam sclerotherapy. They were enrolled in this study. Sodium morrhuate was foamed with by the filling-defects technique under fluoroscopy guidance. Postoperative compression was maintained for 2 weeks. Clinical effect was assessed as full success, partial success and no success. Complications were classified as minor or serious. Results The technical procedure was successful in all foam sclerotherapies for 21 legs. And, a single sclerotherapy session was adequate for all legs. The median follow-up period was 6. 0 months after treatment, ranged from 3.0 to 17.0 months. In this period, Clinical effect was assessed as full success for 17 legs (81.0%) and partial success for 4 legs ( 19.0% ). All patients presented selflimiting minor complications, including cordlike subcutaneous indurations along the treated veins (21 cases), skin hyperpigmentation in 11 legs (8 cases), local pain in 7 legs (6 cases) and superficial thrombophlebitits in one leg ( 1 case). No serious complications or systemic events occurred. Conclusion Fluoroscopy-guided foam sclerotherapy was a feasible, safe and effective treatment for lower extremity varicosities.

Objective To compare the curative effect of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) plus medication with that of pure medication in treating uncomplicated type B aortic dissection,and to discuss the treatment strategy for uncomplicated type B aortic dissection.Methods The clinical data of 118 patients with definitely confirmed uncomplicated type B aortic dissection,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from 2004 to 2015,were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 118 patients,57 patients received TEVAR plus medication (TEVAR group) and 61 patients were treated with pure medication (drug group).The complications and mortality within one month and during follow-up period in both groups were calculated respectively,and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the survival rate between the two groups.Results The incidences of complications and morbidity during hospitalization and within one month after treatment in TEVAR group were 5.2％ and 0％ respectively,which in the drug group were 0％ and 0％ respectively.The patients were followed up for 1-110 months,with a mean of (43.3±36.7) months.The incidence of main complications and the mortality in TEVAR group were 7.0％ and 5.3％ respectively,which in the drug group were 6.6％ and 8.1％ respectively.The one-,2-,4-and 7-year cumulative survival rates in TEVAR group were 100％,97.1％,93.5％ and 78.0％ respectively,which in the drug group were 98.4％,96.4％,90.8％ and 72.7％ respectively,the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (~=0.019,P=0.890).Conclusion For the treatment of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection,TEVAR plus medication is superior to pure drug therapy in reducing expansion rate of false cavity,but TEVAR carries some procedure-related complications,besides,TEVAR can not improve the survival rate.(J Intervent Radiol,2017,26:266-269)

Objective To investigate the value of electromagnetic navigation in microsurgical resection of intracranial cavernous hemangioma of different locations.Methods The microsurgical resection of intracranial cavernous hemangioma of different locations with the guide of electromagnetic navigation of COMPASS Cygnus system,There were 47 cavernous hemangioma of 43 patients,including of multiple cavernous hemangioma of 3 cases,one case had 3,the other 2 cases had 2 ; Including 25 deep in the cerebral cortex(including of 4 deep in the cerebellar cortex),twenty shallow in the cerebral cortex,two were in the orbital apex,including of 4 deep in the sensorimotor cortex,four deep in the language center,and 2 deep in the visual center.Results All 47 cavernous hemangioma of 43 patients,the accuracy was 100％.The resection rate was 100％,including of 16 patients were removed with a straight incision.There was no one with the neurological dysfunction worse postoperative,with no deaths,with 1 case of normal perfusion pressure breakthrough and was cured by conservative treatment.Thirty cases were discharged within 1 week.The blood loss of 30 cases was less than 50 ml.The average registration error of navigation was 1.6 ± 0.4 mm.Conclusion The surgical incision and surgical approach can been designed with the help of electromagnetic navigation system before operation,and can accurately resect the lesions simultaneously avoid brain function area,protect the normal brain tissue,reduce postoperative complications,with the help of the electromagnetic navigation system intraoperative in real time.It is suitable for minimally invasive surgery for intracranial cavernous hemangioma.

Objective To study the regional anatomy of the cavernous sinus for skull base surgery.Methods Continuous thin sections on coronary plane were performed with freezing milling technique on an head specimen from March 2008 to November 2011.After segmenting,labeling and extracting in a seraial sections,we finished the three dimensional reconstruction of the cavernous sinus.Results Three hundred and ninety thin coronary sections were obtained.The related structures were described in six typical sections.The cavernous sinuses were located on each side of the sphenoid sella.The sinus connects to the superior orbital fissure below and lateral to the anterior clinoid process,opens into the basilar sinuses lateral to the dorsum sellae.The four main spaces within the sinus,identified by their relation to the carotid artery,were the medial,the anteroinferior,the posterosuperior compartments and the lateral space.The four spaces were located differnently and communicate with each others in three dimensional images.Conclusion Combination of coronary section anatomy and three dimensional reconstruction can display the anatomical characters of the s cavernous sinus.The 3D models are video films that continuously and dynamically display anatomic structures in 3D space at different velocities.

Objective To explore the clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT(64SCT) in evaluation of female patients with primary osteoporosis.Methods 912 patients were clinically diagnosed as primary osteoporosis and were examined by 64SCT. The osteoporosis and pathologic fractures were evaluated on CT images.Results 912 patients in the group were diagnosed the osteoporosis in different degree.203 patients had pathologic fractures.Conclusion 64SCT can evaluate the extent of the primary osteoporosis of the females and can predict the adventures of the pathologic fracture.

Objective To analyze the learning curve of an experienced interventional radiologist engaged in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for Stanford type B aortic dissection.Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection,who received TEVAR that was carried out by the same group of interventional physicians over the past 10 years,were retrospectively analyzed.According to the sequence of operation date,the patients were equally divided into group A,B,C,D and E with 14 patients in each group.The operation time,procedure-related complications,postoperative hospitalization days were compared among the 5 groups,and the curative effects at different stages were evaluated.Results No statistically significant differences in the age,sex,classification,concurrent hypertension,concurrent diabetes,active smoking,maximum diameter of false lumen,viscera artery supplied by the false lumen,etc.existed between each other among the 5 groups (P＞0.05).The operation time of group A and group B was (3.29±0.61) hours and (2.87±0.37) respectively (P＜0.05),while the operation time of group C,group D and group E was (1.80±0.62) hours (1.74±0.34) hours and (1.52±0.39) hours respectively (P＞0.05).The operation time of group A and group B was significantly longer than that of group C,D,and E (P＜0.001).The difference in the occurrence of complications was not statistically significant between each other among the 5 groups (P＞0.05).The hospitalization time was gradually shortened from group A to group E,although the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The surgeries of 28 patients in group A and group B were completed within 2 years and 6.2 years respectively,with an operation frequency being 3.3 patients per year and 7 patients per year respectively;while the surgeries of 42 patients in group C,group D and group E were completed within 2.2 years,1.2 years and 0.5 years respectively,with an operation frequency being 6.4 patients per year,11.7 patients per year and 17.5 patients per year respectively.Conclusion The learning curve of performing TEVAR for type B aortic dissection is approximately 28 cases;after completing 28 TEVAR procedures for type B aortic dissection at the yearly frequency of 4.6 cases by one interventional radiologist,the operation time becomes significantly shortened,and the surgical skills of theinterventional physician team can been significantly improved.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of 3-dimensional (3D) printing noncoplanar templates (PNCT) assisted computer tomography (CT) guided radioactive125I seed implantation (RISI) for the treatment of recurrent cervical carcinoma (RCC) after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Methods: A total of 103 patients with inoperable post-EBRT RCC were included in this retrospective study. A total of 111 lesions received RISI. Eight lesions were at the pelvic center, 75 lesions were at the pelvic lateral, and 28 lesions were extra-pelvic metastasis. The median prescription dose was 120 Gy. The primary end points were adverse events and local control (LC), and the secondary end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Results: Grade 2 adverse events of acute nausea, diarrhea, and pollakiuria occurred in 1, 2, and 1 patient, respectively. One patient suffered from grade 3 acute proctitis. Late toxicity was observed in 2 patients with rectovaginal fistula. No grade 5 toxicity occurred. The 3-year LC and OS rates were 75.1% and 20.8%, respectively. The median OS was 17 months. The multivariate analysis showed that the minimum dose received by the “hottest” 90% of the gross tumor volume (D 90 ) ≥130 Gy, squamous cell carcinoma, hemoglobin ≥80 g/L and good short-term efficacy (complete response or partial response) were independent predictors of LC and OS (all p<0.05). Conclusions 3D-PNCT assisted CT-guided RISI is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive modality for RCC. The hemoglobin level, pathological type, dose distribution and short-term efficacy are considered as independent factors for clinical outcomes.