The chemosensitivity enhancive mechanism on nitric oxide includes three routes:adjust the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α(HIF-1 α),classical nitric oxide signal pathway and combine with the reaction products of other molecules.Traditional nitric oxide donor compounds include nitroferricya-nide,organic nitrates,s-nitrosothiols,azo onium diol aldoxide,non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs,whose function of antitumor and chemotherapy sensitization caused extensive attention.

A 61 year-old male patient, plasma fibrinogen level was 2.98 g/L, endoscopic sinus surgery was performed under general anesthesia for polypoid of uncinate process with mycotic maxillary sinusitis. Hemocoagulase were given in pre- and post-operative for treatment. The patient was found postoperative drain blood continuously since 3 days after surgery, when the dose of hemocoagulase reach 26 KU, and fibrinogen determined in Plasma was 0.48 g/L. Coagulation returned to normal and nasal bleeding stopped after discontinuation of the hemocoagulase and supplement with fibrinogen.
Batroxobin ; adverse effects ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; chemically induced ; Endoscopy ; adverse effects ; Fibrinogen ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery

Objective To investigate the relationship between cleftpalate and secretory otitis media so that the secretory otitis media resulted from cleftpalate was treated and prevented effectively. Methods 116 children with cleftpalate and 73 normal children were investigated by tympanogram, hearing threshold and auditory brain response. Results The incidence of secretory otitis media and hearing loss had significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions Children with cleftpalate had high incidence of secretory otitis media and hearing loss. We should pay more attention to the treatment and prevention of secretory otitis media in children with cleftpalate. It is necessary for the cleftpalate children to insert the tympanal pressure equalization tubes while palatal surgery is performed.

Background and purpose: There have been no reports on the clinical and biological significance of the co-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and β-catenin (β-cat) in has.pharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). This study was aimed to investigate the expression of iNOS and β-cat in NPC, to analyze their interrelation, and to explore their roles in the carcinogenesis, development, invasion, and metastasis of NPC. Methods: The expression of iNOS and β-cat was examined in 50 poorly differentiated NPC and 15 normal nasopharyngeal epithelium tissue by immunohistochemical staining (SP method). None of the patients had received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The results of immunostaining were observed by two pathologists independently, using double blind scoring method. iNOS and β-cat expression were categorized by the extent and intensity of staining using a semiquantitative method. Results: No iNOS expression was observed in 15 normal nasopharyngeal epithelium, but β-cat expression was located in cytomembrane in normal samples. The positive rate of iNOS protein expression was 74.0% (37/50) in NPC tissues. The expression of iNOS was statistically different among the NPC group and normal nasopharyngeal epithelium group, T_(1-2) group and T_(3-4) group, metastatic lymph nodes group and no metastatic lymph nodes group. There was a great quantity of β-cat expression in cytoplasm, little or no β-cat expression in cytomembrane and nucleus in NPC tumorous tissues. Statistical analysis indicated that strong positive expression of β-cat in cytoplasm was significantly higher in NPC than those of normal nasopharyngeal epithelium. The positive expression of β-cat was significantly correlated with clinical stage, invasion and lymph gland metastasis. Neither iNOS nor β-cat was significantly different between different ages and genders. There was a positive relationship between iNOS and β-cat expression in NPC tissues (r=0.394, P=0.005). Conclusion: The positive expressions of iNOS and β-cat in cytoplasm were significantly correlated with clinical stage, invasion and metastasis, and were not significantly different in terms of ages and genders of the patients. There was a positive relationship between the expression of iNOS and β-cat in NPC tissues. Co-overexpression of iNOS and β-cat may play an important role in carcinogenesis, development, invasion, and metastasis of NPC.

Background and purpose:Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy(CCRT) was considered the best treatment plan for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),but there was no uniform conclusion as to which category of patients and which chemotherapy associated radiotherapy would have the best therapeutic effect. As the standard treatment plan for advanced NPC, DDP concurrent chemo-radiotherapy was recommended by some scholars. DDP can raise the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) protein and synthesize nitric oxide (NO) with anti-tumor effects, so we considered whether the therapeutic effect could be predicted and the corresponding treatment plan could be selectived to detect the iNOS expression in the pretherapy NPC tissues.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the expression of iNOS protein and the nasopharyngeal tumor with complete response or with residue after DDP concurrent chemo-radiotherapy, so that the most appropriate plan of treatment can be adopted and the complete response rate of nasopharyngeal tumor can be raised. Methods:All patients were poorly differentiated NPC.The expression of iNOS protein was examined in 30 patients of nasopharyngeal tumor with complete response and 30 patients with residual tumor after DDP concurrent chemo-radiotherapy by immunohistochemical staining (SP method).None of the patients had received radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Results:Immunohistochemical examination revealed that iNOS expression in the NPC tissues was located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the tumorous tissues. The intensity of iNOS expression was stronger in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm of the tumorous tissues.The positive rates of iNOS protein expressions were 71.67%(43/60) in NPC tissues. It was 86.67% and 53.33% in 30 tumors with complete response and with residual tumor, respectively. The difference was statistically significant.The rate of iNOS strong postive expressions in the group of residual tumors was higher than that of the group with complete response. It was statistically different,but weak and moderate postive expressions did not have statistical difference.Conclusions:According to the difference of iNOS expression, it is a valuable method to select the most appropriate plan of treatment and the complete response rate of nasopharyngeal tumor can be raised.

Background and purpose:Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) overexpression has been detected in various malignancies.Nitric oxide(NO) produced by iNOS play an important role in the carcinogenesis,growth,invasion,metastasis and angiogenesis of tumors.However,the clinical and biological significance of the expression of iNOS in NPC were rarely reported in the literature.This study was to investigate the expression of iNOS in NPC and its role in the carcinogenesis,development,invasion and metastasis of NPC.Methods:The expression of iNOS was examined in 40 poorly differentiated NPC and 10 normal nasopharyngeal epithelium tissues by immunohistochemical staining(SP method).The results of immunoassaying were observed by two pathologists independently,using double blank scoring method.iNOS expression was categorized on the base of extent and intensity of staining using a semi quantitative method.The immunoreactive score was obtained by multiplying the extent score with the intensity of score.An immunoreactive score of 2 or higher was considered positive expression.Results:① iNOS was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the tumor tissues.The intensity of iNOS expression was stronger in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm of the tumor tissues.②iNOS expression were significantly higher in NPC than those of normal nasopharyngeal epithelium.The positive protein expression rates of iNOS were 67.5%(27/40).The positive expressions of iNOS were significantly correlated with clinical stage,invasion and metastasis. There were no significant difference in terms of age and gender.Conclusions:① Immunohistochemical examination revealed that iNOS expression in the NPC tissues was located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the tumorous tissues.The intensity of iNOS expression was stronger in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm of the tumorous tissues.②iNOS may play an important role in the carcinogenesis,development,invasion,metastasis of NPC,respectively.The radiotherapeutic response of NPC may be enhanced by using the selective inhibitors of iNOS.

Objective To investigate the effect induced by specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1 400 W on nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells lines and its mechanism.Methods CNE-2 cells were treated by different concentrations of 1 400 W,diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP),and both chemicals.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to examine the viability of cells.Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the iNOS mRNA expression.Results The expression of iNOS mRNA was down-regulated by 1400W and was positively correlated with inhibitionrate of cell proliferation.1 400 W inhibits proliferation of CNE-2 cell in a concentration-dependent manner.The proliferation inhibition rate of CNE-2 cells treated by 1 400 W combined with DDP was not enhanced.Conclusions Specific inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 1 400 W can exerts anti-tumor effect though inhibiting the expression of iNOS mRNA;The mechanism of chemosensitization induced by iNOS inhibitor on CNE-2 cells may be closely related level of down-regulation of iNOS expression.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative effect of pediatric chronic sinusitis and analyze its relative factors, so that the best treatment plan and operation time can be choose. METHOD: Two hundred and twenty cases of pediatric chronic sinusitis were divided into 4 groups: group A with only simple chronic sinusitis, group B accompanied adenoid hypertrophy. Among group B, group B1 with no nasal cavity structural abnormalities but group B2 on the contrary. Group C accompanied only nasal cavity structural abnormalities. According to the documents, all patients were administered with standard and systematical three-stage treatment. The curative effect of each group was calculated and analyzed in each treated stage. RESULT: After the first stage treated in 220 pediatric chronic sinusitis, a statistical significance of curative effect could be observed between group A and B, A and B1, A and B2, A and C (P < 0.01), but none between group B and C, B1 and B2, B1 and C, B2 and C (P > 0.01). Ninety-four patients in group B were accepted the second stage treated: adenoidectomy after first treatment failed. There was a statistical significance of curative effect between group B1 and B2 (P < 0.01). Once the above management both failed, endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was carried out. The total effective rate of FESS was 89.65%. CONCLUSION The systemic, disciplinary medical management has some referred value in the treatment for children with chronic sinusitis. Adenoid hypertrophy and nasal cavity structural abnormalities are two relative factors of the curative effect in pediatric chronic sinusitis. The time and cost of therapy can be saved if adenoidectomy and FESS are done for cases with adenoid hypertrophy or (and) nasal cavity structural abnormalities with the systemic, disciplinary medical management simultaneously.
Adenoidectomy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Care Planning ; Sinusitis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between the expression of COX-2 protein and the effect of radiotherapy, estimate the value of COX-2 in predicting the effect of radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,provide theoretical basement for establishing characteristic project of treatment and raising curative effect and life quantity. METHOD: The expression of COX-2 protein was examined in 30 radiosensitive and 30 radioresistant poorly differentiated NPC by immunohistochemical staining (SP method) before radiotherapy. The relation between the expression of COX-2 and the effect of radiotherapy was analyzed. RESULT: The positive rate of COX-2 protein expression was 61. 67% in NPC tissues, there was statistical difference( P <0. 01) of the positive rate between the 86. 67 % of 30 radioresistant and 36. 67 % of radiosensitive NPC tissues. The intensity of COX-2 protein expressions showed statistical difference( P <0. 05),too. Based on the expression of COX-2, the effect of radiotherapy, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false positive and false negative were predicted as follows: 86. 67Y, 63. 33% ,75. 00%, 70. 27% ,82. 61% ,36. 67% and 13. 33 , respectively. CONCLUSION COX-2 expression may serve as a marker in predicting the response to radiotherapy in NPC. According to the expression of COX-2, the sound treatment scheme can be selected.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on radiation response of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F radiotherapy resistant cell line (5-8FRs) and to provide experimental basis for finding suitable radiosensitizer on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:5-8FRs cells were cultured in vivo and treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) of different concentrations. The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) method. A concentration of IC 01 SNP (1% SNP) which had no obvious effect on the proliferation of 5-8FRs cells was screened out. The 5-8FRs cells were intervened with 1, 2, 4, 6 Gy and 8 Gy radiation to determine the radiation dose of IC 15 (15% radiation dose). 5-8FRs cells were treated with IC 01 SNP concentration, IC 15 radiation dose and radiotherapy alone or in combination. The morphological changes of 5-8FRs cells were observed under microscope. The proliferation inhibition rate of each group was detected by CCK-8 method, the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the concentration of NO in cell supernatant was detected by nitrate reduction method. Results:⑴ The proliferation of 5-8FRs had been inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by SNP and a dose-dependent manner by radiation. The SNP concentration of IC 01 was (513.89±14.69)μmol/L (SNP group). The radiation dose of IC 15 was (3.96±0.33)Gy (radiotherapy group); ⑵ Compared with single SNP group and radiotherapy group, the morphology of 5-8FRs cells in combination group (SNP+ radiotherapy) was significantly different, floating cells increased significantly, the number of adherent cells gradually decreased and lost their original morphology; ⑶ SNP concentration of IC 01 had no significant effect on the proliferation of 5-8FRs cells, but the inhibition rate of combined group was significantly higher than that of radiotherapy group ( t=7.708, P<0.01); The concentration of NO in the combined group was significantly higher than that in the single radiotherapy group [(310.03±5.76)μmol/L vs (77.34±2.60)μmol/L, P<0.05]; ⑷ The spontaneous apoptosis rate of 5-8FRs was (1.35±0.06)%, while the apoptosis rate in the group of IC 01SNP was (2.22±0.37)%, with no significant difference. The apoptosis rate of 5-8FRs in the combined group (50.27±2.24)% was significantly higher than that of the group of IC 15 radiation dose(15.37±0.65)%. Conclusions:Under no obvious toxicity to cells themselves circumstances, exogenous nitric oxide with appropriate concentration could significantly enhance the radiosensitivity on 5-8FRs.