Objective To evaluate the preliminary clinical outcome of the screw fixation of minimally displaced scaphoid fracture assisted by computerized imaging reconstruction and preoperative planning system.Methods From March 2013 to Feburary 2014,Five screws on five patients were treated.We calculated and designed the position of scaphoid screw guide wire and ensured the guide wire centrally placed in the scaphoid by using the computerized imaging reconstruction and preoperative planning system software.The appropriate length of the screw was measured too in the software.We also identified the entry and exit points of the guide wire on the custom orthoses splinting the wrist joint.Five patients with scaphoid fractures were treated with percutaneous screw fixation under the guidance of a C-arm fluoroscopy and a guide wire were inserted based on the entry and exit points calculated preoperatively.All of the scaphoid fracture was nondisplaced or less than 1 mm.The modified MAYO wrist scoring system was used to evaluate the pain,function and range of motion for the wrist joint during follow up.Results Total surgical time was 28.8 min (25-39 min)and Fluoroscopy time was 18.4 s (11-23 s).The fracture healing was observed at routine 8 weeks follow up.No complication such as infection or fixation failure was reported.Modified MAYO wrist score was 83.8 (81-88)at average followup at 15 months (6-12 months).Conclusion Computer assisted percutaneous screw fixation is an effective method for the treatment of nondisplaced scaphoid fractures.It leads to significantly reduced guidewire placement time and radiological exposure time while provides accurate placement of the screw.

Objective To compare the prognosis and life quality of patients with early-stage breast cancer(stage I or II)undergoing breast-conserving surgery or modified radical mastectomy.Methods 180 cases with early-stage breast cancer were divided into 2 groups:breast-conserving surgery group(BCS)and modified radical mastcctomy group(MRM),with 90 cases in each group.The 2 groups were all given radiotherapy,chemotherapy and endocrine therapy according to indications.The prognosis and life quality in the 2 groups were compared.Results The 5-year-postoperative follow-up showed there was no significant difference in duration of disease-free survival(DFS)of the 2 groups.However,life quality of BCS patients was significantly better than that of MRM patients in terms of general health,physical function,pain,vitality,social functioning,emotion and mental health.Conclusion Breast-conserving surgery is highly recommended for patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Chitosan have applied extensively in the field of medicine. We review the mechanism of chitosan hemostasis. The effect of chitosan on hemostasis is independent of all known“Cascade-like”coagulation pathways,induding platelets and soluble coagulant factors. Chitosan induce hemostasis by coalesce erythrocytes to one another to form a blood clot. In addition,the use of chitosan in hemostat is indicated in this paper.

ObjectiveTo explore an effective educational method of medical humanity to improve the medical humanistic quality for nursing students and to lay a basis for the culture of medical personnel with high-quality.MethodsTwo classes of nursing students in grade 2010 were selected randomly and divided into the control group ( CG,n=65 ) and the experimental group ( EG,n=62 ).Personnel training project of our school was applied in the control group including the teaching of compulsory basis medical humanity courses:medical psychology,interpersonal communication,medical ethics and laws from the first semester to the third semester after entering the school.The pervasive teaching method was used in the EG.The basic content of humanistic quality,education was integrated systematically into the teaching of every course,class and extra-curricular activity in a planned way.The check on the topic of etiquette,verbal expression and communication and psychological quality ( the full mark of each topic was 10 points ) was conducted in the third semester in the two groups.The average points of the three topics were graded as the students' final mark of this course.T-test analysis on students' mark of each subject was used.Results The result of t-test showed that the marks of etiquette and psychological quality in EG were obviously higher than those in CG ( P＜0.05 ),however,no statistic difference in speech communication and expression was observed.ConclusionThe pervasive teaching method is beneficial to students concerning the accepting,understanding,digesting and absorbing of medical humanity knowledge can it can effectively enhance the humanistic quality of medical students.

As a low-and middle-income country, Cuba has successfully implementedUniversal Health Coverage ( UHC) in the true sense, of which the major health indicators and human development index are relatively high. Moreover, many aspects of Cuba's healthcare system are worth learning from, especially constructing family doctor system, integrating medicine policy into national economic and social development strategies, focusing on drug re-search and development, standardizing high-quality medical education, etc.

Objective To study some sensitive electrophysiological parameters in surveillance of allograft rejection.Methods Forty rats underwent heterotopic heart transplantations.IMEG was re- corded by an epicardiac unipolar pacing lead fixed at the right ventricular outflow tract.QRS amplitude and heart rate were determed daily in 10 syngeneic and 30 allogeneic transplants.Syngeneic transplants were killed at 7 th postoperative day,and allogeneic transplants killed at 3 rd,5 th and 7 th postopera- tive day.Histopathologie studies were performed at every transplanted heart.Results In syngeneic group,QRS amplitude kept constant after the transplantation while no significant differences were ob- served at the 3 rd,5 th and 7 th postoperative day.QRS amplitude was dropped obviously in allogeneic group after the first two postoperative days whereas significant differences were observed at the rejec- ting and non-rejecting hearts.Conclusions IMEG is a valid method to monitor acute allograft rejec- tion.QRS amplitude is a more sensitive electrophysiological parameter to diagnose severe rejections than heart rate,while mild rejections were not detected by this method.

The effects of chitosan and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan on blood hemostasis are tested.The dynamic blood coagulation experiments show chitsan with low deacetylation degree has higher absorption ability.The experiments can't find that any altered red blood cell morphology or an unusual affinity between erythrocytes appears evidently in the ACD blood treated with chitosan.The concentration of the platelets on the chitosan surface may be one of causes that platelets produce blood coagulation.Chitosan is substituted by the carboxymethyl and has water solubility.But N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan can lead torouleau and not toaltering the morphology of the erythrocyte.The blood hemostasis effect is not obvious.The values of TT,PT,APTT and FIB are measured from blood and the results fail toprove that chitosan and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan can activate the coagulation factors.

In this study, we constructed a yeast consortium surface-display expression system by using Flo1 as an anchor protein. Endoglucanase II (EGII) and cellobiohydrolase II (CBHII) from Trichoderma reesei, and β3-glucosidase 1 (BGLI) from Aspergillus aculeatus were immobilized on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5. We constructed the cellulose-displaying expression yeast consortium (Y5/fEGII:Y5/fCBHII:Y5/fBGLI = 1:1:1) and investigated the enzymatic ability and ethanol fermentation. The displayed cellulolytic enzymes was stabile during the 96-h fermentation. The yeast consortium produced 0.77 g/L ethanol from 10 g/L phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) within 96 h. The yield (in grams of ethanol produced per gram of carbohydrate consumed) was 0.35 g/g, which correspond to 68.6% of the theoretical yield.
Aspergillus ; enzymology ; Cellulase ; genetics ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase ; genetics ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; genetics ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glucosidases ; genetics ; Mannose-Binding Lectins ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; metabolism ; Trichoderma ; enzymology

Objective To investigate the effect of iuvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA) serum (leukotriene B4,LTB4) LTB4-BLT2 on mice DCs.Methods Bone marrow(BM)-derived DCs from healthy mouse were purified.and induced by cytokine IL-4 and GM-CSF to immature DCs and then differentiated to mature DCs under the stimulation of LPS in vitro.DCs were evaluated by light microscope and flow cvtometry.The concentrations of LTB4 in DCs supernatant,normal serum,active JRA,and that of the co-cuItured with BLT2 antagonist LY255283 were detected by ELISA.The expression of BLT2 protein and mRNA in DCs was examined by immunocytochemistry,immunofluorescence and RT-PCR.Meanwhile,the expression of BLT2 in DCs after 18 h co-cultured with normal serum,in serum of active JRA and that of BLT2 antagonist (LY255283)group was assayed by flow cytometry respectively.Results LTB4-BLT2 was expressed by DCs.Not only BLT2 mRNA but also its protein was expressed in DCs.The concentration of LTB4 Was(17±3)pg/ml,(82±20)pg/ml,(82±20)pg/ml and(24±6)pg/ml,(115±20)pg/ml,(91±11)pg/ml in normal serum group,active JRA group and LY255283 group before and after 1 8 h,respectively.The expression Was higher in serum of active JRA group than that of normal sertlm group(P<0.01)and there was a tendency to be higher when compared with LY255283 group(P<0.05).The DC BLT2 expression was 27.7±2.9,46.3±8.7 and 30.3±5.5 in normal serum group,serum of active JRA group and LY255283 grbup after 1 8h respectively.The expression was stronger in active JRA group than other groups(P<0.05).Conclusion DC can develop a LTB4-BLT2 signal pathway by BLT2 with autocrine and/or extrinsic LTB4.The overexpression of this pathway may be involved in the initiating and activation of JRA.

Objective Study and determine the suitable negative pressure condition for a negative pressure isolator. Method The filter efficiency, pressure, capabilities of inner environment and physiological parameters of the user were tested in different negative pressure conditions. Results The different negative pressure conditions influence above mentioned capabilities of the isolator considerably except for the filter efficiency Conclusion Under the conditions of -30Pa～-50Pa,those are optimized the capabilities of inner environment and physiological parameters of the user.