Objective To analyze the possible causes for medical disputes in order to provide a theoretical basis for further prevention of medical disputes through field investigations of disputes between medical staff and patients at all levels of modern hospitals. Methods All 100 cases of medical disputes which occurred in different levels of hospital in Hu'nan province from January 2000 to January 2014, were randomly selected and collected in field. According to the designed survey factors, statistical meta-analysis was conducted, and the probability P was calculated, so that the probability of occurrence of various factors could be analyzed. It was statistically significant (0≤P≤1). Thus,the rel-evance of a variety of causes for medical disputes could be inferred. Results Traditional statistical methods were used to analyze the survey data,and the domestic medical disputes occurred for many reasons,mainly including the insuffi-cient understanding between medical staff and patients, high medical costs, imperfect laws and regulations and other issues. We could take appropriate measures based on the causes so that we could reduce medical disputes and avoid the occurrence and development of medical disputes. Conclusion For the growing number of current medical disputes,we should always be vigilant and find relevant issues. We shall take effective measures to prevent the occurrence of medical disputes, severely deal with criminals who caused the doctor-patient violence, and safeguard fair, reasonable and orderly,harmonious and friendly medical order and medical environment. It is of great practical and social signifi-cance. Characteristics of foreign medical disputes are compared and the reference methods of prevention and treatment measures abroad should be learned. The analysis of foreign examples and measures shows relatively less medical dis-putes.