Objective To develop a method of studying fiber projecting in the spinal cord duiring chicken embryo development.Methods At embryonic incubation 3 day (E3), pCAGGS-green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid was injected into the spinal cord using in vivo electroporation.Three days after transfection (E6), GFP-positive embryos were collected under a stereo fluorescence microscope .Subsequently , the spinal cord was separated from the embryos and cut from the roof plate as an open book .After fixed with 4%paraformaldehyde ( PFA) for one hour , the opened spinal cords were used for immunohistochemistry with N-cadherin antibody and with DAPI for nuclei .Finally, the nerve fiber projecting was photographed and analyzed under a fluorescence microscope . Results Based on the opened spinal cord and immunostaining in the cryosection , we observed that the nerve fibers projected across the midline of the floor plate and reached to the sulcus terminalis along the white matter of the contra side .The immunoreaction against N-cadherin indicated that overexpression of GFP has no significant effect on chicken embryonic development .Conclusion A new method to study fiber projecting in the developing chicken spinal cord is established successfully in this study .

Objective To assess whether metformin prevents body weight gain in patients with schizophrenia who are treated with second-generation antipsychotics(SGA).Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCT) about metformin for prevention of weight gain with SGA for schizophrenia from January 1998 to July 2012 were selected in the Cochrane Library,Medline,Wanfang Data,CNKI and VIP.Two reviewers independently screened the literatures,extracted the data,and evaluated the methodological quality.Than meta-analyses were conducted by using RevMan 5.1 software and Stata 12.0 software.Results The total 7 RCTs were selected and 394 patients were involved.The results of meta-analyses showed that the efficacy of the metformin group was superior to that of the control group in lessen body mass (MD =-3.07,95％ CI:-4.17,-1.98,Z =5.50,P ＜ 0.01),BWI (MD =-1.21,95％ CI:-1.50,-0.92,Z=8.18,P＜0.01) with significant differences.Conclusion Metformin addition therapy is effective in attenuating SGA-induced weight gain.

Objective To characterize the changes in the dimensions during systolic and diastolic periods in the aorta with ECG-gated multi-detector CTA scans.Methods The CT angiograms of 115 patients (78 males,mean age 55.2 ± 9.4 years;37 females,mean age 60.1 ± 8.5 years) both in systolic and diastolic periods were obtained on a 64-slice ECG-gated multi-detector CT scanner.The diameters were measured at four anatomic levels of the aorta.(Level A:1 mm proximal to the innominate artery;Level B:1 mm distal to the left common carotid artery;Level C:1 mm distal to the left subclavian artery;Level D:10cm distal to the left subclavian artery).On each level,the maximal and the minimal diameters were measured both in systolic and diastolic periods.Results The paired sample t test results showed a significant difference between the systolic and diastolic diameters in all individual subjects on every level (P ＜0.001).The mean maximum diameter changes were 1.95％ (range-2.0％ to 7.0％),2.12％ (range-3.0％ to 6.0％),1.88％(range-1.0％ to 8.0％)and2.47％(range-3.0％ to 10.0％)at level A,B,C and D,respectively.The mean minimum diameter changes were 1.43％ (range-3.0％ to 5.0％),2.67％ (range-2.0％ to 11.0％),1.75％ (range-14.0％ to 9.0％)and 2.99％ (range -2.0％ to 11.0％) at level A,B,C and D,respectively.Conclusions The differences of the aortic diameters between systolic and diastolic periods are significant.The pulsatility of aorta in Chinese population may be different from published Western literature.

A 87-day-old female patient presented with patchy erythema on the right body and ipsilateral limb deformity after birth, and visited the hospital in January 2012. Skin examination showed obvious red plaques on the right lower abdomen, right buttock, right perineum, right leg and right foot, with yellow scales on the surface and clear boundaries, and there was no obvious exudation or odor; pale yellow verrucous hyperplasia was observed on the right lower jaw, right neck, right axilla, and on the back of the first to fourth fingers of the right hand; only 1 interphalangeal joint and no nail plate was observed on the second, third and fourth toes of the right foot. The X-ray of the right foot showed deformity and bone defects. The patient was diagnosed with CHILD syndrome, and treated with intermittent oral acitretin capsules, and topical vaseline ointment, tacalcitol ointment and weak-potency glucocorticoid ointment for more than 6 years. The skin lesions regressed during treatment, but occurred repeatedly after withdrawal. Thereafter, the patient was switched to simvastatin ointment for 2 years. The skin lesions increased proportionally with the increase of age, and the affected limb grew a little more rapidly than the healthy limb. By January 2020, the skin lesions on the right lower jaw, right neck, and the first to fourth fingers of the right hand had subsided, but new band-like hypertrophic verrucous plaques occurred on the fifth finger of the right hand; the skin lesions on the right leg were slightly improved, and no involvement of other systems was observed.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM) in the diagnosis of several common diseases manifesting as papules in children, including lichen nitidus, verruca planae, lichen striatus, milium, molluscum contagiosum and lichen pilaris. Methods A total of 579 children clinically characterized by papules were recruited into this study. RCM was used to observe lesions and perilesional normal skin. The RCM features of 6 diseases manifesting as papules were analyzed and compared. Results Based on RCM images, 236 patients were diagnosed with lichen nitidus, 70 with verruca planae, 123 with lichen striatus, 40 with milium, 53 with molluscum contagiosum and 57 with lichen pilaris. All the 6 diseases had typical RCM features. Concretely speaking, RCM images of lichen nitidus lesions showed infiltration of dense inflammatory cells and melanophages in enlarged dermal papillae. In RCM images of verruca planae lesions, cells in the granular and spinous layers were arranged in concentric circles, giving a rose cluster?like appearance. RCM images of lichen striatus lesions revealed focal swelling of stratum spinosum, absent or local liquifaction degeneration of basal cells, and clustering of a moderate number of inflammatory cells in the superficial dermis. In RCM images of milium lesions, well?circumscribed round or oval structures containing highly but nonuniformly refractive materials could be seen in the dermis. RCM images of molluscum contagiosum lesions showed intact cystoid structures containing highly refractive molluscum bodies. Lowly to moderately refractive cutin ? like materials were observed along with the dilation of hair follicle infundibula in RCM images of lichen pilaris lesions. In RCM images, the 6 diseases were distinguished mainly based on structural features(patterns and refractivity)of skin lesions shown by continuous vertical scanning. Conclusion RCM is of great value to the diagnosis of diseases manifesting as papules in children.

Objective To explore the clinical value of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction(ASIR)combined with automatic tube current modulation in low dose scan of chest CT.Methods 80 patients who underwent chest CT scan were randomly divided into four groups,with a noise index(NI)of 14,16,18,and 20,respectively.Automatic tube current modulation technique for chest CT scan was adopted for all patients.The standard dose group,with a NI of 14,was reconstructed with FBP.While the low-dose groups,with a NI of 16,18 and 20,were reconstructed with four ASIR levels(20% ASIR,40% ASIR,60% ASIR and 80% ASIR) in each group.The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP)and effective dose(ED)were recorded of the four groups.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)were calculated of the different reconstruction groups. Two radiologists with more than five years of work experience blindly scored the subjective image quality.Results Effective dose of the four groups with different NI were(3.29 ± 1.21)mSv,(3.10 ± 1.07)mSv,(2.20 ± 0.82)mSv and(1.97 ± 1.21)mSv,respectively. In all the reconstruction groups,when NI was constant,the greater the ASIR,the lower the SD.When ASIR percentage was constant, the SD was increased and the SNR was reduced along with NI rising up.When the parameters were set as NI 18 and ASIR 60%,the SD would be smaller and SNR would be higher than that of a standard dose group.In aspect of the scores from subjective image quality evaluation,there was no significant difference(P> 0.05).The average ED was decreased by about 33.2% when compared to the standard dose group.Conclusion Combining automatic tube current modulation with ASIR has a certain clinical practicality.When the NI is set at 18 and ASIR is 60%,the image quality can be optimal for not only satisfying the requirements of clinical diagnosis, but also reducing radiation dose in chest CT scanning.

Objective: To explore the relationship between different mutation characteristics and clinical phenotype of children with Dravet syndrome (DS) with SCN1A gene mutation, and to summarize the drug efficacy. Methods: The clinical data of children diagnosed as DS from the Department of Pediatrics Neurology, the Third Affi-liated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to May 2018 were collected.The peripheral blood DNA of the children was detected by adopting next generation sequencing for epilepsy-related gene-panel, while the parents′ were screened by using Sanger sequencing for family verification.Multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification technology was used to detect large fragment variation of SCN1A gene if the mutations of the children were negative.The Gesell scale and cavity Wechsler intelligence scale for children(C-WISC) were used to evaluate the intelligence of children. Results: A total of 50 cases of DS were collected, 38 cases of them were positive for SCN1A mutation, and the mutation rate was 76.0%(38/50 cases), of which, the missense mutation[50.0%(19/38 cases)] and frameshift mutation[28.9%(11/38 cases)] were dominant.The average onset age of 50 patients was 6 months, of which onset of seizures was triggered by fever(temperature>37.5 ℃) in 68.0%(34/50 cases)of children, the history of seizures in hot baths was found in 60.0%(30/50 cases) of children, status epilepticus was found in 74.0%(37/50 cases), cluster-like episodes was found in 80.0%(40/50 cases), ≥2 seizure types was found in 92.0%(46/50 cases). Mental retarda-tion was found in most of the children, of which 30.0% (15/50 cases) were mild mental retardation, 38.0% (19/50 cases) were moderate mental retardation, 14.0% (7/50 cases)were severe intelligence retardation.Interictal abnormalities of electroencephalogram(EEG) before 1 year old was found in 24.0%(12/50 cases), and the average age of EEG abnormalities was 30.12 months old; the top three drug efficacy rates were 70.0% (28/40 cases) of Topiramate, 48.0% (24/50 cases) of Sodium Valproate, 45.7% (16/35 cases) Clonazepam or Clobazam.The time of onset of myoclonus and atypical absence of the truncation mutation group was earlier than that of the missense mutation group(14.75 months vs.21.20 months; 16.82 months vs.26.00 months), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The proportion of clustered episodes in the truncation mutation group was higher than that in the missense mutation group [94.7%(18/19 cases)vs.63.2%(12/19 cases)], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the SCN1A gene mutation (type and position) and age of onset, type of seizure, proportion of convulsion persistence, the mental development or abnormal proportion of EEG and seizure frequency before 1 year old(all P>0.05). Conclusions The SCN1A gene mutation rate is high in children with DS, and the SCN1A gene mutation characteristics has a certain correlation with DS clinical phenotype.Topiramate is the most effective drug among children with DS.

Objective:To study the mechanism of metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) targeting microRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p) in ovarian cancer chemotherapy resistance.Methods:A total of 80 ovarian cancer tissues and paired normal tissues were collected in Shaanxi Provincial People′s Hospital from February 2016 to February 2019. The relative expression levels of MALAT1 and miR-142-3p in ovarian cancer tissues and paired normal tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the correlation between MALAT1 and miR-142-3p was analyzed. The effects of abnormal expressions of MALAT1 and miR-142-3p on proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin of ovarian cancer Hey cells were verified by CCK-8 assay. Dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to detect the targeted relationship between miR-142-3p and MALAT1 (Hey cells were divided into four groups: MALAT1 wt, MALAT1 wt+ miR-142-3p mimic, MALAT1 mut, MALAT1 mut+ miR-142-3p mimic). RNA immunoprecipitation assay was use to confirm the binding site of MALAT1 and miR-142-3p.Results:In the ovarian cancer tissues and paired normal tissues, the relative expression levels of MALAT1 were 0.000 52 (0.002 56) and 0.000 47 (0.000 89), with a statistically significant difference ( Z=2.365, P=0.018); the relative expression levels of miR-142-3p were 0.001 19 (0.002 69) and 0.001 61 (0.008 48), with a statistically significant difference ( Z=2.935, P=0.003). The relative expression level of MALAT1 was negatively correlated with miR-142-3p in the ovarian cancer tissues ( r=-0.474, P<0.001). The relative expression level of miR-142-3p in the miR-142-3p mock group was statistically lower than that of MALAT1+ miR-142-3p mimic group (0.004 18±0.001 24 vs. 0.006 51±0.000 28; t=3.174, P=0.017). The relative fluorescence concentrations of MALAT1 wt group and MALAT1 wt+ miR-142-3p mimic group were 2.27±0.86 and 31.10±6.05 respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=8.172, P<0.001). After 48, 72 and 96 hours of ovarian cancer Hey cells being transfected with MALAT1 overexpression plasmid, the absorbance ( A) values of cells in the MALAT1 overexpression group were significantly greater than those in the control group (0.522±0.021 vs. 0.433±0.021; 0.644±0.012 vs. 0.544±0.051; 0.887±0.055 vs. 0.698±0.042), with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). After MALAT1 being overexpressed in Hey cells, at 0.10 ng/μl concentration of 5-FU, the proliferation rate of cells in the overexpression group was significantly faster than that in the control group (0.615±0.036 vs. 0.506±0.042; t=4.432, P=0.002), and the cells at 1.00, 10.00, 100.00 ng/μl concentrations of 5-FU showed the same trends (all P<0.05). At 0.01 ng/μl concentration of cisplatin, the proliferation rate of cells in the overexpression group was significantly faster than that in the control group (0.777±0.015 vs. 0.733±0.039; t=2.355, P=0.023), and the cells at 0.10, 1.00, 10.00, 100.00 ng/μl concentrations of cisplatin showed the same trends (all P<0.05). After miR-142-3p being overexpressed in Hey cells, at 0.10 ng/μl concentration of 5-FU, the proliferation rate of cells in the overexpression group was significantly slower than that in the control group (0.512±0.051 vs. 0.744±0.119; t=4.028, P=0.004), and the cells at 1.00, 10.00, 100.00 ng/μl concentrations of 5-FU showed the same trends (all P<0.05). At 0.10 ng/μl concentration of cisplatin, the proliferation rate of cells in the overexpression group was significantly slower than that in the control group (0.520±0.043 vs. 0.674±0.096; t=3.441, P=0.009), and the cells at 1.00, 10.00, 100.00 ng/μl concentrations of cisplatin showed the same trends (all P<0.05). After ovarian cancer Hey cells being treated with 0.10, 1.00, 10.00, 100.00 ng/μl concentrations of 5-FU and cisplatin, the proliferation rates of cells in the MALAT1 overexpression group, MALAT1+ miR-142-3p group and control group showed statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Further pairwise comparisons revealed that the proliferation rates of cells in the MALAT1+ miR-142-3p group were significantly slower than those in the MALAT1 overexpression group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:MALAT1 can reduce the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to 5-FU and cisplatin by targeted miR-142-3p, leading to chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer.

Objective: To analyze the interaction of fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) on the aggregation of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVRFs) among children and adolescents in Yinchuan City, China, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of CVRFs and cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 1 822 children and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Yinchuan City were randomly selected for questionnaire survey, physical examination, body composition assessment and laboratory tests, through a cluster sampling method from 2017 to 2020. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between FM, FFM and the aggregation of CVRFs, and their interaction was analyzed. Results: After adjusting for sex and age, the risk of having CVRFs aggregation ≥1 in high FM and low FFM group and high FM and high FFM group was 2.01(95% CI =1.46-2.77) and 3.64(95% CI =2.66-4.98) times higher than that in low FM and low FFM group, and the risk of having CVRFs aggregation ≥2 was 1.67(95% CI =1.06-2.63) and 4.20 (95% CI =2.76-6.38) times, respectively( P <0.05). There was a multiplicative interaction between FM and FFM, which increased the risk of CVRFs aggregration ≥1 and ≥2. The adjusted OR and 95% CI were 1.58(1.04-2.40) and 1.95(1.12-3.42), respectively( P <0.05). Conclusion The results indicated the additive and multiplicative interactions between high levels of fat mass and fat free mass on the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors, which increased the risk of aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of 1 064 nm/755 nm dual wavelength laser on hair removal.Methods:A total of 60 patients aged 18-52 (30±7) years in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were collected. 1 064 nm and 755 nm laser hair removal was performed at the same symmetrical areas or two different areas in the same patient. We performed 6 sessions of laser treatment at 6-week intervals and the effect was evaluated 6 weeks after the last session.Results:The hair removal efficacy was 96.7% (58 cases) at 1 064 nm, 96.7% (58 cases) at 755 nm laser treatment. There was no significant difference in the effective rate between two wavelengths laser hair removal methods ( P>0.05). The incidence of pigmentation was 1.7% (1 case) at 1 064 nm laser and was 3.3% (2 cases) at 755 nm laser without significant difference ( P>0.05). No hypopigmentation, blister or scar appeared in all patients. The total satisfactory rate was 95.0% (57 cases) at 1 064 nm, 98.3% (59 cases) at 755 nm laser treatment, respectively. Conclusions:1 064 nm/755 nm dual wavelength laser has definite therapeutic effect and safety on hair removal.