Objective To compare the difference between linear blending and non-linear blending function for dual-energy CT, and to evaluate the effect on CT image quality. Methods The model was made of a piece of fresh pork liver inserted with 5 syringes containing various concentrations of iodine solutions ( 16.3,26.4,48.7,74.6 and 112.3 HU). Linear blending images were automatically reformatted after the model was scanned in the dual-energy mode. Non-linear blending images were reformatted using the software of optimal contrast in Syngo workstation. Images were divided into 3 groups, including linear blending group, non-linear blending group and 120 kV group. Contrast noise ratio (CNR) were measured and calculated respectively in the 3 groups and the different figure of merit (FOM) values between the groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. Twenty patients scanned in the dual-energy mode were randomly selected and the SNR of their liver, renal cortex, spleen, pancreas and abdominal aorta were measured. The independent sample t test was used to compare the difference of signal to noise ratio (SNR) between linear blending group and non linear blending group. Two readers' agreement score and single-blind method were used to investigate the conspicuity difference between linear blending group and non linear blending group.Results With models of different CT values, the FOM values in non-linear blending group were 20. 65 ±8.18,11.40±4.25, 1.60±0.82,2.40±1.13, 45.49±17. 86. In 74. 6 HU and 112. 3 HU models, the differences of the FOM values observed among the three groups were statistically significant ( P＜0.05),which were 0.30±0. 06 and 14. 43 ±4. 59 for linear blending group, and 0. 22 ±0. 05 and 15.31±5.16 for 120 kV group. And non-linear blending group had a better FOM value. The SNR of renal cortex and abdominal aorta were 19.2±5.1 and 36. 5 ± 13.9 for non-linear blending group, while they were 12.4 ±3.8 and 22.6±7.0 for linear blending group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups. The conspicuity scores of different organs in non linear blending group were far higher than those in the linear bending group. The Kappa value was 0. 64, showing good consistency. Conclusion Compared to the linear blending method, the non-linear blending method was a better option, especially in improving SNR and conspicuity.

Objective To explore the curative effects,prognostic factors,and adverse reactions of different treatment modalities of chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods151 NSCLC patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups to undergo concurrent chemoradiotherapy ( n = 43 ) ,sequential chemo-radiotherapy ( n = 49 ) ,or pure chemotherapy (n = 59).The clinical data were analyzed.ResultsThe short-term effective rates of the concurrent and sequential chemo-radiotherapy groups were 81.4% and 73.5% respectively with no significantly difference between them,but both significantly higher than that of the pure chemotherapy group ( 39.0% ,both P ＜ 0.05 ).The mortality of the concurrent cherno-radiation group was 53.5% ,significantly lower than those of the sequential chemo-radiotherapy and pure chemotherapy groups (67.3% and 67.8% respectively,both P ＜0.05).The median survival time of the concurrent chemo-radiotherapy group was 26 months,significantly longer than those of the sequential chemo-radiotherapy and pure chemotherapy groups ( 12 and 11 months respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).The l-year survival rates of the 3 groups were 80.2% ,47.1%,and 45.6%.The 2-year survival rates were 58.2% ,38.5% ,and 24.4% ,and the 3-year survival rates were 32.7% ,27.5% ,and 0,respectively.The white blood cell decrease rates of the grades Ⅲ～Ⅳ of the concurrent chemo-radiotherapy group were significantly higher than those of the other 2 groups (both P ＜0.05 ).There were no significant differences in the rates of radiation esophagitis and radiation pneumonitis between the concurrent and sequential chemo-radiotherapy groups.Age,performance status score,clinical staging,and treatment modality were the 4 influencing factors in the prognosis of NSCLC ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Relatively safe with tolerable adverse reactions,concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is superior to sequential chemo-radiotherapy,particularly to pure chemotherapy,in increase of median survival time and survival rate in treatment of NSCLC.Age,PS,clinical staging and therapy method are independent indicators influencing the prognosis.

SELDI-TOF-MS is a novel proteomic technique.It reveals some new biomarkers which could be used for early diagnosis,preoperative staging and predicting response to radiochemotherapy of colorectal cancer.These new biomarkers were validated to be more sensitive and specific than traditional hiomarkers.SELDI-TOF-MS will be a useful tool for early diagnosis and tailor-made therapy of eolorectal cancer.

Depression is a worldwide neuropsychiatric disorder. Currently most preclinical and clinical studies of depression focus on monoaminergic system. However, there is growing evidence which suggests that glutamatergic system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of depression. This review focuses on the de-velopment of new antidepressants that target glutamatergic sys-tem, summarizes the current mechanisms of antidepressants, and also highlights new insights to the pathophysiology of depression.

Chinese patent medicines have unique advantages in treatment of diabetes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the classification, analysis and evaluation of the post-marketed Chinese patent medicines for diabetes and proposes that pure TCM preparations and Chinese/western compound preparations should be considered differently in regards to their clinical uses. TCM symptom-complex differentiation is the common guideline for rational use of both pure TCM preparations Chinese/western compound preparations. Moreover, the Chinese/western compound preparations should be used in accordance to the indications of the western medicine contained and strictly under the physician's instruction. Education and training of rational medication usage, basic and clinical study on post-marketed medicines are important measures to control and reduce medication risk.

Hemorrhagic shock and lethal massive hemorrhage are leading causes of death in both combat and civilian trauma casualties, accounting for more than 80% of deaths in operating rooms and 70% of deaths within 24 hours after trauma. Management of such patients is the main challenge and core competence in establishment of a trauma center. Damage-control resuscitation measures in pre-hospital settings include following ABCs rules, implementing appropriate transfusion and infusion strategies based on pre-hospital transport time, maintaining blood pressure based on a specific injury, and using tranexamic acid. The core of damage-controlled resuscitation in in-hospital settings is early correction of traumatic coagulopathy by massive transfusion. Damage-control surgery in pre-hospital settings consists mainly in cervical spine protection, pelvic band fixation, thoracic drainage, direct compression hemostasis, etc. Resuscitation aortic balloon occlusion for non-compression lethal hemorrhage is the most promising life-saving means. Damage-control surgery in in-hospital settings includes damage control laparotomy, thoracotomy, orthopedic surgery and craniotomy. Only a combination of damage-control surgery and damage-controlled resuscitation in prime time can ultimately save patients with such severe trauma.

Objective To investigate the significance of hypo-perfusion signs of abdominal vessels on enhanced spiral CT in evaluation of hypovolemic shock in severe traumatic patients.Methods Clinical and spiral CT image data of 63 patients with severe trauma treated between January 2008 and December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively.According to the occurrence of shock at 24 hours after spiral CT scan,the patients were divided into shock group (34 cases) and stable group (29 cases).Blood pressure,heart rate,ISS,blood pH value,blood lactate (Lac),and buffer excess (BE) and other indices on admission were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Diameter of abdominal great vessels including aorta,inferior vena cava,superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein were measured on enhanced spiral CT images as well as their CT values in both early and delayed phase of enhancement.Results The shock group showed significantly higher ISS and blood Lac level,but significantly lower BE as compared with the stable group (P ＜ 0.05).Inferior vena cava in the shock group presented signs of deformity and collapse.Minimal diameters of the four abdominal levels were all shorter in the shock group than in the stable group (P ＜0.01).In the early enhancement on spiral CT,the CT value of superior mesenteric artery was lower in the shock group than in stable group [(133.2 ± 32.4) HU vs (186.3 ± 23.3) HU,(P ＜ 0.05)],while the CT value of inferior vena cava above the upper edge of the liver was significantly higher in shock group than in stable group [(133.4 ± 20.3) HU vs (112.0 ± 21.9) HU,(P ＜ 0.01)].In the delayed enhancement on spiral CT,the CT value of each vessel presented no statistical differences between the two groups.Conclusion Some hypo-perfusion signs of abdominal vessels on enhanced CT have some reference value on the early diagnosis of hypovolemic shock in severe traumatic patients.

BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotent stem cells are obtained from somatic cells by reprogramming method. The safety of induced pluripotent stem cells has attracted much attention because of their huge and potential value in clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To review the current studies addressing the safety and clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells. METHODS: The PubMed database between 2006 and 2012 was retrieved by the first author to search the correlative documents concerning the safety and clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells. Total y 203 papers were primarily gotten. Final y, 47 papers were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the main methods to enhance the safety of induced pluripotent stem cells include avoiding usage of c-Myc gene, another mediate way replacing the retrovirus, direct leading of reprogramming factor protein, safer donor cells, micromolecule compound and other in-transgenosis ways. Induced pluripotent stem cells have extensive clinic treatment prospects, and can be used for the build of disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells line.

With the widely use of tourniquet in battlefield, the mortality of limbs bleeding has decreased remarkably. However, torso hemorrhage has become the leading cause inducing battlefield mortality. In present paper, the concept and features of torso hemorrhage were introduced, and the scheme, equipment and techniques of emergency control of torso hemorrhage were also described systematically, including local hemostatic materials, cavity foam materials, hemostasis device and aortic compression technique, etc. At the present stage, it is the key of reducing tactics mortality to actively research and develop the tactical stage equipment and technology for emergency treatment of tactical torso injuries. We should draw lessons from foreign army and positively face the severe challenges on torso trauma to enhance our ability in tactical trauma care.

The paper elaborates the utilization status of the graphic reports system in hospitals, proposes that ASP .NET technology should be applied to realize the web-based hospital integrated query system for graphic reports, analyzes the advantages of applying ASP .NET technology and introduces the concrete realization of the integrated query system.This system solves the problem that graphic reports are unable to be queried simultaneously, resulting from differences between various internal reporting systems in hospitals.