Objective To explore the anti-tumor effect and the influence of antitumor immunity of PD-L1/PD-1 blocked by PD-1 antibody combined with cisplatin. Methods Tumor models were established by injecting TC-1 cells into C57BL/6 mice, and the mice were divided into four groups (n = 4). The tumor growth curves and survival curves were drawn to observe the anti-tumor effect. The tumors were then removed; and the PD-L1 and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by immunohistochemical method. Results The anti-tumor effect was greater in the cisplatin group , PD-1 antibody group , and PD-1 antibody plus cisplatin group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Expression of PD-L1 in the tumor tissues was markedly increased in the cisplatin group and it was obviously decreased in the combination group (P < 0.05). CD8+ T cells decreased in the cisplatin group; and expression of CD8+ T cells was significantly increased the combination group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The anti-tumor effect and anti-tumor immunity of cisplatin are enhanced by blocking PD-L1/PD-1 pathway with PD-1 antibody.

Objective · To investigate the expression of the regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) and calcineurin A (CnA) in tissues of in-stent restenosis after intervention of arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO), and to explore the relationship between their expression levels and the occurance of in-stent restenosis. Methods · Superficial femoral arterial tissues were collected from 15 ASO patients undergoing lower extremity amputation for in-stent restenosis in Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from September 2013 to June 2016. H-E staining and Masson staining were performed on the stenosis tissues, as well as on the proximal and distal tissues, and the morphological changes of these tissues were observed under optical microscope. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of RCAN1, CnA and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The distribution of RCAN1 and CnA proteins was observed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation was used to validate the protein-protein interaction between RCAN1 and CnA in vascular tissues. Results · The expression of RCAN1 in the distal tissues was significantly elevated compared with the proximal tissues and the stenosis tissues (P<0.05). The expression of RCAN1 in the proximal tissues was higher than that in the stenosis tissues (P <0.05). The expression of CnA and PCNA in the stenosis tissues was significantly elevated compared with the proximal tissues and the distal tissues (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses showed that RCAN1 and CN proteins were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of vascular smooth muscle cells. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed there is protein-protein interaction between RCAN1 and CnA in arterial tissues. Conclusion · The low expression of RCAN1 and the high expression of CnA are probably related to the occurrence of in-stent restenosis.

Objective To study the benchmark dose (BMD) of fluoride concentration in saliva,and to evaluate the significance of saliva fluoride on control and prevention of endemic fluorosis.Methods In September 2014,middle school students in endemic fluorosis areas and non-endemic fluorosis areas in North China Petoleum were selected as objects.The contents of fluoride in water,urine and saliva were determined.The correlation of fluoride content in water,urine fluoride and fluoride concentration in saliva was analyzed.According to the levels of the saliva fluoride concentration,the children were divided into 11 groups,＜ 1.00,1.00-,2.00-,3.00-,4.00-,5.00-,6.00-,7.00-,8.00-,9.00-and ≥ 10.00 mg/L.The prevalence of dental fluorosis and defected dental fluorosis were investigated and the saliva fluoride concentration was calculated by Banch-Mark Dose Software.Results Compared with non endemic areas,the fluoride contents in water,urine and saliva [(2.13 ± 0.13),(1.29 ±0.73),(4.01 ± 3.61) mg/L] were higher than that in endemic areas [(0.67 ± 0.13),(0.38 ± 0.08),(0.75 ± 0.12) mg/L,t =158.730,24.780,18.114,all P ＜ 0.01].The fluoride concentration in saliva was positively correlated with the fluoride content in water and urine in endemic areas (r =0.626,0.945,all P ＜ 0.01).The (BMDs and benchmark dose lower bound (BMDLs) were 0.91,0.54,3.72,3.32 mg/L respectively,calculated by Banch-Mark Dose Software.With the increase of fluoride concentration in saliva,the prevalence of dental fluorosis and defect dental fluorosis had increased too,especially when the fluoride content in saliva was more than 4 mg/L.There were significant doseresponse relationships between the urine fluoride and the prevalence of dental fluorosis and defected dental fluorosis.Conclusion The fluoride concentration in saliva could be used as one of the evaluation indexes of fluorosis,and the BMD of saliva fluoride concentration in endemic fluorosis areas is suggested as 0.91 mg/L.

Objective:To analyze the effect of continuing care in patients treated with endonasal endoscopic conjunctivorhinostomy, so as to guide its clinical application.Methods:A total of 192 patients were selected with endonasal endoscopic conjunctivorhinostomy who were admitted to the Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2013 to June 2019 as the research objects. Randomized digital table method was used to divide them into control group and observation group, 96 cases in each group. The control group was given routine instructions before discharge, while the patients in observation group were given continuing care intervention on the basis of control group, including establishment of a continuing care group, establishment of health files of discharged patients, regular follow-up through telephone, establishment of WeChat groups for patients or their families, opening WeChat official account, organization of doctor-patient discussion meeting, and setting up reexamination services. The reexamination adherence rate, medication adherence rate, care satisfaction and treatment efficacy were compared between the two groups 6 months after implementation.Results:The reexamination adherence rate of the observation group on 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge were 85.42%(82/96), 96.88%(93/96), 72.92%(70/96), and the control group were 62.50%(60/96), 73.96%(71/96), and 43.75%(42/96), respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 13.088,20.237, 16.800, P<0.05); the medication adherence rate of the observation group was 89.58%(86/96), and the control group was 62.50%(60/96), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 19.326, P<0.05); the observation group's care satisfaction was 94.79%(91/96), the control group was 78.13%(75/96), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 11.388, P<0.05); the total treatment efficacy in the observation group was 96.88%(93/96), and the control group was 87.50%(84/96), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 5.858, P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of continuing care for patients treated with endonasal endoscopic conjunctivorhinostomy can improve patients′ reexamination and medication adherence, improve care satisfaction, promote patients′ good recovery and achieve better surgical effects, which is worthy to recommend its clinical application.

Objective To characterize the changes in the dimensions during systolic and diastolic periods in the aorta with ECG-gated multi-detector CTA scans.Methods The CT angiograms of 115 patients (78 males,mean age 55.2 ± 9.4 years;37 females,mean age 60.1 ± 8.5 years) both in systolic and diastolic periods were obtained on a 64-slice ECG-gated multi-detector CT scanner.The diameters were measured at four anatomic levels of the aorta.(Level A:1 mm proximal to the innominate artery;Level B:1 mm distal to the left common carotid artery;Level C:1 mm distal to the left subclavian artery;Level D:10cm distal to the left subclavian artery).On each level,the maximal and the minimal diameters were measured both in systolic and diastolic periods.Results The paired sample t test results showed a significant difference between the systolic and diastolic diameters in all individual subjects on every level (P ＜0.001).The mean maximum diameter changes were 1.95％ (range-2.0％ to 7.0％),2.12％ (range-3.0％ to 6.0％),1.88％(range-1.0％ to 8.0％)and2.47％(range-3.0％ to 10.0％)at level A,B,C and D,respectively.The mean minimum diameter changes were 1.43％ (range-3.0％ to 5.0％),2.67％ (range-2.0％ to 11.0％),1.75％ (range-14.0％ to 9.0％)and 2.99％ (range -2.0％ to 11.0％) at level A,B,C and D,respectively.Conclusions The differences of the aortic diameters between systolic and diastolic periods are significant.The pulsatility of aorta in Chinese population may be different from published Western literature.

Objective To investigate clinical feature,therapy and prognosis of 63 (rhabdomyolysis,RM) patients.Methods Retrospective analysis was used for the 63 patients who were from Nanjing from Janurary 2010 to August of 2016.Results Clinical history:the pathogenic factors mainly contained eating lobster,excessive exercise,lipid-lowering drugs,and minority patients were induced by infection,cardiac defibrillation,alcohol,and unexplained factors.Clinical features:most patients presented different degree of muscle soreness and weakness,and urine color of soy sauce;and few patients manifested a fever,respiratory distress and sound hoarse.Of which 11 RM patients concurrent acute kidney injury (AKI),there was no obvious bias of pathogenic factors among 11 patients.Clinical examination:the data was described by median,including creatine kinase 6 400 U/L,aspartate aminotransferase 399 U/L,lactate dehydrogenase 816 U/L,α-hydroxybutyric acid 445 U/L,and myoglobin 1 200 ng/ml.Creatine kinase and myoglobin were selected to measure muscle injure,there was no significant difference among the groups (P ＞ 0.05).Renal tubular injury index such as urincosmotic pressure,urine retinol-binding protein and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) enzyme,the abnormal percentage were 62.5％,50％,and 47.6％.Treatment:patients without complications through resting,water infusion,urine alkalization,were cured;and 11 cases of patients with AKI,1 case gave up,5 cases underwent hemodialysis,and 5 cases underwent conservative treatment,creatinine decreased to the basic level.Conclusions Among different pathogenic factors of RM,there were no obvious differences in clinlcal symptom,muscle damage degree,and whether the coexistence of AKI and prognosis.The understanding of RM,early diagnosis and treatment would prevent AKI and improve the prognosis.

Aim To explore the effects of mangiferin on tissue factor(TF) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) and the underlying mechanisms.Methods HUVECs were isolated and primarily cultured in vitro.After the treatment with mangiferin and oxidized low density lipoprotein(oxLDL), TF expression was determined in HUVECs with real-time PCR and Western blot.Results oxLDLinduced the mRNA and protein expression and pro-thrombotic activity of TF in HUVECs.However, the inductive effects of oxLDL were blocked significantly by mangiferin.Furthermore, mangiferin modified TF expression and activity in a dose-dependent manner.Mangiferin was demonstrated to enhance the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ).In contrast, GW9662, an antagonist of PPARγ, reversed at least partially the suppressive effects of mangiferin on TF.Conclusion Through activating PPARγ, mangiferin suppresses the expression of TF serving pro-thrombotic functions in endothelial cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal on the expression of actin-binding protein cofilin,p-cofilin and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (cdk5) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum in rat brain.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into one control group and three experimental groups.In the experimental groups,ethanol was administered in drinking water at the concentration of 6％ (V/V) for two months.Rats in control group drank normal drinking water.After two months ethanol was removed and ethanol withdrawal syndromes were evaluated.Rats were sacrificed on withdrawal 0 h,withdrawal 6 h and withdrawal 2 d.The expression levels of cofilin,p-cofilin(ser3)and cdk5 in the rat brain were measured by immunohistochemistry methods.Results Withdrawal syndrome scores of ethanol fed rats were obviously higher than those of control rats after ethanol was removed,the highest score occurred at 6 h after ethanol withdrawal.In the nucleus accumbens area of rat brain,the levels of cofilin on withdrawal 0 h significantly decreased compared with control group ((0.31±0.05),(0.39± 0.05),P＜ 0.05).The levels of cdk5 on withdrawal 0 h and withdrawal 6 h significantly increased compared with control group((0.36±0.07),(0.34±0.07),(0.25±0.05),P＜0.05).In the striatum of rat brain,the levels of cofilin on withdrawal 0 h significantly decreased compared with control group ((0.26±0.04),(0.34±0.05),P＜0.05).The levels of p-cofilin on withdrawal 6 h significantly increased compared with control group((0.43±0.06),(0.30±0.06),P＜0.01).The levels of cdk5 on withdrawal 0 h significantly increased compared with control group((0.35±0.06),(0.26±0.05),P＜0.05),and the levels of cofilin on withdrawal 6 h significantly decreased compared with control group((0.37±0.06),(0.26±0.05),P＜0.01).Conclusion Chronic ethanol exposure can induce the development of ethanol dependence,and it accompanies with changes in the expression of actin-binding protein and cdk5 in the brain of rats.

Objective To determine the prognostic value of maximum standard uptake (SUVmax) of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET-CT in patients with newly diagnosed soft tissue sarcomas (STS).Methods The clinical data of 34 patients with STS undergoing 18F-FDG PET-CT before treatment were analyzed retrospectively.The relationship between SUVmax of PET-CT and prognostic factors was evaluated by MannWhitney' s non-paraetric test and Spearman' s rank correlation test.The prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Among 34 patients, the median SUVmax was 10.3 (1.5-28.2), and the median maximum diameter was 6.7 cm (1.8-17.2 cm) with positively association between them (r =0.389, P =0.028).SUVmax was also associated with pathological grade, AJCC staging and distant metastasis, respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).In univariate analysis, distant metastasis, pathological grade, AJCC staging, and SUVmax were found to be the prognostic factors (all P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis results indicated that only the SUVmax and distant metastasis were the independent unfavorable prognostic factors (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The SUmax of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET-CT is well correlated with prognostic factors, and it can predict the prognosis of patients with STS.

Objective The purpose of this study was to study the correlation between dental fluorosis, saliva and plaque fluoride levels and urinary fluoride values in adolescents dental fluorosis. Methods A middle school was chosen as a survey point in the study. Two hundred adolescents were examined the degree of dental fluorosis by Dean's method. These adolescents were divided into four groups according to the severity of fluorosis (n = 52, 40, 28 and 80). Fluoride ion specific electrode was used to measure the fluoride levels in dental plaque, saliva, urinary and drinking water. The differences were analyzed b y ANOVA. Correlation of the fluoride levels between dental plaque, saliva, urine and the degree of dental fluorosis were analyzed by the method of multiple linear regression. Results The average fluoride content of drinking water was (2.20 ± 0.40) mg/L. Compared with controls, the fluoride concentrations in dental plaque, saliva and urine were higher in light, medium and severe dental fluorosis groups [(1.55 ± 0.88), (1.94 ± 0.77), (2.74 ± 0.83) than (0.32 ± 0.20) mg/L; (4.44 ± 1.62), (8.09 ± 0.93), (10.72 ± 0.99) than (0.02 ± 0.01) mg/L;(31.77 ± 6.09), (57.98 ± 1.83), (65.98 ± 2.78) than (13.06 ± 2.11) μg/g, all P<0.05]. Urinary fluoride was correlated with fluoride in saliva and dental plaque (r=0.245, 0.440, all P<0.05). Saliva fluoride was correlated with fluoride in dental plaque (r=0.849, P<0.01). The degree of dental fluorosis was correlated with fluoride in urine and saliva (r = 0.497, 0.896, 0.924, all P< 0.01). The multiple linear regression equation between fluoride in urine and the degree of dent al fluorosis, fluoride in dental plaque and saliva was as follow: y = 1.357 + 1.618x1 + 0.001x2 - 0.331x3 ± 0.69. Conclusions The metabolism of fluoride in body is related with oral fluoride repository in adolescents dental fluorosis. Fluoride in urine is influenced by plaque fluoride level, saliva fluoride concentration and the degree of dental fluorosis.