Object To provide a basis for the identification of the crude drug of Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae Methods Morpholgical characters and microstructural features of the seed surface of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils , S. rubriflora (Franch ) Rehd. et Wils., S. viridis A. C. Smith, and S. henryi Clarke were observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Identification of them was also completed by TLC qualitative analysis for deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A Results The fruits of S. sphenanthera, S. rubriflora, S. viridis and S. henryi could be classified to three types with the characters of micromorphological features of the seed surface. The results of TLC showed that deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A were present in the fruits of S. sphenanthera from Pingli, Shaanxi, Luanchuan, Henan, Yangcheng, Shanxi, S. rubriflora and S.viridis, Hengshan Hunan Provinces The fruit of S. henryi contained a little quantity of schisantherin A, but the fruits of S. sphenanthera from Liuba Shaanxi and Xiaolongshan Gansu Provinces did not have deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A. Conclusion The fruits of S. sphenanthera from different geographical origin, S. rubriflora, S. viridis and S. henryi can be identified by the characters of micromorphological featrues of the seed surface and the TLC qualitative analysis for deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A

Objective To discuss pathogenic effects of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)on atherosclerosis and thromboembolism,the influences of HDL-C on platelet cytosolic free calcium concentration([Ca2+]i),platelet release reaction products beta-thromboglobulin(?-TG)and platelet factor 4(PF4)were observed in dyslipoproteinemia patients with low HDL-C.Methods i,?-TG and PF4 were measured by fluorescent probe Fura 2-AM and ELISA skills respectively,in 42 patients with low HDLC(LHDL-C)and 25 healthy controls(CONT).Results Compared with those in CONT group,the platelet[Ca2+]i,?-TG and PF4 were all higher in LHDL-C group(all P

Object To determine the contents of schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B and schisandrin C in the stems and fruits of Schisandra rudriflora (Franch ) Rehd. et Wils , which were collected from different areas Methods An HPLC method was set up: Column, Sphereclone, ODS (250 mm?4 6 mm, 5 ?m); mobil phase, A: H 2O, B: MeOH; gradient elution was with 70% B from 0-4 min, 70%-100% B from 4-54 min; the flow rate was 0 4 mL/min; the column temperature was 25 ℃ and the DAD detector was used at 254 nm Results The contents of schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B and schisandrin C in S. rubriflora were 0.026%-0.083%, 0.007%-0.945%, 0.002%-0.121%, 0.010%-0.038%, respectively. Deoxyschizandrin exists widely in S. rubriflora and its content is higher in fruits than that in stems Conclusion Deoxyschizandrin is the main active lignan in the fruits of S rubriflora

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture on eNOS in mobilizing endothe -lial progenitor cells (EPCs) in rat bone marrow and peripheral blood to promote revascularization in focal cerebral ischemi -a/reperfusion rat.Methods A total of 100 healthy male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into nor-mal group ( N) , model group ( I/R) , electroacupuncture group ( I/RE) and I/RE plus L-NAME ( A specific antagonist of eNOS) group (I/REL), and were further divided into 1 d, 2 d and 7 d subgroups after reperfusion, 10 rats in each group, in addition to the N group .The rats received filament occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 1.5 hours followed by reperfusion .“Baihui” ( GV 20)/“Siguan” ( Hegu LI 4/Taichong LR 3) were selected as acupucture points .Flow cytome-ter was used to detect the percentage of EPCs in bone marrow and peripheral blood .The expression of VEGFR2 mRNA was tested by fluorescence quantitative PCR .Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect VEGFR 2 +cells and to stain the CD34 +microvessels.Results Compared with the I/R group, there was a significant up-regulation of the percentage of EPCs in bone marrow and peripheral blood by electroacupuncture (P<0.01,P<0.05), but decreased by the inhibitor of eNOS (P<0.01).Compared with the I/R group, the VEGFR2 +cells, expression of VEGFR2 mRNA and CD34 +mi-crovessels were significantly increased in the I/RE group ( P<0.01 ) , but decreased in the I/REL group ( P<0.01 ) . Conclusions Electroacupuncture can effectively mobilize EPCs to promote the revascularization in focal cerebral ischemia /reperfusion rat .This effect is attenuated by inhibitor of eNOS , suggesting that the activation of eNOS mediated by electroa-cupuncture may be related to mobilizing EPCs to promote the revascularization .

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Lagotis brevituba.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of analysis of IR,NMR, 2D-NMR, and MS spectra.

RESULTTwo compounds were obtained and were identified as phenylethanoid glucosides, lagotiside A (1) and acteoside (2), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new compound and named as lagotiside A.

Glucosides ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plantago ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study on the chemical consitituents of Lagotis brevituba.

METHODThe chemical consitituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and they were identified as beta-sitosterol (1), succinic acid (2), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (3), uracil (4), apigenin (5), chrysoeriol (6), chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (7), and apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (8).

CONCLUSIONCompound 4-8 were isolated from L. brevituba for the first time, and among them, compound 7 and 8 were isolated from genus Lagotis for the first time.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plantago ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo investigate the relative content changes of differential metabolites and reducing sugars during the processing process of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata （RRP） processed with Amomi Fructus （AF） and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium （CRP）， and to lay the foundation for revealing the processing principle of this characteristic variety. MethodThe samples of the 0-54 h processing process of RRP processed with AF and CRP were taken as the research object， and their secondary metabolites were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）. The 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） was used as the mobile phase for gradient elution （0-1 min， 1%-3%B； 1-10 min， 3%-9%B； 10-15 min， 9%-12%B； 15-22 min， 12%-18%B； 22-31 min， 18%-24%B； 31-35 min， 24%-100%B； 35-36 min， 100%-5%B； 36-40 min， 5%-1%B； 40-45 min， 1%B）， column temperature was 40 ℃， injection volume was 3 μL， flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1. Electrospray ionization （ESI） was used to scan and collect MS data in the negative ion mode， the scanning range was m/z 50-1 250. Data analysis was carried out using PeakView 1.2 software， and the chemical composition of RRP processed with AF and CRP was identified by combining the literature information and chemical composition databases. The MS data were normalized by MarkerView 1.2， and then the multivariate statistical analysis was applied to screen the differential metabolites， and the changes of the relative contents of the differential metabolites with different processing times was analyzed， finally， correlation analysis was performed between the differential metabolites， the change of the reducing sugar content was combined to determine the most suitable processing time of RRP processed with AF and CRP. ResultA total of 121 compounds were identified from RRP processed with AF and CRP at different processing times， and 12 differential metabolites were screened out by multivariate statistical analysis， including catalpol， hesperidin， isoacteoside， acteoside， narirutin， echinacoside， isomartynoside， decaffeoylacteoside， 6-O-E-feruloylajugol， dihydroxy-7-O-neohesperidin， jionoside D， and rehmapicroside. With the prolongation of processing time， the relative contents of these 12 differential metabolites and reducing sugars changed slightly at 52-54 h. ConclusionUPLC-Q-TOF-MS can comprehensively and accurately identify the chemical constituents of RRP processed with AF and CRP at different processing times， and the suitable processing time of 52-54 h is determined according to the content changes of different metabolites and reducing sugars， which provides a basis for revealing the scientific connotation of the processing principle of this variety.

Tet2 (member 2 of the Tet family) plays an important role in DNA demethylation modification, epigenetic regulation, and hematopoiesis. In our previous study, we found that Tet2 knockout mice progressively developed lymphocytic leukemia and myeloid leukemia with aging. However，the role of Tet2 in bone marrow microenvironment is unclear. Here in this study, we found that more Tet2-/- mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow were in the G2/M cell cycle stages. The division time of Tet2-/- MSCs was shorter than that of the control cells. The growth rate of Tet2-/- MSCs was accelerated. The cobblestone area-forming cells assay (CAFC) showed that Tet2 knockout MSCs supported the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the differentiation of HSCs was skewed towards myeloid cells. Through the dot blotting experiment, we found that the total methylation level was increased in Tet2-/- bone marrow cells (BM). We used the methylation-chip to analyze the methylation level of Tet2-/- bone marrow cells and found that the level of methylation was increased in the transcriptional starting area (TSS), exons (EXONS) and 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Moreover, we found that the cytokines secreted by Tet2-/- MSCs, such as IL-8 and IL-18, were decreased. While the expressions of GM-CSF and CCL-3, which supported hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate to myeloid cells, were increased in Tet2-/- MSCs. Our results demonstrated that Tet2 regulates MSCs to support hematopoiesis.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins