Objective To establish a stable experimental model of vascularized composite allograft (VCA),which would facilitate us to study of the reaction and intervening measure regarding rejection reaction in the future.Methods From September,2016 to July,2017,30 healthy male New Zealand rabbits,weighted 2.5-3.0 kg each,were chosen.Their ears should be intact without defect or necrosis.All of them were randomly and eaqually divided into 2 groups:transverse amputated group and V-shaped amputated group.In situ ear replantation after the amputation was performed.Histology analysis of skin and cartilage were done through HE and TUNEL staining,in order to compare vital rate of these ears.Results Thirty rabbits underwent ear replantation,including 13 via transverse incision and 17 via V-shaped incision.In transverse group,no ear survived,and some of them encountered vein crisis gradually after operation.The survival time ranged from 1 day to 10 days.There were 2 ears survived in V-shaped group.From HE staining,it was found certain vacuolar degenerated cells within skin and cartilage in failure ears.The rates of cell necrosis and apoptosis were higher than the survived ears.Conclusion Rabbit ear replantation model is viable.However,the rabbit ear replantation model is not suitable to be used in large samples.

BACKGROUND:The repair process of myocardial injury involves complex cellular and molecular mechanisms,especially mitochondrial calcium homeostasis,macrophage autophagy and pyroptosis pathways.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown significant clinical efficacy in improving myocardial injury,but its mechanism of action needs to be thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis-mediated macrophage autophagy and pyroptosis pathways in myocardial injury,and to summarize the progress of TCM in this field. METHODS:A computerized search was performed for relevant literature from the database inception to March 2024 in the Web of Science,PubMed and CNKI.The search terms were"mitochondrial calcium homeostasis,macrophage autophagy,macrophage pyroptosis,traditional Chinese medicine,myocardial injury,myocardial injury reperfusion"in Chinese and English.Through literature review,we analyzed the relationship between mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and macrophage autophagy and pyroptosis,explored the mechanism of their roles in myocardial injury,and summarized the pathways of multi-targeted,multi-pathway effects of TCM. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The maintenance of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis has been found to be closely related to the normal function of cardiomyocytes.Macrophages can participate in the repair process of myocardial injury through autophagy and pyroptosis pathways.Autophagy contributes to cell clearance and regulation of inflammatory response,while pyroptosis affects myocardial repair by releasing inflammatory factors.TCM regulates mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and macrophage function through multiple mechanisms.For example,astragalosid regulates calcium homeostasis by lowering mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting cytochrome C,and epimedium glycoside plays a role in reducing β-amyloid deposition.In addition,herbal compounds and single drugs promote myocardial repair by activating or inhibiting specific signaling pathways,such as PI3K/AKT and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways.Future studies should focus on the interactions between mitochondrial calcium homeostasis,autophagy and pyroptosis pathways,as well as how TCM can exert therapeutic effects through these pathways to provide new strategies and drugs for the treatment of myocardial injury.

Food wastes are rich in nutrients and can be used for producing useful chemicals through biotransformation. Some oleaginous microorganisms can use food wastes to produce lipids and high value-added metabolites such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, squalene, and carotenoids. This not only reduces the production cost, but also improves the economic value of the products, thus has large potential for commercial production. This review summarized the advances in food waste treatment, with a focus on the lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms using food wastes. Moreover, challenges and future directions were prospected with the aim to provide a useful reference for related researchers.
Biofuels ; Biotransformation ; Food ; Lipids ; Refuse Disposal