Objective To investigate the f un ction of the autotransplanted splenic tissue. Method s 120 Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups: sham operation group and group of 50% autograft splenic tissue implantation in the om ental pouch after total splenectomy. Six months after, splenic transplants were removed, and C 3b and Fc receptor and the expression of protein on the macr ophages was assayed in the implanted splenic tissue. Results The expression of protein and the receptor on the mac rophage in transplants were similar with that in the normal group. Conclusion The function of the macrophages in t he implanted splenic tissue judged by the expression of protein and receptor is normal, the autotransplanted splenic tissue can fulfil the function of the norma l spleen.

ObjectiveTo observe the relationship between neuronal function score and pathological changes of fluid percussion brain injury in rats and to explore their clinical significances.MethodsThe fluid percussion models of brain injury in rats were established by using the improved device with three kinds impact pressure such as 0.1 MPa,0.2 MPa,0.3 MPa,and vital signs and mortality rate were observed.Behavior changes,brain water content,histological changes were observed by Shapira and Wahld method,dry-wet measure,light microscopy at 1 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,3 d and 7 d after operation respectively.ResultsThe animals accepted impact pressure of 0.1 MPa showed temporary hypopnea with mortality rate of 2.08％,those of 0.2 MPa suffered apnoea of ( 10.88 ±2.69 ) s with mortality rate of 4.17％ and those of 0.3 MPa suffered apnoea of ( 20.60 ± 3.02 ) s with mortality rate of 16.67％.As the impact pressure increased,nervous function score minimumly decreased to (7.17 ±0.75) of 0.1 MPa group,(4.83 ± 0.75 ) of 0.2 MPa group and (2.67 ± 0.52) of 0.3 MPa group respectively,and recovered more slowly.Brain water content maximumly reached to (81.12 ± 0.03 )％,(82.74 ± 1.11 )％ and (83.89± 0.04) ％ at time point of 24 h respectively.The brain injury was involved in the outer layer of cerebral cortex,hippocampal formation and brain stem respectively and histological observation verified above findings.Conclusion Light,moderate and heavy fluid percussion brain injury in rats have more and more low nervous function scores,which have positive relationship with more and more serious pathological changes.

Objective To evaluate the improvement of diagnostic accuracy with background region of interest(ROI)rectification for 99mTc-DTPA renography in patients with GFR≤plasma sampling method). Methods Thirty-three patients(age＞20 years,male/female=13/20)dose of 111 MBq/0.5 ml of 99mTc-DTPA was injected into an antecubital vein.The background ROI was selected below the kidney(Gates method,method a)or around the kidney(method b),then these two different GFR(GFRa,GFRb)were automatically estimated by computer.Meanwhile,3 ml blood samples were collected 2 h and 4 h after injection respectively,and radioactivity of 1 ml plasma was measured.GFR was calculated by dual plasma sampling method(GFRp)and the results were all standardized with the body surface area.The accuracies and correlations of GFRa and GFRb were compared to GFRp respectively. Results The correlation coefficients were ra=0.602 and rb=0.834.The median of difference of GFRa and GFRb was 8.33,-4.41.The median of absolute difference of GFRa and GFRb was 8.33,4.49.The accuracies within±15%,±30%and±50%of GFRa were 24.2%,30.3%and 48.5%,and those of GFRb were 33.3%,51.5%and 81.8%.Conclusion The background ROI around kidney can obviously improve the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-DTPA renography in patients with severe renal insufficiency.

SDF-1α, a ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4, is well known for mediating the migration of breast cancer cells. In a previous study we demonstrated that a synthetic 21-mer peptide antagonist of CXCR4 (NT21MP) derived from the viral macrophage inflammatory protein II could antagonize tumor growth in vivo by inhibiting cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. However, the role of SDF-1α in the signaling pathways underlying the proliferation of human breast cancer cells and associated signaling pathways and inhibiting signal pathways of NT21MP remained unclear. The present study investigated the mechanism of NT21MP on anti-tumor in breast cancer in vitro. The effect of NT21MP on the viability of cells was determined by the MTT assay. Annexin V-FITC and PI staining was performed to detect early stage apoptosis in SKBR3 cells treated with SDF-1α and AMD3100 or NT21MP. Western blotting techniques were used to assay the composition of phosphoproteomics and total proteins present in the SKBR3 breast cancer cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting technique were used to detect the effect of NT21MP and AMD3100 on Bcl-2 and Bax expression. The results indicated that SDF-1α prevented apoptosis and promoted the proliferation of SKBR3 human breast cancer cells. As compared with untreated SKBR3 cells, Treatment with SDF-1α significantly increased cell viability, and NT21MP abolished the protective effects of SDF-1α dose-dependently (P<0.05). There was a significant decrease in the percentage of apoptotic cells after SDF-1α treatment as compared with control group (2.7%±0.2% vs. 5.7%±0.4%, P<0.05). But pretreatment of SKBR3 cells with NT21MP significantly attenuated the antiapoptotic effects of SDF-1α as compared with SKBR3 cells without NT21MP pretreatment. The proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of SDF-1α in SKBR3 cells were associated with an increase in AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as a decrease in Bax expression and an increase in Bcl-2 expression. These changes in intracellular processes were blocked by NT21MP in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). In conclusion, NT21MP efficiently inhibits SDF-1α-induced proliferation and antiapoptosis in SKBR3 cells by reducing the levels of phosphorylated AKT and ERK1/2, as well as decreasing the ratio of expression of Bcl-2 relative to Bax.

Objective To analyse the effectiveness of the preoperative 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for large nephroblastoma up to 10 centimeters in diameter,and to investigate more effective preoperative therapies for intermediate and advanced nephroblastoma.Methods 32 cases of nephroblastoma were treated with preoperative radiotherapy with a dose fractionation as follows:150-200 cGy/fraction,5 fraction/week,the total dose of 1 000-2 000cGy,the mean dose of 1 600 cGy.During the radiotherapy,the B ultrasonic examination and CT were performed weekly to measure the variation of tumor volumes.The time of operation were determined based on the overall health status of patients,the shrinkage of tumor,and adhesions between tumor and adjacent vital organs.Radiontherapy was terminated one week before operation.4 patients who were found tumor adhered to normal tissues around kidney during operation were placed silver clip,and were given postoperative radiotherapy with additional dose of 1 000-2 000 cGy and the mean dose of 1 200 cGy.Results The median tumor reduction rate was 37 ％.The effective rate of preoperative radiotherapy was 100 ％.The complete resection rate was 87.5 ％.2-years tumor-free survival rates was 84.4 ％ and 5-years was 78.1％.There was no surgery-related death.Conclusion Preoperative 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy reduces tumor volume,and raises resection and survival rate.

Objective To investigate the long-term curative effect of the radiotherapy combined uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization for cervical cancer.Methods Records of 632 patients with cervical cancer stage Ⅱ-Ⅳa proved by pathology in Lanzhou Command General Hospital from January 1st,1999 to August 31st.2009 were retrospective analysed.One hundrand and twenty-six cases of them were treated with radical radiothempy combined uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization(arterial chemoembolization+radiotherapy group).506 cases of them were treated with radical radiotherapy only (radiotherapy group);the evaluation of the late radiation injury was done,according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(RTOG/EORTC)advanced radiation injury criteria.Prognosis and complications were compared between two groups,relative risk factors of radiothempy complications were identified by method of logistic regression.Results (1)Survival:the total survival mtes of 1-year,2-year,5-year and 8-year were 94.4%,82.3%,48.8%,29.1%,respectively.The survival rates of arterial chemoembolization+radiotherapy group were 96.0%.82.1%,37.2%,25.7%,while the survival rates of radiotherapy group were 94.1%,80.8%,51.1%,31.5%,in which there were significant differences between two groups (x2 = 0.009, P= 0.993; x2 =0. 158, P =0.691;X2 =11. 197,P=0. 001;x2 =9. 649,P =0.002). During the follow-up period, the rate of recurrence and metastasis in arterial chemoembolization + radiotherapy group were 77. 0% (97/126), while 73. 3% (371/ 506) in radiotherapy group ( x2 = 0. 705,P = 0. 401). (2) Radiotherapy complications and relative risk factors; the total incidence of tardive bladder injury higher than RTOG/EORTC stage II was 5.5% (35/632), while it was 11. l%(14/126)in arterial chemoembolization + radiotherapy group, 4.2% (21/506) in the radiotherapy group(x2 =9.344,P =0.002). The results of logistic regression showed that the uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization was relative risk factors of the tardive bladder injury ( x2 =6. 440, OR = 2. 869,P=0. 011). Conclusions Compared with the simple radiotherapy, there are a similar short-term survival rate and significant poor 5-year, 8-year survival rate in the patients treated with the uterine arterial interventional chemoembolization combined with radiotherapy, which also may be strong dangerous factor for the occurrence of tardive bladder injury. The results shown that the uterine arterial interventional chemoem bolization do not recommend to be routine adjuvant therapy for the radical radiotherapy of cervical cancer.

The coronal process of ulna is an important stable structure in front of the elbow joint, which is composed of the tip of the coronal process, towering tubercle and anterior medial face. The fracture of the coronal process is often accompanied by the fracture and dislocation of the elbow joint, which leads to the instability of the elbow joint. The coronoid process has the advantages of small size, special shape, complex surrounding soft tissue structure, and plays an important role in the stability of the elbow joint. The selection of safe, minimally invasive and well exposed surgical approach is a necessary condition for safe and effective internal fixation. The choice of surgical approach must comprehensively consider the concomitant injury and choose the best surgical approach. This article mainly describes the normal anatomical structure of the coronal process and around the elbow joint, analyzes the biomechanics and stability of the coronal process in the elbow joint, and reviews the latest progress in surgical treatment.

tomography angiography ( CTA) and T12-S1 vertebral computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction were selected .The operative win-dows of L1 ~L2 OLIF were observed:the vascular window ,bare window ,psoas major window ,ideal operative window and actual operative win-dow.The operative windows ’ percentage accounted for ideal operative window were calculated ,the actual operative window based on an actual operative window of <1 cm,≥1 cm were statistically analyzed ,and the positions of the left renal artery and renal vein in front of operative window of L1 ~L2 OLIF were observed.Results The actual operative window was <1 cm in 2 cases (3.3%) and ≥1 cm in 58 cases (96.7%).In 58 cases,the difference was significant(P=0.008) in gender and men were more than women.The vascular window,bare win-dow and psoas major window accounted for the ideal operative window by 45%,43%and 12%,respectively ,and the actual operative window accounted for the ideal operative window by 55%.The left renal artery and renal vein's walking planes were at between the middle 1/3 of L1 to up 1/3 of L2 .There were 31 cases (51.7%) of the left renal artery being behind the left renal vein .Conclusion The regional anatomy of the operative window of L1 ~L2 OLIF has its own peculiarities,and not all L1 ~L2 levels are suitable for OLIF.The left renal vessels’ walk-ing planes were in front of L 1 ~L2 .Before L1 ~L2 OLIF surgery,surgeons should analyze the imaging anatomimy through imaging .

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of combined anterior and posterior approach and posterior median approach to treat O'Driscoll type III b fracture of ulnar coronoid process.Methods:A retrospective case control study was made on 67 patients with O'Driscoll type III b fracture of ulnar coronoid process treated in Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to January 2019, including 35 males and 32 females, aged from 21 to 61 years [(38.0±9.4)years]. Among them, 31 patients were treated with combined anterior and posterior approach for reduction and internal fixation (combined approach group), and 36 patients with median posterior elbow approach group for reduction and internal fixation (posterior elbow approach group). The operation time, amount of intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time were compared between groups. The visual analogue score (VAS), elbow joint range of motion and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) were assessed for pain and function evaluation at postoperative 1, 3, 6 months and at the last follow-up. The occurrence of complications were observed as well.Results:All patients were followed up for 12 to 28 months [(20.1±4.2)months]. There was no significant difference in operation time and VAS between the two groups ( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss [(133.6±20.3)ml] and fracture healing time [(12.3±1.7)months] in combined approach group were less or shorter than those in posterior elbow approach group [(144.4±22.1)ml, (13.2±2.0)months] ( P<0.05). The range of flexion and extension of elbow joint in combined approach group [(88.7±10.8)°, (111.1±13.9)°, (121.3±14.1)°, (127.1±13.3)°] was higher than that in posterior elbow approach group [(74.5±11.8)°, (97.6±12.6)°, (111.3±13.0)°, (115.2±12.7)°] at postoperative 1, 3, 6 months and at the last follow-up ( P<0.05). The MEPS in combined approach group [(31.7±8.6)points, (55.6±9.3)points, (84.6±10.5)points, (85.0±10.3)points] was higher than that in posterior elbow approach group [(27.2±8.2)points, (50.7±8.7)points, (77.4±11.2)points, (80.1±9.4)points] at postoperative 1, 3, 6 months and last follow-up ( P<0.05). The incidence of complications in combined approach group [10%(3/31)] was lower than that in posterior elbow approach group [31%(11/36)]( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the simple posterior elbow median approach, the combined anterior and posterior elbow approach for treatment of O'Driscoll type IIIb fracture of ulnar coronoid process has lower intraoperative blood loss, faster fracture healing, lower incidence of complications and better elbow function.

A new method for the simulation of the mass distribution of cancellous bone is presented on the basis of finite element analysis (FEA). In this method,the process of bone remodelling is considered as a process of the topology optimization of a corresponding continuum structure. Fabric tensor is used to express the microstructure and the constitutive properties of cancellous bone. The effective volume fraction or the relative density of a point in the design domain is expressed by the invariables of the fabric tensor. A reference strain interval, which is corresponding to the strain dead zone of a bone in biomechanics, is applied to detect the the final topology of the structure. By the present approach, several numerical results are given, i. e., the simulation on the shape of the coronal plane of vertebrae, the predictions of the mass distributions of the two-dimensional and the three-dimensional proximal femurs. The validity and feasibility of this new method are verified by the comparison between the results of the present work and those in the published literatures.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Algorithms ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; physiology ; Bone Remodeling ; physiology ; Bone and Bones ; physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Femur Head ; physiology ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical