BACKGROUND: The islet cell transplantation has provided a solid basis for diabetic therapy, but the insufficient donor limits its development.OBJECTIVE: improving the method of isolating and purifying islets to observe the transplantation effect.DESIGN: A laboratory animal research.SETTING: Key Laboratory of Animal and Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Key Laboratory of Animal and Department of Cell Biology in China Medical University between January and October in 2006. Donors were Wistar rats of either gender, weight 250-300 g;Acceptors were SD male rats, weight 180-220g. The two kinds of rats were all common closed population and from the Experimental Animal Department of China Medical University (The Admission Number of Experimental Animal Institute is SYXK(LIAO)2003-0013).METHODS: ①Isolation and exaltation of islet cells as well as the functional evaluation of pancreas: After etherisation, the Wistar rat without fasting was executed. A little cut was made on the beginning of the biliary pore, then the little cut lumbar anesthesia ductus, which were connected with a 1-mm-diameter syringe and full of cold collagenase solution (1.5 g/L), was inserted directly to dilate pancreas thoroughly. The pancreatic gland was isolated and digested in the water of centrifuge, when doing that, 1 mol/L NaOH was put interruptedly into the centrifuge tube to keep the pH value of the solution at 7.8±1.0. The rat pancreas purified by centrifugation of Ficoll density gradient: The identification of purified islets was evaluated by dithizone staining. The viability of islet was assessed by fluorescence staining of aridine orange and propidium iodide. The motility rate=the total number of live cells/(the total number of live cells + the total number of dead cells)×100%. Pancreatic activity was calculated: insulin release index=the level of insulin at the third hour (high concentration glucose)/the level of insulin at the second hour (low concentration glucose). ②The blood from vena caudalis of SD rat was sampled and measured the blood sugar after the intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. The rat was diagnosed as DM when blood sugar was more than 16.7 mmol/L twice without fasting. The DM rats were divided into two groups, every group 8 rats. The experimental group rats were injected about 1 000 islet cells into the location below renal capsule, and the control group rats were injected the same volume of 1640 cultu re solution. Eight normal rats, whose glucose concentration ≤ 5.5 mmol/L, were taken randomly as normal controlled group. The blood sugar was measured every day after the surgery. The blood sugar less than 11.1 mmol/L without fasting was taken as the sign of successful islet transplantation. Intravenous sugar tolerance test was applied to the rats of normal control group, DM control group and experimental group 3 days after islet transplantation. Fasting for 12 hours before test, the blood sugar was measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Purity quotient, survival rate and activity of islet cells.RESULTS: All 24 SD acceptor rats were involved in the result analysis without miss.①The total number of purified islets of one pancreas was (1 150±141) in well morphology. The purity of islets was more than 95%. The viability of islets was more than 98%. ②The insulin secretion response to glucose challenge in vitro showed the mean value of insulin in the low-glucose medium was (70.5±6.9) mlU/L, while that of high-glucose medium was (321.4±11.6) mlU/L, the insulin release index was 4.6±0.52, that meant the beta cell of islet functioned well. ③The blood glucose level and the insulin level in plasma of the transplanted recipients restored to normal 3 days after transplantation. The survival period of transplanted islets was (6±2) days. But there was not any change in the concentration of blood sugar in the control group (16.7 mmol/L). The intravenous glucose tolerance test showed the identical outcome between the islet splantation group and the normal control group.CONCLUSION: There are high yield and high purify of islet cells in rats, which are isolated by in situ perfusion and purified by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation.

Objective To evaluate the effects of blood-lipid report's reformat on outpatients' behavior and knowledge of dyslipidemia therapy.Methods The blood-lipid report was reformatted by adding three tables from the Chinese Guideline on the Prevention and Treatment of Adult Dyslipidemia on its back.The same questionnaire was used twice to evaluate the patients' behavior and knowledge of dyslipidemia therapy before and after reformat.Results Before and after reformat,the rates of correct deterination of their own risk stratification were 26.0％ ( 112/430 ) and 26.3％ ( 115/438 ) respectively.The awareness rates of Different LDL-C goals among different persons wcre 37.0％ (159/430) and 35.8％ (157/438).Only 0.7％ (2/306) and 1.0％ (3/299) of patients knew their blood lipid goals (P =0.557).When the report showed normal blood lipid levels,the percentages of taking lipid-lowering drug were 47.6％ ( 230/483 ) and 46.6％ ( 216/464 ),20.5％ ( 99/483 ) and 19.0％ ( 88/464 ) of patients questioned the prescription.Non-medication rates were 31.9％ ( 154/483 ) and 34.5％ ( 160/464 ) respectively before and after reformat ( P ＞ 0.05 ).For patients requiting lipid-lowering drug therapy by the guideline,treatment rate improved significantly in the low-risk group (13.3％ vs.75.0％,P =0.002).Treatment rate slightly increased in the high-risk and very high-risk groups after reformat (54.0％ vs.56.8％,62.4％ vs.69.0％,P ＞ 0.05 ).Rates of achieving lipid goal showed no change [ 41.5％ ( 102/ 245 ) vs.44.5％ ( 114/256 ),P ＞ 0.05 ] after reformat,especially among the very high-risk patients [17.9％(12/68) vs.21.6％(11/52),P＞0.05].Conclusions The blood-lipid report reformat did not improve the patient behaviors and knowledge of the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia because of poor treatment rate and medication compliance.The combination of patient education and thorough blood-lipid report reformat may help to increase the attainment rate of dyslipidemia therapy.

Objective To explore the effects of low-sodium salt on blood pressure and to find out an economical,effective and easy-to-implement method to reduce the blood pressure.Methods This study was a randomized controlled study based on family unit.The participation families were recommended by local newspaper reporters and each family included at least 2 family members over 50 years old,who composed the objects of the study.The intervention group received two-month salt substitution intervention (with low sodium and high potassium) for free,while the control group received no intervention.Results The decrement of systolic blood pressure in intervention group was (4.7±10.9)mmHg,while the systolic blood pressure in control group was decreased by (2.6± 10.3)mmHg.The decline range of blood pressure was higher in the intervention group than in the control group,and there was a statistical significance in the difference (t=2.19,P＜0.05).Conclusions Salt substitution (with low sodium and high potassium) is an economical,effective and easy-to-implement method to reduce the blood pressure.Therefore,it is recommended to promote salt substitution (with low sodium and high potassium) in the crowd.

Objective: To explore the relationship between body weight changes from early adulthood to middle age and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia by large-scale cardiovascular risk factor investigation.
Methods: A total of 15 population groups from China multi-center collaborative study of cardiovascular epidemiology in 1998 were enrolled. There were approximately 1000 participants in each group including 50% of each male and female at the age of (35-59) years which was deifned as middle age. The participants were surveyed for cardiovascular risk factors including the body weight and body mass index (BMI) at the age of 25 years which was deifned as early adulthood. The participants were divided into 4 groups based on BMI at early adulthood: Low body weight group, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, Normal body weight group, BMI (18.5-23.9) kg/m2, Overweight group, BMI (24-27.9) kg/m2 and Obese group, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2. The changes of body weight from early adulthood to middle age were calculated by body weight at present minus body weight at 25 years; according to the differences, participants were divided into another set of 6 groups: differences < -7.5 kg, (-7.5 to -2.6) kg, (-2.5 to 2.5) kg, (2.6 to7.5) kg, (7.6 to 12.5) kg and > 12.5 kg. The relationship between body weight status at 25 years of age with subsequent changes and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia were investigated.
Results: A total of 13883 participants finished the investigation.①The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia by 4 BMI groups were at 22.8%, 26.0%, 27.4% and 30.8% respectively (the trend ofP<0.01).②The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia by 6 age differences groups were at 12.5 %, 14.0 %, 17.8 %, 24.2 %, 31.5 % and 40.9 % respectively (the trend ofP<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that overweight and obesity at the age of 25 years with subsequent weight gain were positively related to the risk of hypertriglyceridemia at the middle age (the trend ofP<0.01).
Conclusion: Overweight and obesity in early adulthood with subsequent weight gain were independently related to the risk of hypertriglyceridemia at the middle age in our survey.

Objective To investigate the effects of tea polysaccharides (TPS) on blood lipids and liver trace elements in hyperlipidemic rats. Method The hyperlipidemic rats were treated by gavage with tea polysaccharides of three purities, named TPS I, TPS II, and TPS III at 27.43%,57.82%,and 89.50% purity, respectively for 4 w. Then the rats were killed and the influence of TPS on concentrations of total cholesterol (TC)、triglyceride (TG)、low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum, and Ca,Fe,Zn,Cu and Mg ion in liver were determined. Results The TC and MDA concentrations in blood serum of the experimental rats decreased significantly(P

Objective: To analysis the relationship between glucocorticosteroids (GCS) usage and side effects in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods: All clinical records of probable SARS patients in Beijing were collected and input into an Epi6 database, in which 1 291 patients had entire information and met the clinical criteria of SARS. The usage of GCS and GCS associated side effects were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Patients accepted GCS therapy were 83.96% (n= 1 084), whereas 16.04%(n=207) did not take GCS. The average dosage of GCS was 160 mg/d in the first week, and then reduced to 80 mg/d and 40 mg/d in the second and the third weeks, respectively. Initial blood glucose, systolic pressure (SBP), and diastolic pressure (DBP) were no significant difference between GCS group and non-GCS group. The highest blood glucose during the treatment in GCS group was markedly higher than that in non-GCS group [(8.68? 4.80 ) mmol/L vs (6.39?3.71) mmol/L, P05). After GCS administration, SBP and DBP were increased gradually, and reached their peaks in the fourth week [SBP (117.2?14.0) mm Hg and DBP (72.5?9.1) mm Hg vs SBP (120.0?12.5) mm Hg and DBP (74.5?8.7) mm Hg, P

Objective To evaluate effectiveness of guideline-oriented training for community healthcare workers (HCWs) with The Applied Standards for Hypertension Prevention and Control at the Grassroots to provide guidance to hypertension management in communities. Methods In 2003, four community health-care service centers in Beijing were selected and assigned as intervention (one at urban and one at rural) and control (one at urban and one at rural ) groups, respectively. HCWs in the intervention group received guideline-oriented training based on The Applied Standards for Hypertension Prevention and Control at the Grassroots, while HCW in the control group did not. All HCWs participated in tests of the knowledge of hypertension management using the same questionnaire before and after the training to analyze their changes in awareness scores with a full of 32. Results There were 39 and 33 HCWs in the intervention group and 15 and 16 HCWs in the control group, respectively at urban, and 30 and 33 HCWs in the intervention group and 21 and 22 HCWs in the control group, respectively at rural before and after the training were involved in the tests, respectively. After training, overall knowledge scores of hypertension prevention and control in HCWs in the intervention group at urban increased obviously, with an average score of 26 of 32 ( 81.0% ) after training from 15 of 32 (45. 6% ) before it ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) , with a net increase of 28.5% (9/32), as compared to HCWs in the control group. Those at rural increased to 6. 6% (20/32) after training from 40. 7% (13/32) before it ( P ＜ 0.01 ), with a net increase of 22. 2 percent (7/32), as compared to HCWs in the control group. Their awareness of knowledge of hypertension prevention and control significantly improved, with the most obviously in the target of blood pressure control (51.7% vs. 31.5% ) and principles of pharmaceutical therapy (42. 2% vs. 27. 6% ). Conclusions Guideline-oriented training based on The Applied Standards for Hypertension Prevention and Control at the Grassroots can effectively improve community HCWs' awareness of knowledge of hypertension management and should be widely promoted in communities.

Objective The management of medical projects of the National Key Research and Development Program of China is difficult.Thus this article aims to analyze the common problems and summarize the preparatory work before the project initiation.Methods Comprehensively adopted the methodologies of literature analysis,survey investigation to analyze the common problems before the project initiation,and then particularly summarize the preparatory works for biomedical research,especially for clinical research,from the perspective of investigators.Results Proposed several aspects that should take into consideration before the initiation of the projects..clarify the organizational management framework,play the role of kick-off meeting,organize tailored training on financial management,prepare research protocol and related documents,seek Institutional Review Board approval and conduct clinical research registration,normalize document managment,formulate project management plan,and prepare research facilities timely.Conclusions Investigators should develop a detailed project management plan before initiation of the project,preparation work should focus on personnel,financial resources,facilities,research progress,quality,data,etc.

Objective To observe neurophysiological changes and pulmonary function in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and analyze their inter-relationship. Methods Sixty OSAS patients were studied. Their lung function and phrenic motor nerve conduction (PNC) were examined. Thirty cases without respiratory disorder served as controls. The lung function tests included percentage of the predicted value of vital capacity ( VC% ), percentage of the predicted value of maximal voluntary ventilation ( MVV% ), percentage of the predicted value of forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1% ), inspiratory capacity ( IC), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV). The phrenic nerve was stimulated electrically, and the latent period and the diaphragmatic compound muscle action potential (dCMAP) were recorded. Results The VC%, MVV%, FEV1% , IC and ERV of the patients with OSAS were significantly lower than those of the controls. There was no significant difference between the patients and the controls with regard to their PNC latency. In the OSAS patients the amplitude ratio of their dCMAPs was positively correlated with VC% , MVV% , FEV1% , IC and ERV, and negatively with an apnea hypopnea index (AHI).Conclusions PNC examination can provide valuable information for evaluating diaphragmatic dysfunction in those with abnormal lung function. Decreased dCMAP might be associated with abnormal lung function.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between exercise and serum lipid level in middle-aged population. Methods: Based on “multicenter collaborative study of cardiovascular epidemiology” research, a total of 3482 subjects at the age of (35-59) years from urban and rural areas of Beijing and Guangzhou were enrolled in this study. According to daily energy expenditure of exercise (EEexer), the participants were divided into 3 groups: No exercise group, (daily) EEexer below median group and (daily) EEexer above median group. The type and duration of exercise were collected by the questionnaire, daily EEexer was calculated and the relationship between exercise and serum lipid level was estimated by covariance analysis. Results: There were 47.1% (807/1712) male and 41.1% (727/1770) female participants having exercise. With controlled age, area, education level, smoking, drinking, BMI and energy expenditure of physical activity outside of exercise (EEPA), serum levels of TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TG were decreased in women by elevated EEexer groups accordingly, and among them, there were significant differences in LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels between groups, P<0.05; compared with No exercise group, in female daily EEexer above median group, LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels decreased about 0.14 mmol/L,P=0.0063 and 0.14 mmol/L, P=0.0155 respectively; while in men, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TG levels showed a decreasing trends by elevated EEexer groups but with no statistical significance. No association was found for HDL-C in men and women. Conclusion: Serum levels of LDL-C and non-HDL-C were lower in female daily EEexer above median group than No excise group, the effects were independent from working and other physical activities.