Independent component analysis (ICA) is a statistic technique which extracts independent components from a set of standard signals. Since Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are the mixture of several relatively independent sources, ICA has attracted extensive attention in the field of EEG processing. In this paper, a new Constrained ICA (cICA) algorithm is introduced, it would solve the problem of orderless output when FastICA algorithm is used. The experiment results testify that the cICA algorithm can reduce the effect of different individual when the artifacts of EEG are removed manually. The results also show that the cICA algorithm is robust and performs faster convergence.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Humans ; Principal Component Analysis ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of structural malformations in one of monochorionic diamnionic twins (MCDA). Methods The clinical data of 77 MCDA patients with structural malformations diagnosed by ultrasound were retrospectively reviewed from January 2012 to May 2017. The distribution of structural malformations, prenatal chromosomal karyotyping and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results (1)Among the 77 MCDA patients with structural malformations, the single malformation accounted for 79％(61/77), the multiple malformations accounted for 21％(16/77). And there were a total of 94 types of malformations, the top three malformations were neurological malformations (32％, 30/94), cardiovascular malformations (29％,27/94) and twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAPS;10％,9/94). (2)Among the 77 patients with structural malformation, 64 cases (83％, 64/77) were examined for fetal chromosomes, of whom 14 cases (22％,14/64) were examined for fetal chromosomes of both twins, with 1 case (1/14) of discordant fetal chromosome. (3)Among the 77 patients, 4 cases (5％, 4/77) with severe fetal malformations terminated pregnancy. Totally 29 cases (38％, 29/77) with severe malformations were treated with selective fetal reduction, among whom 7 cases (24％, 7/29) experienced unexplained fetal death within 24 hours after the operation;2 cases (7％, 2/29) happened inevitable abortion, and 2 cases (7％, 2/29) underwent unexplained fetal death during the late pregnancy. Of the remaining 44 patients (57％,44/77) with expectant treatment, 13 cases (30％, 13/44) occurred twin transfusion syndrome (Ⅱ-Ⅳ), and were treated with fetoscopic laser occlusion. Eight patients had 2 survival twins, 4 patients delivered 1 survival twin, and 1 patient had dead twins. Conclusions The most common malformations in MCDA twins are the nervous malformations, cardiovascular malformations and TRAPS. The chromosome karyotype of MCDA twins with structural malformations are sometimes discordant, and separate samling of the twins is suggested for prenatal diagnosis. Selective fetal reduction could be given to severe structural malformation in MCDA patients safely and effectively. For non-severe structural malformation in MCDA patients with twin transfusion syndrome, fetoscopic laser occlusion is safe and effective.

Craniofacial malformation caused by premature fusion of cranial suture of infants has a serious impact on their growth. The purpose of skull remodeling surgery for infants with craniosynostosis is to expand the skull and allow the brain to grow properly. There are no standardized treatments for skull remodeling surgery at the present, and the postoperative effect can be hardly assessed reasonably. Children with sagittal craniosynostosis were selected as the research objects. By analyzing the morphological characteristics of the patients, the point cloud registration of the skull distortion region with the ideal skull model was performed, and a plan of skull cutting and remodeling surgery was generated. A finite element model of the infant skull was used to predict the growth trend after remodeling surgery. Finally, an experimental study of surgery simulation was carried out with a child with a typical sagittal craniosynostosis. The evaluation results showed that the repositioning and stitching of bone plates effectively improved the morphology of the abnormal parts of the skull and had a normal growth trend. The child's preoperative cephalic index was 65.31%, and became 71.50% after 9 months' growth simulation. The simulation of the skull remodeling provides a reference for surgical plan design. The skull remodeling approach significantly improves postoperative effect, and it could be extended to the generation of cutting and remodeling plans and postoperative evaluations for treatment on other types of craniosynostosis.
Child ; Computer Simulation ; Cranial Sutures/surgery* ; Craniosynostoses/surgery* ; Humans ; Infant ; Skull/surgery*

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of modified Chaihu Shugansan on the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ（CaMKⅡ）/cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB） signaling pathway in the hippocampus and heart tissue of a rat model with myocardial ischemia and depression and explore the mechanism by which this formula prevents and treats coronary heart disease combined with depression. MethodsThe model of myocardial ischemia combined with depression was established by high-fat diet， intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol （ISO）， and chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. A total of 108 SD male rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， high （23.4 g·kg^-1）， medium （11.7 g·kg^-1）， and low （5.85 g·kg^-1） dose groups of modified Chaihu Shugansan， CaMKⅡ inhibitor （KN93） group， and KN93 + high， medium， and low dose groups of modified Chaihu Shugansan， with 12 rats in each group. From the first day of modeling to the end of modeling， drugs were administered once a day. In the seventh and eighth weeks， the KN93 group and the KN93 + high， medium， and low dose groups of modified Chaihu Shugansan were intraperitoneally injected with KN93 three times weekly. At the end of the eighth week， behavioral tests including sucrose preference， open field， and elevated plus maze were conducted. Electrocardiogram （ECG） lead Ⅱ changes were observed in each group of rats， and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe changes in heart tissue. Serum levels of triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein （HDL）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL）， and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） were measured by using an enzyme-labeled instrument. Creatine kinase （CK） and creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry， while serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect mRNA expression of CaMKⅡ and CREB in hippocampal and heart tissue， and Western blot was performed to assess protein expression of CaMKⅡ， phosphorylated （p）-CaMKⅡ， CREB， and p-CREB. ResultsCompared to the normal group， the model group showed significant reductions in sucrose preference rate， total activity distance in the open field， number of entries into the center area of the open field， and percentage of entries into the open arms of the elevated plus maze （P<0.01）. The ECG showed ST-segment elevation， and HE staining showed serious degeneration of myocardial fibers， disordered arrangement， and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells. In addition， serum TC and LDL levels increased （P<0.01）， and HDL level decreased （P<0.01）. CK， CK-MB， LDH， and MCP-1 levels significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of CaMKⅡ and CREB and the protein expression of p-CaMKⅡ and p-CREB decreased in the hippocampal tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， but those increased in the heart tissue （P<0.01）. Compared to the model group， the high， medium， and low dose groups of modified Chaihu Shugansan showed improvements in these abnormalities. The KN93 group had reduced sucrose preference， total activity distance in the open field， number of entries into the center area of the open field， and percentage of entries into the open arms of the elevated plus maze （P<0.01）， as well as decreased serum CK， CK-MB， LDH， and MCP-1 levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. KN93 also reduced ST-segment elevation， alleviated the degeneration degree of myocardial fibrosis， and lowered inflammatory cell infiltration. The mRNA expression of CaMKⅡ and CREB and the protein expression of p-CaMKⅡ and p-CREB in both the hippocampal and heart tissue were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The KN93 + high， medium， and low dose groups of modified Chaihu Shugansan showed further improvements in these abnormalities compared to the KN93 group. ConclusionThe modified Chaihu Shugansan exerts antidepressant and myocardial protective effects in rats with myocardial ischemia and depression， possibly related to bidirectional regulation of the CaMKⅡ/CREB signaling pathway， with the high-dose modified Chaihu Shugansan showing the best effects.