Objective To explore the correlation between 18F-FLT SUVmax and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in NSCLC patients.Methods From January 2008 to December 2010,68 patients (48males and 20 females; age ranging from 36 to 84 years) with NSCLC underwent 18F-FLT PET/CT followed by surgery within two weeks.Tumor proliferation was evaluated in terms of Ki67 labeling index (LI) with SP.MVD was determined using anti-CD31 mAb (CD31-MVD),anti-CD34 mAb (CD34-MVD) and anti-CD105 mAb (CD105-MVD) for each resected tumor.Linear correlation analysis was used to analyze data.Results The mean values of CD31-MVD,CD34-MVD and CD105-MVD were 159.6,166.1,and 38.0 per view field,respectively.Tumor SUVmax was 4.1±2.9,and Ki67 LI was (37.0± 14.5) ％,both of which had significantly correlations with CD105-MVD (r=0.550,0.633 ; both P＜0.05),but there was no significant relationship between SUVmax and CD31-MVD,CD34-MVD (r=0.228,0.235; both P＞0.05).Conclusion 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging has a positive relationship with CD105-MVD of NSCLC,and it could reflect the ability of tumor angiogenesis.

Objective The hsa-miR-106b-25 gene cluster is involved in various biological processes of carcinoma .This study aims at a prediction and function analysis of the hsa-miR-106b-25 gene cluster, miR-106b, miR-93, and miR-25, so as to provide some evidence for further studies on the functions of the three miRNAs and the mechanisms of their interaction . Methods We obtained the sequences of miR-106b, miR-93, and miR-25 from the miRBase, predicted their target genes with TargetScan , PicTar, and miRanda, and used 3 or more experimentally verified target genes from the miRTarbase as the gene set for further bioinformatic analysis .We predic-ted the biological processes of the target genes by GeneOntology analysis and enriched KEGG ( Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) by pathway analysis, produced protein-protein interaction ( PPI) networks with STRING . Results The target genes of the miR-106b-25 gene cluster were significantly enriched in such biological processes as the regulation of macromolecule metabolism , regulation of metabolic process , and cell cycle process , while the KEGG pathway mainly in glioma, melanoma, prostate cancer , and gallbladder carcino-ma.The proteins encoded by the targeted genes of showed complicated interactions , and those encoded by the KAT2B, PTEN, TP53, CDH1, MDM2, E2F1, RB1, and SMAD7 plaid a core role in the interac-tion network. Conc lusoi n MiRNAs of the miR-106b-25 gene cluster regulate the downstream target proteins involved in tumorigenesis by participating in the cell cycle and cancer signaling pathway .

Objective To investigate whether the bilateral nipple discharge with the background of hypothyroidism and pituitary tumor causes intraductal neoplasm. Methods Clinical data of 222 bilateral nipple discharge patients with hypothyroidism or pituitary tumor undergoing mammary ductoseopy (MDS) examination were analyzed. Those diagnosed as intraductal papilloma received surgery and pathological exam. 158 cases with inflammatory comedomastitis diagnosed by MDS received milk duct washing with gentamycin, dexamethasone and corresponding medical treatment. Results Among the 222 cases, 158 cases(71.17%) were diagnosed as inflammatory comedomastitis by MDS, 64 cases (28.83%) were diagnosed as intraduetal papilloma (64/222) by MDS and received operation,59 cases were pathologically diagnosed as intraductal papilloma,the other 5 cases were pathologically diagnosed as mammary duct ectasia. The pathological coincidence was 92.2% and no breast cancer was observed. 68.10% of inflammatory comedomastitis cases suffered from breast pain. There were no significant difference in the disease distribution of the ethnic groups. During pre-menopause period, the incidence of period neoplasia is higher in pituitary tumor than hypothyroidism; However, during the post-menopause the situation was vice versa. The color of niplle discharge is mostly milk-like in patients with pituitary tumor, while serous in patients with hypothyroidism. 71.19% of duct papilloma locate at the branch of the main duct. Conclusion The bilateral nipple discharge with hypothyroidism or pituitary are usually concomitant with intraduetal lesions. Mammary ductosopy is helpful to discover intraduetal neoplasia.

Objective To study the clinical value of transcervical resection under hysteroscope in treatment of placental remnants.Methods From March 2003 to April 2006,14 cases of placental remnants were treated with transcervical resection under hysteroscope.They included 3 cases of term birth,and 11 cases of midtrimester induction of labor.Drug pretreatment was performed for those who had more than 80 U/L of blood beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (?-hCG) level,including mifepristone (RU486), Chinese herbs and methotrexate(MTX).RU486 was taken orally at 25 mg,three times daily and misoprostol was given 600 ?g at one dose on the third day.MTX was given by deep intramuscular injection at 1 mg/m~2 if ?-hCG was higher than 150 U/L.Bipolar evaporation was used in the operation with alternation of resection and forceps holder under ultrasonographic supervision.After operation a circular contraceptive device was placed followed by hormone periodic treatment such as estradiol valerate for 2-4 months.Results Under the monitoring by ultrasonography,14 operations were all performed smoothly.The follow-up was from 6 months to 2 years.Menstruations in almost all the cases were recovered,and 3 cases of those were pregnant and delivered smoothly 4,6 and 7 months after operation.Conclusion The transcervical resection under hysteroscope is useful in treatment of placental remnants with obvious effects,little trauma and few complications.

BACKGROUND:Rat models of complete spinal cord transection are common models for neural tissue engineering. After transecting the spinal cord by the previous methods, gap length of broken end cannot keep relatively uniform, so we cannot objectively evaluate effects of various treatments or tissue engineering materials. OBJECTIVE:The spinal cord transection models were established by using double edged micro scissors, andthe feasibility of this new model was explored by comparing with the conventional method. METHODS: A total of 42 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into group A (n=6), group B (n=18) and group C (n=18). Group A only received laminectomy. In the group B, the spinal cord was transected with a sharp-pointed knife. Knife point should touch anterior wal of spinal canal and sidewal bone surface. Complete spinal cord transection models were prepared by repeated cutting. In group C, complete spinal cord transection models were established by using self-made double edged micro scissors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At 1 week after model establishment, in the groups B and C, complete paralysis of the hind limbs was found, and BBB scores were similar. However, significant differences in the spacing of broken end were detected. (2) At 4 weeks after model establishment, hind limb functions could restore to different degrees in both groups, but no significant difference in BBB scores was found. (3) At 8 weeks after model establishment, significant differences in hindlimb motor function scores were detectable between both groups. Biotin glucosamine tracer display: In group B, a few labeled axon fibers were observed at the caudal side of the injured spinal cord. In group C, spinal cord was completely transected, and labeled axon fibers cannot be found at the caudal side. (4) Results suggested that the modeling method of self-made double edged micro scissors could effectively eliminate individual differences, contribute to quantitative analysis and comparative study of therapeutic effects.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation between standardized uptake valus (SUV) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) of tumor at PET/CT examination and the expression of glucose transporter-1 (Glutl) and Ki-67 in esophageal cancer.

METHODS56 patients with esophageal cancer were evaluated with 18 F-FDG PET/CT examination before operation. The expression of Glut1 and Ki-67 antigen in the tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry after operation.

RESULTS(1) Positive rate of Glutl and Ki-67 expression in esophageal cancer tissues was 100% , respectively. There was a positive correlation between the expression of Glutl and Ki-67 and the clinical stages and differentiation of the tumor. The more the tumor and the clinical stages were advanced and the lower was the tumor differentiation, the more Glutl and Ki-67 were expressed. (2) There were abnormal radioactive high uptake regions on PET/CT imaging of esophagus in the 56 patients, which were confirmed by pathology as the primary carcinoma. The SUV was higher than 2. 5. There was a gradually increasing tendency in SUV along with the lowering of the tumor differentiation and the advance of clinical stages. (3)There was a correlation between the expression of Glutl, Ki-67 and the SUV, the more Glutl and Ki-67 were expressed, the higher the SUV of tumor 18F-FDG at PET/CT examination was in esophageal tumor tissues.

CONCLUSIONThere is a widespread expression of Glutl in esophageal cancer tissues, and the SUV may be used to indirectly evaluate the proliferative capacity of esophageal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Tissue Distribution ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

BACKGROUNDMicrofracture is a type of bone marrow stimulation in arthroscopic cartilage repair. However, the overall concentration of the mesenchymal stem cells is quite low and declines with age, and in the end the lesion is filled by fibrocartilage. The aim of this research was to investigate a novel method of enhancing microfracture by determining whether low-energy shock waves in microfracture holes would facilitate cartilage repair in a rabbit model.

METHODSFull-thickness cartilage defects were created at the medial femoral condyle of 36 mature New Zealand white rabbits without penetrating subchondral bone. The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. In experimental group A, low-energy shock-wave therapy was performed in microfracture holes (diameter, 1 mm) at an energy flux density (EFD) of 0.095 mJ/mm² and 200 impulses by DolorClast Master (Electro Medical Systems SA, Switzerland) microprobe (diameter, 0.8 mm). In experimental group B, microfracture was performed alone. The untreated rabbits served as a control group. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the operations, repair tissues at the defects were analyzed stereologically, histologically, and immunohistochemically.

RESULTSThe defects were filled gradually with repair tissues in experimental groups A and B, and no repair tissues had formed in the control group at 12 weeks. Repair tissues in experimental group A contained more chondrocytes, proteoglycans, and collagen type II than those in experimental group B. In experimental group B, fibrous tissues had formed at the defects at 8 and 12 weeks. Histological analysis of experimental group A showed a better Wakitani score (P < 0.05) than in experimental group B at 8 and 12 weeks after the operation.

CONCLUSIONSIn the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rabbits, low-energy shock waves in microfracture holes facilitated the production of hyaline-like cartilage repair tissues more than microfracture alone. This model demonstrates a new method of improving microfracture and applying shock waves in vivo. However, longer-term outcomes require further study.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; injuries ; radiation effects ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits ; Radiation, Nonionizing ; Random Allocation ; Wound Healing ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.

METHODSSalt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.

RESULTSAfter 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7 +/- 12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8 +/- 5.2 mmHg, P < 0.01; 12.2% +/- 12.0% vs. 2.5% +/- 4.4%, P < 0.001, respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 +/- 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 +/- 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% +/- 10.6% vs. 6.8% +/- 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSSalt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.

Adolescent ; Aging ; physiology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Blood Volume ; Female ; Furosemide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Sodium Chloride ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Systole

To investigate the dynamic change of lipid peroxidation-related protein expression and the intervention effects of Yiguanjian (YGJ) Decoction on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rat. Fifty-seven male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a liver fibrosis group (n = 39) and a normal group (n = 18). The liver fibrosis was treated with peritoneal injection of 50% CCl4 for nine weeks. At the end of weeks 3 and 6 of CCl4 treatment, six rats were sacrificed to assess the status of liver fibrosis. At the end of week 7, the remaining -fibrotic rats were randomly divided into an untreated model group (M, n=15) and a YGJ-treated group (n = 12). The YGJ group was administered daily, oral YGJ Decoction for three weeks, concomitant with continued CCl4 treatment. The M group and normal group received the same treatment oral regimen and volume of distilled water. At the end of week 8, four rats in group M were sacrificed to observed the fibrosis status. At the end of week 9, the fibrotic rats were sacrificed for sampling. Liver function, histological changes, contents of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of super oxidase dismutase (SOD) and L-glutathione (GSH), protein expression of heat shock protein (HSP)70, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, transferrin, peroxiredoxin (Prxd) 6 and liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) were detected. Compared with normal group-, the MDA content was increased significantly in M group at week 6 (M: 4.23+/-0.45 nmol/mg vs. normal: 2.22+/-0.59 nmol/mg, F = 60.13, P less than 0.01) and week 9 (M: 6.29+/-1.23 nmol/mg vs. normal: 2.22+/-0.59 nmol/mg, F = 66.99, P less than 0.01), but the SOD activity was decreased significantly at the same time points [week 6: (M: 196.94+/-39.20 U/mg vs. normal: 264.50+/-30.44 U/mg, F = 11.12, P less than 0.01]); [week 9: (M: 152.2+/-51.65 U/mg vs. normal: 264.50+/-30.44 U/mg, F = 23.11, P less than 0.01)], as were the GSH content [week 6: (M: 48.47+/-7.27 nmol/mg vs. 60.74+/-9.04 nmol/mg, F = 6.71, P less than 0.05]]; [week 9: (M: 37.89+/-9.01 nmol/mg vs. 60.74+/-9.04 nmol/mg, F = 24.06, P less than 0.01]]. Compared with group M at week 9, the YGH-treated model group had markedly decreased MDA (YGJ: 4.25+/-0.86 nmol/mg vs. M: 6.29+/-1.23 nmol/mg, F = 19.52, P less than 0.01], but significantly increased SOD (YGJ: 198.35+/-46.48 U/mg vs. 152.21+/-51.65 U/mg, F = 4.65, P less than 0.05] and GSH (YGJ: 53.73+/-7.54 nmol/mg vs. M: 37.89+/-9.01 nmol/mg, F = 19.23, P less than 0.01). Compared to normal rats at week 9, group M had significantly higher protein levels of HSP70 (normal: 1.21+/-0.06 vs. M: 0.58+/-0.07, F = 166.87, P less than 0.01) and HO-1 (normal: 1.11+/-0.06 vs. M: 0.58+/-0.06, F = 123.96, P less than 0.01), but significantly decreased levels of Prxd6 (normal: 0.04+/-0.05 vs. M: 1.49+/-0.05, F = 1215.85, P less than 0.01), transferrin (normal: 0.67+/-0.03 vs. M: 1.67+/-0.04, F = 301.35, P less than 0.01), and L-FABP (normal: 0.24+/-0.02 vs. M: 1.44+/-0.14, F = 219.05, P less than 0.01). Compared to group M at week 9, the YGJ treatment group showed significantly reduced HSP70 (YGJ: 0.82+/-0.04 vs. M: 1.21+/-0.06, F = 92.31, P less than 0.01) and HO-1 (YGJ: 0.90+/-0.04 vs. 1.11+/-0.06, F = 26.89, P less than 0.01), but significantly increased Prxd6 (YGJ: 0.88+/-0.11 vs. 0.04+/-0.05, F = 150.17, P less than 0.01), transferrin (YGJ: 1.36+/-0.13 vs. 0.24+/-0.02, F = 237.19, P less than 0.01), and L-FABP (YGJ: 1.04+/-0.12 vs. 0.67+/-0.03, F = 27.53, P less than 0.01). YGJ treatment of fibrotic liver rats reduces lipid peroxidation damage by preventing generation of oxidizing substances.
Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

BACKGROUNDPoly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in cell survival and death. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of inhibition of PARP on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at different time points in rats.

METHODSAMI was induced in rats by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. One group received 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB, a kind of PARP inhibitor) (30 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. The changes of ultramicrostructure of cardiocytes in infarction region were noted, PARP cleavage was measured by Western blotting, and expressions of protein of PARP and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) were measured by immunohistochemical staining after treatment with 3-AB for 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks.

RESULTSFew damages to the ultramicrostructure of cardiocytes were observed after treatment with 3-AB. PARP cleavage was detected as early as 4 hours and markedly increased by 6 hours following AMI without 3-AB, but was not found until 6 hours following AMI treated with 3-AB. There were significant differences between 3-AB and AMI groups at the same time points. The expression of PARP was observed gradually increased, but that of AIF was suppressed for 6 hours after treatment of 3-AB, compared with AMI groups in positive cells at the same time points. There was significantly less cleavage of PARP and more PARP expression in 3-AB treated group compared with AMI and control groups at all matched time points.

CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that 3-AB inhibits degradation of PARP, increases the expression of PARP protein, and suppresses the expression of AIF protein. Inhibition of PARP activity may protect cardiocytes in rats with AMI and reduce apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; metabolism ; Benzamides ; pharmacokinetics ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar