Objective To establish a method for the preparation of long-circulating liposomes (LCL) containing etoposide and to observe its stability in rats plasma.Methods The etoposide-containing liposome was prepared by ethanol injection method. Polyethylene glycol-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG2000-DSPE) was used to modify the membrane of the liposome. Reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to detect the concentration of the liposome,and dynamic release method was used to study its stability in mice plasma.Results The mean size of the LCL containing etoposide was (180?26) nm,and the mean concentration of etoposide was (4.78?0.22) mg/mL,with the entrapment efficiency being (88.71?8.2)%. The leakage ratio of the conventional liposome containing etoposide and LCL containing etoposide in mice plasma were (80.14?1.59)% and (46.72?2.61)%,respectively.Conclusion LCL containing etoposide with high entrapment efficiency and low leakage rate can be obtained by using ethanol injection method. Additionally,modification by PEG2000-DSPE could raise the stability of the liposome.

AIM:To establish a new rat model of depression by the antagonistic relationship of antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters in the brain.METHODS:Dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 was injected into the hippocampus of the rats by microinjection at low, medium and high doses (1, 2 and 4 g/L) to establish a depression model.After modeling, the sucrose consumption, open-field and novelty suppressed feeding tests were used to evaluate the behaviors of the rats, and screen out the best modeling drug dose.The model of depressive rats was induced using the best modeling drug dose and the model rats were observed for 2 weeks.The stability of the model was evaluated by behavioral tests, and the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by ELISA to evaluate the safety of the model.The levels of the antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were analyzed by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), so as to evaluate the pathological characteristics of neurotransmitter imbalance in the brain of the model rats.RESULTS:After modeling, the rat weight, sucrose preference rate, and horizontal motion and vertical motion scores of open-field test were significantly decreased in eACh dose model group, and feeding latent periods of novelty suppressed feeding test were significantly increased, indicating a typical depressive behavior.The rats with the medium dose (2 g/L) of SCH23390 had the most significant depressive behavior.At 2 weeks after modeling, compared with the normal control group, the weight, sucrose preference rate, and horizontal motion and vertical motion scores in medium dose group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the feeding inhibition time was significantly increased (P<0.05).No significant difference in the content of IL-1β and TNF-α in the CSF of normal control group, blank control group and medium dose group was observed, indicating that the model did not cause obvious inflammatory injury, and the modeling method was safe.Compared with blank control group, the contents of 5-HT, NE and Glu in the left hippocampus of rats in medium dose group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the content of DA and ACh showed decreasing trends.The contents of 5-HT, NE and Glu in the right hippocampus of the rats were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of DA and ACh showed decreasing trends.The content of Glu in cerebral cortex was significantly increased (P<0.05), the contents of 5-HT and NE showed increasing trends, and the contents of DA and ACh showed decreasing trends, indicating that the model was basically consistent with the pathological features of neurotransmitter imbalance in the brain of depression.CONCLUSION:This method can successfully replicate the rat model of depression, which has the characteristics of typical and persistent symptoms, fast modeling, and safe and easy operation.Using the dosage of 2 g/L is more suitable.

Objective To study family typology of stroke survivors′spouse and its relationship with perceived social support and offer a basic reference for family intervention. Methods A total of 327 qualified spouses of stroke survivors were investigated in the Family Cohesion and Adaptability Questionnaire (FACESII-CV) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) for their family typology proportion and relationship with PSSS. Results Compared with normal group, the ratios of extremity type family and middle family type were increased in this study: 23.9%(78/327)vs. 16.4%(20/122), 45.0%(147/327) vs. 29.5%(36/122), while the equilibrium family type were decreased:31.1% (102/327) vs. 54.1%(66/122), and there were significant differences (χ2=23.089, P<0.01). PSSS scores of spouses were (61.99±11.90) points, which included family support (21.71±4.27) points and social support (40.28±8.31) points. The scores were all in high level. Inter-comparison of three types of family showed the scores of PSSS were higher in extremity type families than those in middle and equilibrium type families: (68.27±11.27) points vs. (61.04±12.18), (59.56±10.34) points, and there were significant differences (F=5.636, P=0.005), but no significant difference between the last two (P > 0.05). Family typology was the most important factor to PSSS (β=0.212, P<0.05) in spouses of stroke survivors, followed by education degree of spouses (β=-0.190, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the patients' spouses the baseline indicators in three types of families (P> 0.05). Conclusions Among the spouses of stroke survivors, the ratios of extremity and middle family type are increased but equilibrium family type are decreased. Family typology is the most important factor to PSSS of survivors′spouse. The PSSS of survivors′spouse in extremity type families is higher than that in middle and equilibrium type families. Intervention should be offered to the families, guiding the conversion of family typology from other types to extremity.

Objective To investigate the productive effects of baicalin on the male rats with ischemic brain injury and its effects on serum progesterone level in rats; To explore the possible mechanism of baicalin in brain protection. Methods Adult SD male rats were used to create a permanent left middle cerebral artery occlusion model. The rats were evenly divided into model group, baicalin group, inhibitor group, and sham-operation group (without inserted into the intraluminal thread) according to the neurological function scores. At different time points after modeling, the neurological function scores and the grip strength of double foreleg were measured, and the reduction rate of grip strength was calculated. Serum progesterone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the sham-operation group, the neurological function of rats in the model group was impaired, the grip strength of double foreleg was significantly reduced. 7 days after treatment, compared with the model group, the neurological function score of baicalin group was lowered, grip strength of double foreleg was recovered, reduction rate of grip strength was reduced (P<0.05); compared with the baicalin group, protective effects of baicalin on neurological function was lowered in inhibitor group (P<0.05). 7 days after treatment, compared with the model group, the serum progesterone level in baicalin group was significantly higher (P<0.01), and ACTH level showed an increasing trend; compared with the baicalin group, serum progesterone and ACTH levels in the inhibitor group decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion The protective effects of baicalin on the male rats with ischemic brain injury may be related to the regulation of progesterone.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of surgery of primary sites on stage IVB cervical cancer patients from a population-based database, the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER). Methods: Propensity score matching was performed to minimize heterogeneity in patient between with-surgery group and without-surgery group. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared using the χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Survival analysis included the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Between 2010-2015, a total of 1,139 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IVB cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were included in this retrospective study. Within post-matching cohort, the median duration of overall survival (OS) in stage IVB cervical cancer patients receiving CRT was 22 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 25.7%. The increasing American Joint Committee on Cancer T stage (T1 vs. T2, p=0.033, hazard ratio [HR]=1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.05–3.05; T1 vs. T3, p=0.003, HR=2.20, 95% CI=1.31–3.67; T1 vs. T4, p=0.037, HR=2.75, 95% CI=1.06–7.12) and visceral metastasis (with vs. without, p=0.038, HR=1.60, 95% CI=1.03–2.49) was reported as independent risk factors of OS. Surgery of primary sites combined with CRT tended to prolong the survival of stage IVB cervical cancer patients (p<0.001, HR=0.36, 95% CI=0.21–0.61) compared with CRT, especially for patients without visceral metastasis (p=0.005, HR=0.31, 95% CI=0.14–0.70). Conclusions In conclusion, patients with stage IVB cervical cancer may achieve their best outcomes through CRT combined with surgery of primary sites. However, it deserves large scale prospective clinical trials to confirm.

Cleft lip and palate sequence therapy can effectively improve the facial appearance, suck and speech functions of children, creating a good environment for the growth and psychological development of children. But it is found that the scar after cleft lip and palate surgery will affect the children’s maxillofacial development after long-term follow-up. In recent years, more attention has been paid to how to reduce the influence of postoperative scar on maxilla and midface. By constructing a three-dimensional model of cleft lip and palate, the finite element analysis method simulated and analyzed the biomechanical influence of cleft lip and palate sequence therapy, providing theoretical support for the improvement of surgical methods and subsequent treatment. This paper reviews the research progress of finite element analysis in sequential treatment of cleft lip and palate, and summarizes its advantages and disadvantages.

Cleft lip and palate sequence therapy can effectively improve the facial appearance, suck and speech functions of children, creating a good environment for the growth and psychological development of children. But it is found that the scar after cleft lip and palate surgery will affect the children’s maxillofacial development after long-term follow-up. In recent years, more attention has been paid to how to reduce the influence of postoperative scar on maxilla and midface. By constructing a three-dimensional model of cleft lip and palate, the finite element analysis method simulated and analyzed the biomechanical influence of cleft lip and palate sequence therapy, providing theoretical support for the improvement of surgical methods and subsequent treatment. This paper reviews the research progress of finite element analysis in sequential treatment of cleft lip and palate, and summarizes its advantages and disadvantages.

Clq/TNF-related Protein-3 (CTRP3) is one member of the Clq/TNF-related Protein family. It has been found that CTRP3 had anti-inflammatory effects, and could ameliorate is chemia injury. In addition, CTRP3 could also antagonize insulin resistance (IR)and increase insulin sensitivity (IS). This review focuses on the research progress in the association between CTRP3 and IR-related diseases.

Chemoradiotherapy ; Cohort Studies ; Epidemiology ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Joints ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Obstetrics ; Population Characteristics ; Propensity Score ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Objective: To evaluate the surgical prediction accuracy of Proplan CMF software for zygomatic reduction surgery using L-shaped osteotomy. Methods: Pre-and-postoperative 1-year CBCT data of 26 patients with zygomatic arch hypertrophy were imported in Proplan CMF software during 2014 Jan. to 2016 Jun., the 3D models were reconstructed for simulation of L-shaped osteotomy, characteristic landmarks were selected and 3D point measurement system was established. The measurement result were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Meanwhile, the overlap color grading charts of preoperative and simulated images were also observed. Results: The facial width, bilateral zygomatic process angle and facial width index were [(128.56±2.72) mm, (106.87±2.53)°, (108.56±3.02)°and 1.41±0.03] in postoperative result, [(129.49±2.26) mm, (108.68±2.40)°, (108.85±3.02)°and 1.42±0.03]in simulated result and [(135.45±2.45) mm, (102.50±2.60)°, (103.41±2.56)°and 1.48±0.05] in preoperative result, with significant difference between preoperative and postoperative result, or between preoperative and simulated result (P<0.05), while no significance between postoperative and simulated result (P>0.05). The soft tissue zygomatic process distance was(153.25±2.58) mm in preoperative result, (150.23±2.76)mm in postoperative result , (149.36±3.27)mm in simulated result, with no significance between any of two groups result (P>0.05). The zygomatic process distance and bilateral zygomatic process tragal distance were (126.35±2.56) mm, (68.75±2.15) mm and(68.86±3.21) mm in postoperative result, showing significant differences compared with preoperative result [(120.16±3.18) mm, (74.58±3.19) mm and(76.14±3.15) mm] and simulated result [(118.86±3.45) mm, (73.85±3.57) mm and(76.87±2.58) mm] respectively(P<0.05), while zygomatic arch distance was not statistically different among the three groups(P>0.05). It indicated that predictive accuracy of facial width, facial width index, zygomatic process angle, soft tissue zygomatic arch distance was high but the soft tissue zygomatic process distance and zygomatic process tragal distance was relatively low. Meanwhile, the color overlay image showed that predictive accuracy was not good in the zygomatic region while the zygomatic arch area was high. Conclusions The predictive accuracy of Proplan CMF software for zygomatic arch hypertrophy is relatively high except for the zygomatic region. Further improvement of the CMF software is needed.