BACKGROUND: Female hypertension has its own epidemicologic character and the chief interventions on it are various.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of female hypertension and observe the effects on rehabilitative and preventive intervention in demonstrative community for comprehensive prevention and treatment of cardiac cerebral vascular disease in Guizhou.DESIGN: Group randomization was designed. The samples of certain percentage were randomized according to total population from each village of 13 administrative areas.SETTING: Guizhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Renmin Hospital of Yunyan District in Guiyang, Guizhou Clinical Examination Center.PARTICIPANTS: Since 1996, a series of comprehensive prevention and treatment had been carried in the communities for cardiac cerebral vascular disease in Guizhou, involved 13 administrative areas and 112 villagecitizen groups, in which, 26 604 people were employed, living in the regions between town and country. Social natural condition and life behavior of majority citizen reflected the common state of people in town and country. Totally 3 934 people aged over 15 years were investigated in the communities, and were all in the known of investigation. The samples without complete data were excluded.METHODS: ① Base-line investigation was carried on for the groups over 15 years old according to the requirement for administrative region designed by Institute of Preventive Medicine of China Academy of Sciences from April 1st 2001 to May 15th . ② Health education and health promotion activity were carried on for the included groups. ③ Survey after intervention was given for females according to the survey items designed by Institute of Preventive Medicine of China Academy of Sciences from July 2002to June 2003. ④ Normal body-mass index (BMI) was 18.5-23.9 kg/m2,overweight was indicated if BMI was 24-27.9 kg/m2 and obesity was diagnosed if BMI ≥28 kg/m2. ⑤ Analysis was applied on comparison of BMI,waist to hip ratio (WHR), average blood pressure, the rates of incidence,awareness and treatment of hypertension and rate of high-salty and lipid diet. ⑥ t test was adopted for comparison of means between two samples and x2 test was used for rate comparison.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of the rates of incidence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension for females of different ages in community base-line investigation in Guizhou. ② Comparison of BMI, WHR and BP of females of various ages in baseline investigation.③ Comparison of incident rate of hypertension for females with various BMI in baseline investigation. ④ Comparison of BMI, WHR, BP, smoke, alcohol, rate of high-salty and lipid diet, the rates of incidence, awareness,treatment and control of hypertension for females between baseline investigation and post-intervention survey.RESULTS: In baseline investigation, 6 361 correct and complete forms were collected, with 99.84% qualified rate, of which, there were 3 934females. 1 141 data were qualified after intervention. It was indicated in community baseline investigation: ① Rates of incidence, awareness and treatment of hypertension for females were improved with increased age (P ＜ 0.05), and the control rate was decreased with increased age (P ＜ 0.05). ② BMI, WHR, SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) and PP (pulse pressure) were improved significantly with in creased age (P ＜ 0.01). BMI for females was increased with ages, but was declined with age ≥60 years. ③ The incident rates of hypertension for groups of normal body mass, overweight and obesity were 15.05%, 23.87% and 39.37% successively, indicating that the hypertension inci dent rate was increased significantly with improved BMI (paired compari son, P ＜ 0.05). Comparison between post-intervention survey and base-line investigation: ① In the comparison, the results of BMI, WHR and BP means were reduced for most cases at same age and significant difference was displayed in majority (P ＜ 0.05). ② After intervention, smoke rate of females was increased significantly and rate of high-salty and lipid diet was decreased (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Incident rate after health intervention was decreased significantly compared with that before intervention (P ＜ 0.05),and the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were enhanced significantly (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ① The rates of incidence, awareness, treatment and control of female hypertension are different in ages in community of Guizhou. ② The severity of risk factor of female hypertension is enhanced with increased age in community of Guizhou. ③ The increased body mass is the important factor of incident rate of hypertension. ④ Health education probably decreases the severity of risk factor of hypertension and increases the rates of awareness, treatment and control.

A temporary demand pacemaker with electrocardiosignal display is introduced in this paper. Double way low-noise electrocardiosignal preamplifier, amplitude limiter, high and low pass filter, 50 Hz notch filter, TTL level generator and stimulating pulse formation circuit are components of the hardware electrocircuit. The demand pacing and the electrocardiosignal display are separately controlled by the software in which the double microcontrollers communications technique is used. In this study, liquid crystal display is firstly used in body surface electrocardiosignal display or intracardial electrophysiologic signal display when the temporary demand pacemaker is installed and put into use. The machine has proven clinically useful and can be of wide appliation.
Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial

Objective: To investigate the effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Method: The growth of HepG2 cells was detected by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the effect of Chinese medicine and 5-FU alone or combined use on the growth of HepG2 cells was analyzed by the principle of efficacy. The growth curves of HepG2 cells were plotted to determine the relationship between drug effect and combination index as well as the interaction between drugs. Scratch test was used to detect the effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU on the migration of HepG2 cells. Cell invasion assay (transwell chamber) was used to detect the effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU on the invasion ability of HepG2 cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU on EMT-related genes E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Zinc finger transcription factors (snail, twist) mRNA expression after 24 hours of treatment on HepG2 cells. The expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail and Vimentin in HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot after treatment by modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU for 24 hours. Result: MTT assay showed that with the increase of drug concentration, the inhibitory effect of modified Lichongtang, 5-FU alone or combined use on HepG2 cell growth was also increased. Statistical analysis showed that the combined use of these two drugs at a low dosage could produce better synergistic effect on HepG2 cells after 24 hours of treatment. Therefore, modified Lichongtang and 5-FU were selected to treat HepG2 cells for 24 hours. 25%inhibitory concentration (IC₂₅) was 800 mg·L^-1 modified Lichongtang, 3.125 mg·L^-15-FU. Blank group, 5-FU group, Lichongtang+5-FU group, and modified Lichongtang group were set for follow-up experiments. Scratch and invasion experiments showed that modified Lichongtang, 5-FU alone and combined use can inhibit HepG2 cell migration and invasion ability (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with 5-FU group, the inhibitory effect was more obvious in modified Lichongtang+5-FU group. As compared with the blank group, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin were up-regulated, while the mRNA expression levels of N-cadherin, Snail and Twist were and down-regulated in the 5-FU group and the 5-FU+modified Lichongtang group (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with 5-FU group, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin was up-regulated while the mRNA expression levels N-cadherin, Snail and Twist were down-regulated in the 5-FU+modified Lichongtang group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Western blot showed that as compared with the blank group, E-cadherin protein expression was up-regulated while N-cadherin, Snail and Vimentin protein expression levels were down-regulated in 5-FU group and 5-FU+modified Lichongtang group (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with the 5-FU group, E-cadherin protein expression was up-regulated while N-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin protein expression levels were down-regulated in 5-FU+modified Lichongtang group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU can produce a better synergistic effect on HepG2 cells at a low dosage for 24 hours, and can significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin, down-regulate the expression of N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin and Twist in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT-related gene expression may be associated with enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs, and may act as one of the mechanisms for synergistic effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU.

Objective: To describe the status of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use in areas with a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China. Methods: This study was based on the National Key Research and Development Program of "National Precision Medicine Cohort of Esophageal Cancer" and "Study on Identification and Prevention of High-risk Populations of Gastrointestinal Malignancies (Esophageal cancer, Gastric cancer and Colorectal cancer)" . From January 2017 to August 2018, 212 villages or communities with a high incidence of esophageal cancer or gastric cancer were selected from 12 regions in 6 provinces. A total of 35 910 residents aged between 40 and 69 years old who met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent were investigated and enrolled in this study. The use of NSAIDs, demographic characteristics, health-related habits, height, weight, and blood pressure were collected by the questionnaire and physical examination. The status of main NSAIDs (aspirin, acetaminophen and ibuprofen) use with the difference varying in genders, age groups and regions were analyzed by using χ² test and Cochran-Armitage trend analysis method. Results: Of 35 910 subjects, the mean age was (54.6±7.1) years old and males accounted for 43.42% (15 591). The overall prevalence of NSAIDs intake was 4.56% (1 638), but it significantly varied in different provinces (P<0.001). The overall prevalence of NSAIDs intake was 4.87% (1 750) in females, which was significantly higher than that in males 4.24% (1 524) (P<0.001). The prevalence of NSAIDs intake increased with age (P for trend <0.001). As the frequency of NSAIDs intake increased, the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, gastrointestinal ulcers and black stools increased (P for trend <0.05 for all). Conclusion The use of NSAIDs is prevalent in some areas with a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China. The increased use of NSAIDs may lead to more adverse effects related to the gastrointestinal tract.

Transposable elements (TEs) have no longer been totally considered as "junk DNA" for quite a time since the continual discoveries of their multifunctional roles in eukaryote genomes. As one of the most important and abundant TEs that still active in human genome, Alu, a SINE family, has demonstrated its indispensable regulatory functions at sequence level, but its spatial roles are still unclear. Technologies based on 3C (chromosome conformation capture) have revealed the mysterious three-dimensional structure of chromatin, and make it possible to study the distal chromatin interaction in the genome. To find the role TE playing in distal regulation in human genome, we compiled the new released Hi-C data, TE annotation, histone marker annotations, and the genome-wide methylation data to operate correlation analysis, and found that the density of Alu elements showed a strong positive correlation with the level of chromatin interactions (hESC: r = 0.9, P < 2.2 × 10(16); IMR90 fibroblasts: r = 0.94, P < 2.2 × 10(16)) and also have a significant positive correlation with some remote functional DNA elements like enhancers and promoters (Enhancer: hESC: r = 0.997, P = 2.3 × 10(-4); IMR90: r = 0.934, P = 2 × 10(-2); Promoter: hESC: r = 0.995, P = 3.8 × 10(-4); IMR90: r = 0.996, P = 3.2 × 10(-4)). Further investigation involving GC content and methylation status showed the GC content of Alu covered sequences shared a similar pattern with that of the overall sequence, suggesting that Alu elements also function as the GC nucleotide and CpG site provider. In all, our results suggest that the Alu elements may act as an alternative parameter to evaluate the Hi-C data, which is confirmed by the correlation analysis of Alu elements and histone markers. Moreover, the GC-rich Alu sequence can bring high GC content and methylation flexibility to the regions with more distal chromatin contact, regulating the transcription of tissue-specific genes.
Alu Elements ; genetics ; Base Composition ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromatin ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; CpG Islands ; DNA ; metabolism ; Databases, Genetic ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; genetics ; Genome, Human ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Methylation

Escherichia coli ; chemistry ; cytology ; Fluorine Radioisotopes ; MAP Kinase Kinase 5 ; chemistry ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3 ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; methods ; Protein Interaction Maps