The root canals of 95 maxillary second primary molars were explored by 10#file combined with 17%EDTA.The canal orifice was observed and orientated by endoscope.Hand instruments were used for root canal preparation and screw conveyor was used to fill the ca-nal with Vitapex paste.MB2 was found in 14 of the 95 molars(14.7%).MB2 orifice was usually located mesially along MB-P.

Objective:To investigate the consumption situation and cognition of health care products in hospitalized patients, ana-lyze the problems in purchasing and use of health care products to provide evidence for the correct selection and rational use of health care products. Methods:The investigation and analysis was conducted with an anonymous questionnaire on awareness and consumption situation of health care products in hospitalized patients. Results:The survey received 129 valid questionnaires, and more than 1/3 re-spondents did not know the differences between health care products and medicines, and 27. 91％ of them treated diseases with health care products, 57. 36％ of them purchased health care products per month, and 96. 12％ of them thought the efficacy of health care products were inconsistent with the advertising efficacy. Conclusion:Patients cannot distinguish health care products from medicines, and lack of trust in the health care products market. Corresponding measures should be performed to help patients purchase and use of health care products and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by a variety of causes resulting in rapid decline in renal function and manifestingclinical syndrome, whether mild or severe kidney damage it caused, the permanent loss of renal function will exist; the mortality of patients with septic AKI is as high as over 70%. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) can significantly improve the clinical prognosis of patients with AKI and reduce its mortality. However, the selections of RRT treatment mode, dose and timing of start or stop exist a lot of controversies. In this report, as using RRT to treat critically ill patients with AKI is still a hot topic in academic research, the related literatures of RRT guidelines, score evaluation, renal function indexes and biological marker aspects were reviewed and summarized.

BACKGROUND:It is necessary to carry out multiple operations to remove the scar in patients with large area of scar, and whether the scar tissue can be recycled has become the focus of the study. OBJECTIVE:To compare the tissue structure, biomechanical properties and biocompatibility of the acel ular dermal matrix of mature scar tissue and normal skin. METHODS:The acel ular dermal matrix was prepared from the human mature scar tissue and the normal skin around the scar. Subsequently, histological and scanning electron microscope observations were performed, and biomechanical properties were detected using universal tensile testing machine. Then, the acel ular dermal matrix from mature scar tissue and normal skin was co-cultured with fibroblasts for 10 days, respectively, and the cel growth curve was drawn. Additional y, the acel ular dermal matrix from mature scar tissue and normal skin was subcutaneously implanted into the dorsal tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively and histological observation was conducted at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were many gaps but no cel ular components in the acel ular dermal matrix, in both two groups. Col agen fibers of the acel ular dermal matrix derived from mature scar were looser than that of the normal skin, and arranged slightly irregularly;the biomechanical properties of the acel ular dermal matrix derived from mature scar were similar to that of the normal skin, which exhibited appropriate flexibility and strength. There was no significant difference in the growth state of the two kinds of acel ular dermal matrix, and the growth curve was basical y consistent. After 4 weeks of implantation, more inflammatory cel s infiltration could be found in the mature scar group, and in contrast, only a few inflammatory cel s infiltration appeared in the normal skin group, These inflammatory reactions disappeared with time in both two groups. Besides, col agen fibers arranged in neat, and smal vessels grew into the implants in both two groups. In conclusion, the tissue structure, biomechanical properties and biocompatibility of the acel ular dermal matrix derived from scar tissue are almost consistent with those of the human normal skin.

Accurate placement of pedicle screws is a key factor of spinal surgery. Investigation of a new real-time intra-operative monitoring method is an important area of clinical application research which makes a contribution to planting pedicle screw accurately. Porcine spines were chosen as experimental objects. The changes of reduced scattering coefficient (μ'(s)) along normal puncture path, medial perforation path and lateral perforation path were measured and studied. A conclusion is drawn that there are two distinct peaks throughout the puncture process, appearing at the junction of cancellous bone and cortical bone, at the beginning and at the end, respectively. The reduced scattering coefficient is proved to be a good monitoring factor which can identify whether the screw is about to reach the critical position of the spine puncture. Moreover, the variation provides an important reference for spinal surgical navigation process.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Bone Screws ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Punctures ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Spine ; surgery ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Swine

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between diet habits and constitution type of 8448adults from 9 provinces and municipalities of China.MethodsA total of 8448 participants from Jiangsu,Anhui,Gansu,Qinghai,Fujian,Beijing,Jilin,Jiangxi and Henan Province were enrolled in this study.The clinical information of constitution type,diet habits and demographic characteristics was collected.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between diet habits and constitution type.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that gentleness type and Qi-deficiency were correlated with sweet food ( OR =1.22,P ＜ 0.05 ). There was a significantly positive correlation between Yangdeficiency and hot food intake ( OR =2.89,P ＜ 0.05 ),as well as between Yin-deficiency and cold food intake ( OR =1.56,P ＜ 0.05).Phlegm-wetness was mainly caused by fatty food consumption ( OR =2.07,P ＜ 0.05 ).Barbecue food was positively correlated with Wet-heat type ( OR =1.64,P ＜ 0.05 ),Bloodstasis type ( OR =1.37,P ＜ 0.05 ),and Qi-depression type ( OR =1.35,P ＜ 0.05 ).Special diathesis type was related to dietary preference of sweet food ( OR =1.29,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionDifferent type of constitution may be related to specific lifestyle or diet habits,and diet habit might play a positive role in Gentleness type or health condition.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and long-term humoral response in children vaccinated against hepatitis B during infancy.MethodsA total of 293 children (6.08±0.59 years old) who received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to a 0-,1-,6-month schedule during infancy and were negative for HBsAg and/or anti-HBc,were enrolled.Of them,83children with anti-HBs ＜10 mIU/ml were considered as long-term poor responders ( group A),and 210 others with anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/ml were defined as long-term responders ( group B).A total of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,IL-12B,and IL-13 were detected with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsThe allele frequencies of -33T,-589T,and 2979T in IL-4 gene in group A were 86.1%,86.1% and 90.4%,respectively,higher than those in group B (76.0%,76.9%,and 83.3%,respectively,all P＜0.05).In IL-4 gene,frequencies of TT genotype at position -33 and -589 in group A were 74.7% and 75.9% respectively,higher than those in group B (57.1% and 59.0% respectively,both P＜0.01 ),while the frequencies of CT at position -33 and -589 in group A was 22.9% and 20.5% respectively,lower than those in group B (37.6% and 35.7% respectively,both P＜0.05).The genotype distributions of IL-4 2979 and the allele or genotype distributions of 8 other SNPs showed no significant differences between group A and group B.ConclusionPolymorphisms at position -33,-589,and 2979 in IL-4 gene are associated with the long-term humoral response in children vaccinated against hepatitis B during infancy.

Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of salidroside on the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes with rheumatoid arthritis in human(HFLS-RA) induced by tomor necrossi factor-α(TNF-α),and to clarify the molecular mechanism of its control effect on rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:The HFLS-RA were cultured in vitro,then treated with TNF-α and different concentrations of salidroside.The cells were divided into normal control group(0 μg·L-1TNF-α),model control group(10.0 μg·L-1TNF-α)and 12.5,25.0,50.0,and 100.0 μmol·L-1 salidroside groups(10.0 μg·L-1TNF-α+salidroside).The proliferation activity was detected by MTT mehthod;the expression levels of β-catenin,matrix metalloproteinase-7(MMP-7),and Cyclin-D1 in supernatant of the cells were detected by ELISA method;the expression level of β-catenin protein in cells was detected by Western blotting method.Results:Compared with normal control group,the proliferation activity of the HFLS-RA in model control group was significantly increased (P<0.05);compared with model control group,the proliferation activities of the HFLS-RA in 12.5 and 25.0 μmol·L-1 salidroside groups were decreased but there were no significant differences(P>0.05),and the proliferation activities of the HFLS-RA in 50.0 and 100.0 μmol·L-1 salidroside groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with normal control group,the expression levels of β-catenin,MMP-7,and Cyclin-D1 in the supernatant of the cells in model control group were increased(P<0.05).Compared with model control group,the expression levels of β-catenin,MMP-7,and Cyclin-D1 in the supernatant of the cells in 12.5 and 25.0 μmol·L-1 salidroside groups were decreased,but there were no significant differences(P>0.05);the expression levels of β-catenin,MMP-7,and Cyclin-D1 in the supernatant of the cells in 50.0 and 100.0 μmol·L-1 salidroside groups were decreased(P<0.05).The Western blotting results showed that the expression level of β-catenin protein in the cell in model control group was higher than that in normal control group(P<0.01);the expression levels of β-catenin protein in the cells in 12.5 and 25.0 μmol·L-1 salidroside groups were lower than that in model control group,but there were no significant differences(P>0.05);the expression levels of β-catenin protein in the cells in 50.0 and 100.0 μmol·L-1 salidroside groups were lower than that in model control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Salidroside could inhibit the proliferation of HFLS-RA,and its control effect might be related to the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin single pathway.

AIM:To establish a new rat model of depression by the antagonistic relationship of antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters in the brain.METHODS:Dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 was injected into the hippocampus of the rats by microinjection at low, medium and high doses (1, 2 and 4 g/L) to establish a depression model.After modeling, the sucrose consumption, open-field and novelty suppressed feeding tests were used to evaluate the behaviors of the rats, and screen out the best modeling drug dose.The model of depressive rats was induced using the best modeling drug dose and the model rats were observed for 2 weeks.The stability of the model was evaluated by behavioral tests, and the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by ELISA to evaluate the safety of the model.The levels of the antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were analyzed by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), so as to evaluate the pathological characteristics of neurotransmitter imbalance in the brain of the model rats.RESULTS:After modeling, the rat weight, sucrose preference rate, and horizontal motion and vertical motion scores of open-field test were significantly decreased in eACh dose model group, and feeding latent periods of novelty suppressed feeding test were significantly increased, indicating a typical depressive behavior.The rats with the medium dose (2 g/L) of SCH23390 had the most significant depressive behavior.At 2 weeks after modeling, compared with the normal control group, the weight, sucrose preference rate, and horizontal motion and vertical motion scores in medium dose group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the feeding inhibition time was significantly increased (P<0.05).No significant difference in the content of IL-1β and TNF-α in the CSF of normal control group, blank control group and medium dose group was observed, indicating that the model did not cause obvious inflammatory injury, and the modeling method was safe.Compared with blank control group, the contents of 5-HT, NE and Glu in the left hippocampus of rats in medium dose group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the content of DA and ACh showed decreasing trends.The contents of 5-HT, NE and Glu in the right hippocampus of the rats were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of DA and ACh showed decreasing trends.The content of Glu in cerebral cortex was significantly increased (P<0.05), the contents of 5-HT and NE showed increasing trends, and the contents of DA and ACh showed decreasing trends, indicating that the model was basically consistent with the pathological features of neurotransmitter imbalance in the brain of depression.CONCLUSION:This method can successfully replicate the rat model of depression, which has the characteristics of typical and persistent symptoms, fast modeling, and safe and easy operation.Using the dosage of 2 g/L is more suitable.

Objective To clone and express a membrane protein(Tetraspanin 2) gene of Schistosoma japonicum (SjTsp2). Methods A pair of primers was designed to amplify the SjTsp2 gene which was subcloned into prokaryotic plasmid pET28a(+). The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21(D3) and followed by expression of the protein induced by IPTG. The protein was purified by affinity chromatography and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Dilution of antibody against SjTsp2 was determined by ELISA. The protein was also identified by Western blotting. Results Big loop of SjTsp2-A, 228 bp, was amplified in vitro by PCR. Its deduced amino sequence shared 52% similarity with SmTsp2. The soluble recombinant SjTsp2-A was expressed in the experiment and high dilution antibody against the recombinant (1 ∶ 32 000 in maximum) was produced in immunized mice. SjTsp2-A reacted positively with sera of acute and chronic schistosomiasis patients but not with sera from healthy persons by Western blotting. Conclusion SjTsp2 has been expressed and shows certain antigenicity.