The changes of lysosomes of the hepatocytes in 27 healthy female rats aged 1, 5, 15, 30, 50, and 90 days respectively were observed on morphometry and by studying the ultrastructures with electron microscope. The results are as following:1. The volume density and numerical density of the lysosomes of rat hepatocytes are markedly increased as the age increases.2. The lysosomes originally scattered in cytoplasm gradually migrate to the periphery of bile canaliculi.3. The proportion among certain forms of secondary lysosome changes as the rats grow older and the alteration of autophagic vacuoles is more prominant than others.The significance of the lysosome changes mentioned above was discussed. The author, considering from all the results, suggests that the time around five days after the birth of the rats is a critical period for the development of the lysosomes of rat hepatocytes.

Abstract?AlM:To analyze the blindness causes of 1854 cases in our hospital hospitalized patients, and explore the strategy and direction of blindness prevention according to the different treatment efficacy.?METHODS: Cluster sampling was used to select from September 2010 to August 2013 in our hospital department of ophthalmology patients 5 473 cases, in which total of 1 854 cases of blind patients, accounting for 33. 88% of hospitalized patients. According to the WHO's criteria of blindness. The BCVA enacted <0. 05 or vision radius less than 10 degrees are for the blind, and the exclusion of less than 3 years old children don't cope with visual inspection of the inclusion criteria for age and cause of blindness blind patients were analyzed. To the blind to patient age and etiology were analyzed, the main cause of blindness and statistics of all ages, records of the blind patients after treatment eye sight;and calculating the blindness of the literacy rate, on the blindness through analysis of the causes of the risk treatment.?RESULTS:ln 1 854 cases of blind patients, including 728 people right-eye blinding, 767 people left-eyes blinding, 359 people total blinding, adding up to 2 213 eyes, aged from 60~80 years old were in the majority. The top three diseases resulting blindness were cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. ln 2 213 blind eyes, the eyes treated were 2 172, of which 1 762 eyes ( 81. 12%) were succeeded, 410 eyes ( 18. 88%) failed. ln the failed cases, the first three diseases were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinal detachment.?CONCLUSlON: ln recent years, disease etiology of blinding eye has changed, but cataracts, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are still high incidence of blindness due, so the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinal detachment should be the emphasis for blindness prevention and treatment in the future.

Objective To investigate the interactions between melanoma-derived exosomes and the microenvironment.Methods The exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of mouse melanoma cells and then co-cuhured with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) after identification.Immunofluorescence assay was performed to observe the exosomes engulfed by MSC.CCK-8 and transwell assays were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration of MSC.Effects of the exosomes on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in MSC were analyzed by Western blot.Results Co-culture of MSC with melanoma cell-derived exosomes enhanced the proliferation and migration of MSC as well as the expression of α-SMA.All of the changes mediated by the exosomes could be blocked by using the inhibitor of TGF-β receptor.Conclusion Melanoma cell-derived exosomes enhanced the proliferation and migration of MSC as well as the expression of α-SMA through TGF-β signaling pathway,which provided an advantageous microenvironment for melanoma progression.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for either cleavage or translational repression.Accumulated studies show that miRNAs aberrantly expressed in tumors are closely related with tumorogenesis and could be potential tumor biomarkers.It will be helpful in the diagnosis,prognosis and(or) predicting treatment response of tumor by imaging miRNAs expression.Several molecular imaging methods,including the optical imaging,radionuclide imaging and multimodality imaging,have been successfully used to visualize miRNAs,miRNAs,a new molecular imaging target,may explore a new field for tumor diagnosis and therapy.

Mind map is an effective and intuitive knowledge organization and presentation tool which can help computer teaching commendably. We can use Mind Map to design and organize the whole teaching process, including preparing, designing, guiding, analyzing and reviewing. This way can turns tedious logic of computer teaching into imagery thinking and helps medical students improv-ing their learning effect of computer courses.

0.5% of Azone could increase the skin penetration of indomethacin in solution system contain7ing alcohol, triethanolamine and pH7.2 phosphate buffer solution three times as fast as the solution containing no Azone, But the concentration of Azone ranging from 0.5% to 10% had almost the same effect.

Objective To construct the recombinant adeno-associated virus vector with human preproenkephalin gene (rAAV-hPPE). Methods The human preproenkephalin (hPPE) gene was cloned into the adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector plasmid pSNAV which contained neo expression box. The recombinant pSNAV-hPPE was then transfected into BHK cells using lipofectamine?2000. The G418-resistant cells, BHK / SH1, were obtained. The BHK / SH1 cells were infected with HSV1-rc /△UL2 which has the function of packaging the recombinant AAV(rAAV) . After purification, the construction of rAAV-hPPE was achieved.Results The construction of pSNAV-hPPE was confirmed by digestion with restriction enzyme. Southeon bolting was used to detect the virus liters (2.5 ? 1212 v.g /ml) .Conclusion This rAAV-hPPE virus vector with high liter and strong infectivity can be used in transgenic analgesic research.

Objective To investigate the effect of ketamine on spatial learning and memory in a rat model of acute pain produced by an incision in plantar area. Methods Seventy-two 3-month old male SD rats weighing 200-250g were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) control group (C) received no plantar incision (n = 24); (2) acute pain group (M) received an incision in the sole of the hindpaw according to the method described by Brennan (n = 24) and (3) ketamine group (K) received plantar incision and intraperitoneal ketamine 10 mg?kg-1 every day for 7 days starting from the day when plantar incision was made ( n = 24). In group C and M normal saline (NS) was given i.p. instead of ketamine. The three groups were further divided into 2 subgroups according to the time when Morris water maze (MWM) testing was started-1 week (C1, M1,K1) or 3 weeks (C3, M3, K3) after plantar incision. MWM test was performed 4 times a day for 6 consecutive days. The latent periods and swimming distances were recorded automatically by MWM monitoring system. Six days after the last MWM testing the animals were anesthetized and killed. The hippocampus was removed for microscopic examination. Results (1) MWM test: From the 1st to the 6th day of testing, the latent period and swimming distance in group K1 were significantly longer than those in group C1 and M1 (P

Objective To study the effects of profound hemodilution with 6% HES (200/0.5) on coagulation.Methods Ten male new Zealand long-ear rabbits weighing (2.43 ?0.19) kg were anesthetized with intravenous thiopentone 8 mg-1 and tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated (VT = 15 ml-1 , RR = 24 bpm) . Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous infusion of thiopentone and succinylcholine. Femoral artery and vein were cannulated for BP and CVP monitoring. Hemodilution was performed in 6 steps at 30 min intervals. Blood was withdrawn from artery and simultaneously replaced by intravenous infusion of equal volume of 6% HES until Hct was 5 % -8 % . Blood samples were taken before hemodilution and 30 min after each step of hemodilution for determination of coagulation function curve using Sonoclot coagulation and platelet function analyzer. Results When Hct was 25%-30% there was no significant difference in coagulation function before and after hemodilution. When Hct was 15%-20% there was significant difference in ACT, TTP, clot rate and MCS before and after hemodilution but the normal coagulation process was not affected. When Hct