BACKGROUND: Paradoxical intracranial tuberculoma is tuberculoma that developed or was enlarged during antituberculous therapy. The course of the disease or effective treatment are not well known. METHOD: Patients who developed intracranial tuberculoma or an enlarged tuberculoma during antituberculous therapy were investigated. Ten patients were enrolled. RESULTS: Paradoxical intracranial tuberculoma was detected 67.9 days after antituberculous therapy. The symptoms worsened over a period of 102.3 days. Improvement was noted after 165.4 days. Four patients recovered on the brain image and 4 recovered clinically. The CSF findings showed that the paradoxical tuberculomas had developed or were aggravated, the CSF findings was aggravated. CONCLUSION: Paradoxical intracranial tuberculoma can develop without specific symptoms. Paradoxical intracranial tuberculoma may not be a paradoxical response and may be a natural course of intracranial tuberculosis or a natural response to antituberculous therapy.
Brain ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculoma, Intracranial ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: Pathological diagnosis involves very delicate and complex consequent processing that is conducted by a pathologist. The recognition of false patterns might be an important cause of misdiagnosis in the field of surgical pathology. In this study, we evaluated the influence of visual and cognitive bias in surgical pathologic diagnosis, focusing on the influence of “mental rotation.” MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed three sets of the same images of uterine cervix biopsied specimens (original, left to right mirror images, and 180-degree rotated images), and recruited 32 pathologists to diagnose the 3 set items individually. RESULTS: First, the items found to be adequate for analysis by classical test theory, Generalizability theory, and item response theory. The results showed statistically no differences in difficulty, discrimination indices, and response duration time between the image sets. CONCLUSION: Mental rotation did not influence the pathologists' diagnosis in practice. Interestingly, outliers were more frequent in rotated image sets, suggesting that the mental rotation process may influence the pathological diagnoses of a few individual pathologists.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnostic Errors ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Pathology ; Pathology, Surgical

Purpose: Research on the relationship between diet and dementia among Koreans are lacking. This study investigated the association between dietary habits and dementia progression over 3 years in patients with Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD). Materials and Methods: This study included 705 patients with mild-to-moderate ADD. Dietary habits were assessed using the Mini Dietary Assessment Index, comprising 10 questions. Outcome measures included the Clinical Dementia Rating scale-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Caregiver-Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (CGA-NPI), and neuropsychological test battery (NTB) z-scores, which were evaluated annually over 3 years. Results: In Q10 (eat all food evenly without being picky), the 3-year mean differences in CDR-SB (increases in scores represent worsening) compared to the “rarely” group were -1.86 [95% confidence interval (CI)=-3.64 – -0.09, p=0.039] for the “usually” group and -2.23 (95% CI=-4.40 – -0.06, p=0.044) for the “always” group. In Q7 (add salt or soy sauce to food when eating), the 3-year mean differences in CDR-SB compared to the “always” group were -2.47 (95% CI=-4.70 – -0.24, p=0.030) for the “usually” group and -3.16 (95% CI=-5.36 – -0.96, p=0.005) for the “rarely” group. The “rarely” and “usually” groups in Q7 showed significantly less decline in NTB z-score and CGA-NPI compared to the “always” group. Conclusion Eating a balanced diet and reducing salt intake were associated with a slower decline in dementia severity, cognition, and behavioral alterations in patients with ADD.