Drug therapy is one of the efficient methods for prostate cancer treatment. However, drug resistance greatly hindered the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Herein, the mechanisms of drug resistance in prostate cancer have been exhaustively reviewed, and that can provide an alternative strategy and new targets for anti-prostate cancer therapy.

Objective To investigate the different influences of simvastatin on proliferation of rat smooth muscle progenitor cells(SPCs) versus endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and identify the compounds that differentially inhibit SPCs and EPCs proliferation for clinical usefulness. Methods Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from bone marrow of rats by Fieoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. SPCs outgrew from the culture of MNCs in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and basic fibroblast growth factor, whereas EPCs were obtained in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor. SPCs were identified as adherent cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by indirect immunofluoreseent staining. EPCs were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiLDL-uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining. SPCs and EPCs were stimulated by simvastatin (0.01～10.00 μmol/L) or vehicle control for the respective time points (6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). SPCs and EPCs proliferation were assayed with 3H-TdR incorporation and manual counting respectively. Results Simvastatin obviously inhibited SPCs proliferation. At the concentration of 0. 01 μmol/L for 12 h,simvastatin significantly reduced the number of SPCs by (5.8±3.1)% compared with control group (P<0.05). Simvastatin significantly stimulated EPCs proliferation, which was dose- and time dependent and reached maximum at 1 μmol/L after 24 hours (2.0±0.1 fold increase, P<0.01).Conclusions Simvastatin displays different effects on SPCs (inhibited) and EPCs (promoted)proliferation. Local application of simvastatin may inhibit arterial restenosis and promote reendothelialization of injured vessels.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to rebuild the anatomic structures of the mandibular bone and the canal, and to testify the reliability of the rebuilt model.

METHODS15 mandibular bones with teeth are chosen, and a three-dimensional model was built with the method of CT. The slices vertical to the compensating curve were made in every dental position. Then the authors collected the data of alveoli and mandibular canal in every slice. The same work was done to the bone specimen, and then comparative analysis was done.

RESULTSThe wideness of the alveoli and 10 mm bellow increased from mesial to distal position. It was the same of the alveoli from the top to the bottom. The mandibular canal lied in the inner and inferior side of the mandibular body. There was no significant difference in data collected with these two methods.

CONCLUSIONDifferent types of dental implants should be chosen according to the anatomic characteristic of the mandibular bone in every dental position before the operation to avoid complications. And a reliable, accurate and direct method of planning an implant operation is to rebuild a three-dimensional model.

Adult ; Computer Graphics ; Humans ; Mandible ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; innervation ; Mandibular Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Models, Anatomic ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

Objective This study was to observe the meibomian gland scores,the miss rate of meibomian,break-up time of tear film (BUT) changes after long-term wearing orthokeratolog,and to evaluate orthokeratolog impact on meibomian gland function and the stability of the tear film.Methods A prospective case-controlled study was performed.Fifty patients 98 eyes with myopia were enrolled.According to the myopia correction mode,the patients were divided into control group (24 cases) and experimental group (overnight orthokeratolog treatment) group (26 cases).All subjects were underwent the examinations sequentially as follows:evaluation of ocular surface disease symptoms using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI),lid margin and ocular surface examination by slit lamp microscrope,infrared meibomian photography and BUT.All measurements were repeated at 3 months,6 months,24-months follow-up visit.All patients signed informed consent before examination.Results After wearing orthok-contact lens for 24 months,the meibomian gland score was 4.54±1.10 and 2.29±0.75 in the experimental group and control group,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The BUT was (6.35 ± 1.52) s 24 months after wearing orthokeratolog,which was less than (9.38 ± 1.88) s in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).The miss rate of meibomian gland was 24.39 ± 5.54 and 22.81 ± 5.23 in the experimental group and control group,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference among the the miss rate of meibomian gland between groups and within groups (all at P＞0.05).Conclusions Long-term wearing orthokeratolog has negetive effects on meibomian gland function and the stability of the tear film.

Objective:To analyze the research status, development trend and frontier hotspots of midwifery education in China in recent 20 years.Methods:Based on the topic of "midwifery education" or "midwifery teaching", this paper searched the periodical literatures from 2001 to 2021 on CNKI database, and used CiteSpace5.7R5 software to analyze them visually and generate knowledge map.Results:A total of 548 Chinese papers were included in this study, and the annual number of published papers showed an overall upward trend. The research field of midwifery education in China formed an obvious core team, and there was few cooperation among core author groups. Health Vocational Education, Chinese Nursing Education and Chinese Higher Medical Education were the top three journals. The six topics with the highest frequency were midwifery specialty, midwifery personnel, midwifery education, practice teaching, delivery mode and teaching mode, forming 10 clusters of midwifery education. In recent three years, the research of midwifery education in China has gradually changed into simulation teaching, flipped classroom, postpartum rehabilitation and so on. Conclusion:The research scope of midwifery education in China is wide and has formed an obvious core team, but the correlation is weak and there is less communication and cooperation among the research teams. The research in the field of high-level midwifery education is insufficient. Midwifery educators and researchers should pay enough attention to carry out in-depth research on relevant aspects.