Objective To investigate the association between the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in angiotensin Ⅱ type one receptor (AT1R) gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese Han nationality.Methods Extracted DNA and RNA samples of peripheral blood white cells from 192 CAD patients and 189 healthy individuals in Jan 2011 to Oct 2013 from the general hospital of the PLA Rocket Force.Designed primes and the three SNPs as rs6801836,rs2675511 and rs5182 of AT1R gene were analyzed with allele-specific fluorogenic oligonucleotide probes in an assay combining extension and hybridization.Results The genotype and allele frequencies of the three SNPs were not significantly different between the control group and CAD group (x2 =0.047～2.226,all P＞0.05).The major haplotype constructed with linkaged rs6801836 and rs5182 was TT.The frequency of every haplotypes showed no significantly difference between the two groups (x2 =0.025～1.020,all P＞0.05).Conclusion The three polymorphisms of AT1R gene studied in this work showed no association with CAD susceptibility.

Objective To establish a method for high throughput screening single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) by tag microarray,and then apply the method to study the gene SNP which is related to the motor function of normal people.Methods The genes related to motor function were firstly defined,and then 48 SNP loci were determined.The rs numbers of these SNP loci were fingered out from PubMed,and the primers were designed with the software in web site "www.autoprimer.com".The primer sequences were then downloaded and sent to the biologic corporation for synthesis.After being synthesized and purified by HPLC these primers were used in the experiments according to the instruction of Bakeman's SNPstream machine.The key techniques of SNPstream machine were tag microarray and single nucleotide extension assay.Once the determination was finished,both the gene frequency and allele frequency of every locus could be statistically analyzed.Results The information of the 48 SNP loci that related to motor function had been determined simultaneously by tag microarray,regardless the number of samples to be detected at the same time.The number of the samples was variable to meet the need.The data of gene frequency and allele frequency of these 48 SNP loci may be used in the subsequent studies.Conclusions Tag microarray used to high throughput screening SNP has the advantages of accuracy,speed,efficiency and reasonable cost.Therefore it can be applied to study the relationship between the SNP and many kinds of diseases.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)and expression levels ofα-adducin(ADD1)gene in coronary artery disease (CAD)patients.Methods Extracted DNA and RNA samples of peripher-al blood white cells from 114 CAD patients and 116 healthy individuals in Jan 2011 to Oct 2013 from the General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force.SNPs of rs3775067 and rs1263359 mutations in the ADD1 gene were analyzed with allele-specific flu-orogenic oligonucleotide probes combining hybridization.The gene expression levels were analyzed with fluorescence labeled and capillary electrophoresis technology.Results The frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of the two SNPs in the ADD1 gene were not significantly different between the two groups (χ2=0.018~1.317,all P>0.05).The ADD1 gene expression levels of CAD group (0.226±0.284)were obviously higher than that of control group (0.153±0.144,P<0.05).The gene expression levels of TC genotype of rs3775067 were obviously higher in CAD group (0.250±0.319)than that of control group (0.154±0.156,P<0.05),but the levels of the other genotypes had no significant difference between the two groups (t=0.557~1.867,all P>0.05).Conclusion The elevated ADD1 gene expression level would be risk factor for CAD.The polymorphisms of rs3775067 and rs1263359 had no relevance with CAD susceptibility.

The most prevalent kind of renal calculi,calcium oxalate(CaOx),is characterized by its propensi-ty for recurrence in the urinary system.The development of CaOx renal calculi is greatly affected by macrophage polariza-tion.Particular oxalate causes an imbalance in macrophage polarization,which skews the M1/M2 ratio and makes it easier for CaOx crystals to accumulate in the kidneys and grow into calcium plaques in the renal papilla.Notably,M2 macro-phages can prevent CaOx renal calculi by consuming crystals and reducing inflammatory stress.As a result,immunothera-peutic techniques that alter M1 and M2 macrophage polarization are extremely promising for preventing CaOx renal calcu-li.To clarify the respective roles of M1 and M2 macrophages in the formation of CaOx crystals and provide insights for de-veloping immunotherapeutic interventions against CaOx renal calculi,this review summarizes the mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization in the genesis of CaOx renal calculi.

This study aimed to validate the high yield and soluble expression of proteins carrying the transactivator of transcription (Tat) peptide tag, and further explored the potential mechanism by which the Tat tag increases expression. Escherichia coli superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins, including SodA, SodB and SodC, were selected for analysis. As expected, the yields and the solubility of Tat-tagged proteins were higher than those of Tat-free proteins, and similar results were observed for the total SOD enzyme activity. Bacterial cells that overexpressed Tat-tagged proteins exhibited increased anti-paraquat activity compared with those expressing Tat-free proteins that manifested as SodA>SodC>SodB. When compared with an MG1655 wild-type strain, the growth of a ΔSodA mutant strain was found to be inhibited after paraquat treatment; the growth of ΔSodB and ΔSodC mutant strains was also slightly inhibited. The mRNA transcript level of genes encoding Tat-tagged proteins was higher than that of genes encoding Tat-free proteins. Furthermore, the α-helix and turn of Tat-tagged proteins were higher than those of Tat-free proteins, but the β-sheet and random coil content was lower. These results indicated that the incorporation of the Tat core peptide as a significant basic membrane transduction peptide in fusion proteins could increase mRNA transcripts and promote the high yield and soluble expression of heterologous proteins in E. coli.
Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; HIV-1* ; Membranes ; Paraquat ; RNA, Messenger* ; Solubility ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Superoxides* ; Trans-Activators

BACKGROUND: Ureteral obstruction is mainly caused by surgical technic, ischemic, and peripheral lesion compression as well as rejection; in particular, the surgical technic factor is the most important. How to effectively reduce ureteral complications following renal transplantation is significant for prompt diagnosis and clinical treatment.OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the diagnosis of 23 cases with ureteral complications following renal transplantation, and to summarize pathogeny and preventing management.METHODS: The retrospective analysis was conducted on 23 (1.98%) out of 1 160 cases with ureteral complications following renal transplantation who were selected from General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 1998 to December 2008. In 924 cases of renal transplantation with cadaver kidneys, ureteral stenosis occurred in 18 cases (1.95%), while in 236 cases with relative kidneys, ureteral stenosis occurred in 5 cases (2.12%). A total of 17 cases were performed with ureterovesicostomy; 2 with uretero-autoallergic anastomosis of ureter; 1 with cutaneous ureterostomy; 1 with ureteral liberation, resetting ureteric branch stand; 1 with saccule dilation; 1 with retrograde ureteric branch stand under cystoscope. Type-B ultrasonic examination was re-checked to determine pyeloureterectasis following treating ureteral complications.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 23 cases, stenosis of ureterovesical junction occurred in 19 cases, necrosis of the ureter on 2 cases, and twisting of ureter graft on 2 cases. Following up was performed after treatment for 3-98 months. In 20 cases, renal pelvis and urinary bladder of transplanted kidney were smooth, and function was recovered remarkably. At 4 days after surgery, serum creatinine level was decreased, and no recurrence was rechecked postoperatively. One patient had skin stoma for 8 years at least postoperatively, and the renal function was still normal. The skin stoma was replaced regularly. Therapeutic effect was poor in a patient with distension and 1 with detaining ureteric branch stand, and patients still had stricture of ureter,which was treated by a surgery. The results demonstrated that the etiology of ureteral obstruction after kidney transplantation was complex, and stenosis of ureterovesical junction was most common. Most of obstruction request surgical management. The graft function and the long-term graft survival were not affected by a correctly treated ureteral obstruction.