The development of renal transplantation from living relative donors relives the shortage of transplanted organs,and benefits patients with end-stage renal diseases.However,when seen from the aspect of donors,implementing a non-therapeutic invasive surgical treatment on a healthy person still violates the absolute sound principle of medical ethics.To reduce the harm to the minimum,a comprehensive assessment should be conducted before the transplantation,and long-term follow-up observations after transplantation should also be strengthened.

Objective To explore the status of oxidative stress (OS) in the first-episode schizophrenia patients (FEP) and to examine the effects of antipsychotic drugs on oxidative stress of FEP. Methods The plasma total superox?ide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were measured in forty-seven FEP (case group) and forty-three healthy volunteers (control group) before and after treatment. Eighteen cases completed 6-week treatment with risperidone (risperidone group) and twenty-five cases completed 6-week treatment with olanzapine (olanzapine group). Results The activity of T-SOD and GSH-Px were lower (P<0.05) and CAT was higher (P<0.05 ) while there was no significant difference in T-AOC (P>0.05) in FEP compared to the control group. Risperidone and olanzapine significantly improved T-SOD and T-AOC, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the changes of oxidative stress indicators after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion FEP has alterations of antioxidant enzymes, which may be related to the pathogenesis of schizo?phrenia. Antipsychotics risperidone and olanzapine may improve the oxidative stress in FEP.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a commonly encountered degenerative disease in clinic which gets widespread attention due to its high incidence and disability. The biomechanics is a relatively cause of KOA. This paper reviewed the biomechanics from the aspects of articular stability, adduct torque, gait and alignment.

Objective To determine the prognostic value of maximum standard uptake (SUVmax) of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET-CT in patients with newly diagnosed soft tissue sarcomas (STS).Methods The clinical data of 34 patients with STS undergoing 18F-FDG PET-CT before treatment were analyzed retrospectively.The relationship between SUVmax of PET-CT and prognostic factors was evaluated by MannWhitney' s non-paraetric test and Spearman' s rank correlation test.The prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Among 34 patients, the median SUVmax was 10.3 (1.5-28.2), and the median maximum diameter was 6.7 cm (1.8-17.2 cm) with positively association between them (r =0.389, P =0.028).SUVmax was also associated with pathological grade, AJCC staging and distant metastasis, respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).In univariate analysis, distant metastasis, pathological grade, AJCC staging, and SUVmax were found to be the prognostic factors (all P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis results indicated that only the SUVmax and distant metastasis were the independent unfavorable prognostic factors (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The SUmax of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET-CT is well correlated with prognostic factors, and it can predict the prognosis of patients with STS.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging on monitoring recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic decision-making in small intestinal adenocarcinoma patients after radical surgery. Methods Twenty-two patients were enrolled, who underwent surgical operation before received PET-CT scan. PET-CT findings were retrospectively observed to compare with the results of follow-up [postoperative pathology and (or) long-term clinical follow-up]. The roles of PET-CT on therapeutic decision-making were then investigated. Results Among 22 patients, 14 cases were finally diagnosed as recurrence and (or) metastasis, the other 8 cases as disease-free survival after long-term follow-up. According to PET-CT, 13 cases were diagnosed as recurrence and (or) metastasis (including 12 true-positive and 1 false-positive), and 9 cases were negative (including 2 false-negative). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PET-CT were 85.7 % (12/14), 87.5 % (7/8), 86.4 %(19/22), 92.3%(12/13) and 77.8%(7/9), respectively. The therapeutic decisions were changed in 10 patients (10/22, 45.5 % ) based on PET-CT results. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET-CT has an important clinical value on the detection of recurrence and (or) metastasis of small intestinal adenocarcinoma, which is an ideal method of monitoring.

Objective To observe the expression and transcription of MART-1 in human uveal melanoma cell lines 92-1,92-2,Ocm3,Me1285,as well as the possible effect ofmethylation on its expression.Methods The cell lines 92-1,92-2,Ocm3 and Me1285 were cultured routinely and tested for MART-1 expression at protein and mRNA level by FACS analysis,Western blot and RT-PCR respectively.Methylation status of the MART-1 promoter region in all the cell lines were checked by Southern blots of DNA digested with methylation sensitive restriction enzymes.Results As observed in FACS analysis and Western blot,92-1,92-2 and Ocm3 were MART-1 positive cell lines while Me1285 was negative cell line.Consistent with protein analysis,92-1 and Ocm3 cell lines showed MART-1 specific PCR products and there was no product in Me1285 cell line in RT-PCR.The MART-1 positive cell lines,92-1,92-2,and Ocm3 show methylation at the MspⅠ/Hpa Ⅱ site,and the Nru Ⅰ sites of all positive cell lines are not methylated.The MART-1 negative cell line Me1285 shows hyperrnethylation at the Nru Ⅰ site and the Msp Ⅰ/Hpa Ⅱ site is not methylated.Conclusions MART-1 could be expressed in human uveal melanoma cell lines 92-1,92-2 and Ocm3.The change of methylation status of MART-1 promoter may correlate with the transcription of MART-1.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) PET/CT examination to predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathologic data of 104 patients with pancreatic cancer who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between February 2009 and November 2015 were collected.All the patients underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT examination.The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax),metabolism of volume (MTV) and total lesion of glycolysis (TLG) in primary lesion were calculated.According to the patient's condition,chemotherapy,operation and comprehensive therapy were performed.Observation indicators included:(1) results of imaging examination before treatment;(2) treatment and follow-up;(3) analysis of prognosis factors of patients with pancreatic cancer.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect survival of patients up to June 2016.Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as median (range).The survival curve was drawn by the KaplanMeier method and the Log-rank test was used for survival analysis.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were respectively done by the Log-rank test and COX proportional hazards model.Results (1) Results of imaging examination before treatment:the 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging of 104 patients with pancreatic cancer showed the slightly hypodense shadow with inordinately uptake of 18F-FDG,with an unclear boundary.The contrast-enhanced CT showed slight enhancement and hypodense,and partial lesions surrounding adjacent vessels can merge with peripheral enlarged lymph nodes.There were high 18F-FDG uptakes of lymph node metastases,hepatic metastases,adrenal metastases and bone metastases.Of 75 lesions of pulmonary metastases,23 showed high 18F-FDG uptakes and 52 showed no high 18F-FDG uptakes.The SUVmax,MTV and TLG in primary lesion of 104 patients were 7.41 (range,2.00-31.65),14.86 cm3(range,2.17-79.65 cm3) and 66.34 (range,5.31-598.22),respectively.(2) Treatment and follow-up:of 104 patients,12 underwent single operation,13 underwent operation + chemotherapy,53 underwent single chemotherapy and 26 underwent chemoradiotherapy.All the 104 patients were followed up for 7.0-88.0 months,with a median time of 26.0 months.The median survival time,6-months and 1-year survival rates of 104 patients with pancreatic cancer were respectively 7.1 months (range,1.0-42.7 months),52％ and 26％.Results of further analysis showed that the median survival time,6-months and 1-year survival rates were respectively 6.5 months (range,1.4-39.6 months),49％,27％ in 51 patients with carcinoma of head of pancreas and 7.2 months (range,1.0-42.7 months),54％,30％ in 53 patients with carcinoma of pancreatic body and tail.(3) Prognosis factors of patients with pancreatic cancer:results of univariate analysis showed that sex,CA19-9,maximum diameter of tumor,lymph node metastases,hepatic metastases,distant metastases,clinical staging,surgery,chemotherapy,comprehensive treatment,SUVmax,MTV and TLG were related factors affecting prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer [HR =1.603,1.657,2.017,1.873,2.668,1.822,2.157,2.054,2.154,3.208,1.596,2.096,3.411,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.029-2.499,1.045-2.626,1.305-3.115,1.181-2.971,1.735-4.101,1.453-2.285,1.257-3.703,1.245-3.387,1.399-3.317,2.047-5.028,1.052-2.421,1.372-3.201,2.181-5.335,P＜0.05].Results of multivariate analysis showed that distant metastases,chemotherapy,comprehensive treatment and TLG ≥ 66.34 were independent risk factors affecting poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer (HR=1.906,2.966,2.946,2.053,95％CI:1.201-3.022,1.775-4.956,1.753-4.951,1.104-3.820,P＜0.05).(4) Prognostic factors of patients with carcinoma of head of pancreas:results of univariate analysis showed that maximum diameter of tumor,tumor invading major vessels,hepatic metastases,distant metastases,clinical staging,surgery,chemotherapy,comprehensive treatment,SUVmax,MTV and TLG were related factors affecting prognosis of patients with carcinoma of head of pancreas (HR=2.282,2.320,4.125,5.753,6.155,2.841,4.144,3.131,2.229,2.064,5.380,95％ CI:1.231-4.230,1.098-4.903,1.993-8.539,2.682-12.341,1.850-20.483,1.362-5.926,2.106-8.154,1.545-6.345,1.202-4.132,1.121-3.803,2.630-11.004,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that chemotherapy and TLG ≥ 66.66 were independent risk factors affecting poor prognosis of patients with carcinoma of head of pancreas (HR=7.953,2.824,95％CI:3.110-20.338,1.005-7.932,P＜0.05).(5) Prognostic factors of patients with carcinoma of pancreatic body and tail:results of univariate analysis showed that hepatic metastases,distant metastases,surgery,comprehensive treatment,MTV and TLG were related factors affecting prognosis of patients with carcinoma of pancreatic body and tail (HR =2.083,2.501,3.464,2.295,2.231,3.572,95％CI:1.157-3.784,1.363-4.590,1.441-8.329,1.158-4.546,1.166-4.268,1.901-6.711,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that distant metastases,MTV≥ 15.70 em3 and TLG ≥ 62.75 were independent risk factors affecting poor prognosis of patients with carcinoma of pancreatic body and tail (HR =1.700,2.096,4.047,95％CI:1.080-2.675,1.065-4.126,2.072-7.906,P＜0.05).Conclusion TLG≥66.34,≥66.66,≥62.75 in 18F-FDG PET/CT examination are independent risk factors affecting poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer or pancreatic head cancer or pancreatic body and tail cancer respectively,and MTV ≥ 15.70 cm3 is also an independent risk factor affecting poor prognosis of patient with pancreatic body and tail cancer.18 F-FDG PET/CT examination has certainly reference value for prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective: To explore the imaging manifestation and clinical characteristics of primary salivary gland-type lung cancer using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxy glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT). Methods: From March 2009 to January 2017, 12 patients with pathologically confirmed primary salivary gland-type lung cancer were enrolled in First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Their images and clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Six out of 12 patients had mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and the other six patients had adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Five MEC were located in the main bronchus, and the other one was in segmental bronchus. Intrabronchial nodule or mass with smooth or lobulated margin and calcification(n=3) was the main ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT features of MEC. Two ACC involved trachea, two involved the main bronchi, and the other two involved lobular bronchi. The main ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT features of ACC were diffuse or circumferential irregular thickness of the bronchial wall, distorted lumen, and the longitudinal extent of the tumor was greater than its transverse axis. The ¹⁸F-FDG uptake of all lesions was increased in varying degree. The median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) value of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were 5.1(3.1, 8.1), 5.7(1.2, 21.4)cm³ and 18.6(0.6, 93.7), respectively. All of them were related to pathological grading and nodal tumor involvement( all P<0.05), but not associated with tumor location or pathological type( all P>0.05). MTV and TLG were also related to clinical stage( all P<0.05). Tumor size was correlated with MTV, TLG of primary lesions(r=0.607, P=0.036; r=0.579, P=0.049), but not with SUVmax(r=0.568, P=0.054). Conclusions Primary salivary gland-type lung cancer mainly occurs in segmental bronchus. The MTV and TLG of the tumor calculated by ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT are correlated with clinicopathological characteristics, and are helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment.