Objective: To investigate the prevalence of scoliosis among primary and middle school students in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into scoliosis control among children and adolescents. Methods: Grade 4 to 6 primary school students and grade 1 to 3 junior high school students were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling method in Jiaxing City in 2019. Participants' demographic characteristics, dietary habits and nutritional status, physical activity, learning environments, reading and writing habits were collected using questionnaires. Scoliosis was screened through general examinations, forward bend test and scoliometer, and scoliosis was diagnosed with whole-spine X-ray scans in an erect position. The prevalence of scoliosis was descriptively analyzed among primary and middle school students. Results: A total of 8 026 primary and middle school students were included, 7 304 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 91.00%. The respondents included 3 667 primary school students (50.21%) and 3 637 junior high school students (49.79%), and included 3 776 boys (51.70%) and 3 528 girls (48.30%). There were 659 participants with initial screening positive for scoliosis (9.02%), and the percentages of positive initial screening of thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis were 2.93%, 4.56% and 4.56%, respectively. A higher percentage of positive initial screening of scoliosis was diagnosed among participants living in Pinghu City (10.45%), junior high school students (11.74%), girls (11.96%), students with a medical history of anemia (22.44%), students with less than 3 days of moderate-intensity physical activity in the past week (9.46%), students with less than 3 days of walking duration of over 10 minutes in the past week (10.18%), students with daily sitting duration of 5 hours and more in the past week (10.74%), students with their class seats exchanged every semester or month (10.28%), students with daily reading and writing duration of 3 hours and more after school (10.93%) and students with less than 10 cm distance from the chest at reading or writing to the edge of the table (9.67%) (all P<0.05). A total of 218 students received whole-spine X-ray scans in an erect position, 132 participants were definitively diagnosed as scoliosis (60.55%), and the estimated prevalence of scoliosis was 5.46%. Conclusion The percentage of positive initial screening of scoliosis was 9.02% among primary and middle school students in Jiaxing City. Gender, stage of learning, nutritional status, exercise frequency and habits of reading and writing may be factors affecting the development of scoliosis.

Abstract On September 26, 2024, a municipal hospital in Jiaxing City reported a maternal case of Listeria monocytogenes infection. In order to clarify the source of infection, the Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention immediately conducted the epidemiological investigation, laboratory testing and related disposal work. The case presented with fever (37.9 ℃), gradually intensifying paroxysmal abdominal pain without obvious cause, and went to hospital on the day of onset. Due to fetal intrauterine distress, a male infant was delivered by cesarean section on the same day. The epidemiological investigation identified that the case usually consumed fruits, often store fruits such as watermelon and grapes in the refrigerator alongside raw meat, and the refrigerator had never been cleaned or disinfected, posing a risk of cross contamination. Laboratory tests on amniotic fluid sample from the pregnant woman, infant blood sample showed positive results for Listeria monocytogenes infection. One strain of Listeria monocytogenes was detected in a smear sample from the inner wall of the refrigerator, and all the strains were ST2 type. Consuming fruits contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes may be the main source of infection. Food safety education for pregnant women and their family members should be strengthened to reduce the risk of infection.

Objective: To observe the long-term efficacy and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Methods: Between May 2007 and June 2009,4 patients with SSc were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with cyclopho-sphamide (CTX) followed by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Conditioning was performed with i.v. cyclophosphamide 50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 4 days. The results of the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), thoracic high-resolution computer tomography and pulmonary function were collected after transplantation. Results: There was an improvement in mRSS, lung function and HRCT in the six months after AHSCT. Within six month to one year after transplantation, one patient had sustained and two patients recurred. After active treatments two patients were improved again. During the follow-up of 8.7 (4.1-9.8) years, three patients were stable and one patient died. Infection and hepatic function injury were the major complications. There was not transplant-related mortality. Conclusion AHSCT with CTX as a pre-conditioning regimen is safe and effective for SSc. The efficacy for patients with short course, rapid progress and edema is significant. However, long-term efficacy is poor, and long-term maintenance treatment is needed.

Objective:To compare the quality of Astragali Radix at different harvest time; To revise the content determination indexes of Astragali Radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Methods:An Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) was used for the determination of saponins with acetonitrile-water solution as mobile phase in a gradient mode. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was 60 ℃; the pressure was 30 psi; the gain was 800 ℃; the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min; the column temperature was 30 ℃; the injection volume was 20 μl; the acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid solution was used as mobile phase for the determination of flavonoids in a gradient mode; the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min; the detection wavelength was 260 nm; the column temperature was 30 ℃; the 10 μl was injected. The limited range as an indicator for determining Astragali Radix content was determined by investigating the extraction method and extraction time of Astragaloside Ⅰ and detecting the content of Astragaloside Ⅰ in 12 batches of Astragali Radix from different origins. The moisture, total ash, and water-soluble extracts in Astragali Radix were determined according to the drying method, total ash determination method, and cold soaking method in the four parts of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), respectively. Results:The content of total saponins in Astragali Radix harvested in spring and autumn in different origins was not significantly different, but the content of total flavonoids was significantly different. Except for H11, the content of Astragaloside Ⅰ in the other batches of Astragali Radix was ≥ 0.05%, so the content limit of Astragaloside Ⅰ was proposed to be≥0.05%. The results of moisture, total ash and water-soluble extracts in the 12 batches of Astragali Radix all meet the requirements in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Conclusions:Astragali Radix harvested in autumn is with higher content of active components and better quality. At the same time, this study can provide a reference that the new version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia can revise the Astragaloside Ⅳ in the content determination index of Astragali Radix to Astragaloside Ⅰ .

Objective:To analyze the accuracy of lung ultrasound and chest X-ray in the diagnosis of neonatal pulmonary disease.Methods:We prospectively collected newborns that needed chest X-ray examination to diagnose pulmonary disease from twelve neonatal intensive care units across the country between June 2019 and April 2020.Each newborn was examined by lung ultrasound within two hours after chest X-ray examination.All chest X-ray and lung ultrasound images were independently read by a radiologist and a sonographer.When there was a disagreement, a panel of two experienced physicians made a final diagnosis based on the clinical history, chest X-ray and lung ultrasound images.Results:A total of 1 100 newborns were enrolled in our study.The diagnostic agreement between chest X-ray and lung ultrasound(Cohen′s kappa coefficient=0.347) was fair.Lung ultrasound(area under the curve=0.778; 95% CI 0.753-0.803) performed significantly better than chest X-ray(area under the curve=0.513; 95% CI 0.483-0.543) in the diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn( P<0.001). The accuracy of lung ultrasound in diagnosing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia and neonatal pulmonary atelectasis was similar to that of chest X-ray. Conclusion:Lung ultrasound, as a low-cost, simple and radiation-free auxiliary examination method, has a diagnostic accuracy close to or even better than that of chest X-ray, which may replace chest X-ray in the diagnosis of some neonatal lung diseases.It should be noted that both chest X-ray and lung ultrasound can only be used as auxiliary means for the diagnosis of lung diseases, and it is necessary to combine imaging with the clinical history and presentation.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods:In the cross-sectional study, a total of 422 children with CAP who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children′s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, from February 2021 to August 2022 and completed lung ultrasound examination within 48 hours after admission were enrolled. The clinical characteristics, lung ultrasound and chest CT were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to the signs of pneumonia indicated by chest CT, and the signs of lung ultrasound with diagnostic value were screened according to the signs of pneumonia indicated by chest CT by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression. According to severity of the disease, the children were divided into the severe group and the mild group, and the differences of lung ultrasound signs between the two groups were compared. Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher′s exact test was selected for comparison between groups. Random forest classifier wes used to evaluate the value of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of CAP and prediction of severe pneumonia in children. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the prediction effect. Use DeLong test to compare the area under the curve.Results:Among the 422 cases of CAP, there were 258 males and 164 females, and the age of onset was 2.8 (1.3, 4.3) years. The confluent B-line, consolidation and pleural effusion detected by lung ultrasound were 309 cases (73.2%), 232 cases (55.0%) and 16 cases (3.8%), respectively, and the size of consolidation was 3.0 (0, 11.0) mm. One hundred and ten children (26.1%) with CAP completed chest CT. There were 90 cases with signs of pneumonia in chest CT and 20 cases without signs of pneumonia. Lasso was used for feature selection.Lung consolidation ( OR=2.46), bilateral lung consolidation ( OR=1.16) and confluent B-line ( OR=1.34) were the main index. With random forest classifier, the accuracy of models using full variables and Lasso-selected variables were 0.79 (95% CI 0.70-0.86) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.70-0.86), the sensitivity were 0.81 and 0.81, and the specificity were 0.75 and 0.70, and the area under curve were 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.94, P<0.001) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.76-0.91, P<0.001), respectively. There were 97 cases in severe group and 325 cases in mild group. Compared with the mild group, the detection rate of consolidation, multiple consolidation, the size of consolidation and the size of consolidation was adjusted by body surface area (consolidation size/body surface area) in severe group were higher (66 cases (68.0%) vs. 166 cases (51.1%), 42 cases (43.3%) vs. 93 cases (28.6%), 8.0 (0, 17.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 9.0) mm, 12.5 (0, 24.6) vs. 2.1 (0, 17.6), χ2=8.59, 9.98, Z=14.40, 12.79, all P<0.05). Using lung ultrasound lung consolidation size and consolidation size/body surface area to predict the severe CAP, the optimal cut-off value were 6.7 mm and 10.2, the accuracy was 0.80 (95% CI 0.75-0.83) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.86-0.92), the sensitivity was 0.99 and 0.99, the specificity was 0.14 and 0.56, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.66 (95% CI 0.60-0.72, P<0.001) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.70-0.83, P<0.001), respectively. The area under the curve of consolidation size/body surface area was higher than that of consolidation size ( Z=5.50, P<0.001). Conclusions:Consolidation and confluent B-line, are important index for lung ultrasound diagnosis of CAP in children. The actual consolidation size adjusted by body surface area is superior to the size of consolidation in predicting severe CAP.

The protection of language function is one of the major challenges of brain surgery. Over the past century, neurosurgeons have attempted to seek the optimal strategy for the preoperative and intraoperative identification of language-related brain regions. Neurosurgeons have investigated the neural mechanism of language, developed neurolinguistics theory, and provided unique evidence to further understand the neural basis of language functions by using intraoperative cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation. With the emergence of modern neuroscience techniques and dramatic advances in language models over the last 25 years, novel language mapping methods have been applied in the neurosurgical practice to help neurosurgeons protect the brain and reduce morbidity. The rapid advancements in brain-computer interface have provided the perfect platform for the combination of neurosurgery and neurolinguistics. In this review, the history of neurolinguistics models, advancements in modern technology, role of neurosurgery in language mapping, and modern language mapping methods (including noninvasive neuroimaging techniques and invasive cortical electroencephalogram) are presented.
Brain Mapping ; Brain Neoplasms ; Humans ; Language ; Neurosurgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures

Primitive mammalian heart transforms from a single tube to a four-chambered muscular organ during a short developmental window. We found that knocking out global microRNA by deleting Dgcr8 microprocessor in Mesp1 cardiovascular progenitor cells lead to the formation of extremely dilated and enlarged heart due to defective cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed unusual upregulation of vascular gene expression in Dgcr8 cKO hearts. Single cell RNA sequencing study further confirmed the increase of angiogenesis genes in single Dgcr8 cKO CM. We also performed global microRNA profiling of E9.5 heart for the first time, and identified that miR-541 was transiently highly expressed in E9.5 hearts. Interestingly, introducing miR-541 back into microRNA-free CMs partially rescued their defects, downregulated angiogenesis genes and significantly upregulated cardiac genes. Moreover, miR-541 can target Ctgf and inhibit endothelial function. Our results suggest that microRNAs are required to suppress abnormal angiogenesis gene program to maintain CM differentiation.

Hepatic cholesterol accumulation is an important contributor to hypercholesterolemia, which results in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key lipogenic enzyme that converts cytosolic citrate derived from tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) to acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasm. Therefore, ACLY represents a link between mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic de novo lipogenesis. In this study, we developed the small molecule 326E with an enedioic acid structural moiety as a novel ACLY inhibitor, and its CoA-conjugated form 326E-CoA inhibited ACLY activity with an IC₅₀ = 5.31 ± 1.2 μmol/L in vitro. 326E treatment reduced de novo lipogenesis, and increased cholesterol efflux in vitro and in vivo. 326E was rapidly absorbed after oral administration, exhibited a higher blood exposure than that of the approved ACLY inhibitor bempedoic acid (BA) used for hypercholesterolemia. Chronic 326E treatment in hamsters and rhesus monkeys resulted in remarkable improvement of hyperlipidemia. Once daily oral administration of 326E for 24 weeks prevented the occurrence of atherosclerosis in ApoE^-/- mice to a greater extent than that of BA treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibition of ACLY by 326E represents a promising strategy for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.