Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Colonoscopy ; methods ; Diarrhea ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Adolescent ; Anal Canal ; physiopathology ; Child ; Constipation ; physiopathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Rectum ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the expressions of NBS1 mRNA and protein in the salivary gland of irradiated rats and explore the role of NBS1 in the repair of radiation injury of salivary gland epithelial cells.Methods Eighty rats were randomly divided into two groups for radiation and control (n =40 each).The rats were fractionally exposed to 3 Gy of 60Co γ-rays once in two days,leading to an accumulation dose of 3,6,9,12,15 Gy.The sham-irradiated controls were anesthetized in parallel but without irradiation.After 2-4 h of irradiation,the rats were sacrificed,IHC and RT-PCR were used to detect the expressions of NBS1 protein and mRNA in parotid and submandibular glands,and the ultra-structural changes in the glands were observed by a transmission electron microscopy.Results After irradiation,the salivary glands became atrophy and the parotid gland cells were damaged more serious than the submandibular gland cells.Compared with the controls,with the groups of dose,at 9,12,15 Gy in parotid gland (t =7.10,17.93,20.86,P ＜ 0.05),at 12,15 Gy in the submandibular gland (t =3.13,7.53,P ＜0.05),the expression of NBS1 mRNA was reduced.With the groups of dose at 9,12,15 Gy in paretid gland (t =4.29,17.91,91.29,P ＜ 0.05 ),the dose at 12,15 Gy in submandibular gland ( t =4.61,11.84,P＜0.05),the expression of NBS1 protein in serous cells,and the dose at 12,15 Gy in parotid gland ductal epithelial cell ( t =3.09,5.62,P ＜ 0.05) were reduced.But in the ductal epithelial cells as well as muoass cells in the submandibualr gland were steadily.Conclusions After irradiation,NBS1 at both protein and mRNA levels was dropped in the salivary gland of rats,which might contribute to the repair of radiation injury of salivary gland.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage, hemostasis, and blood coagulation, as well as the application of hemostasis measures, in the liver transplantation have been poorly understood. There have been no protocols regarding routine hemostasis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hemorrhagic features in each phase and to observe the application efficacy of recombinant activated factor Ⅶ (rFⅦ a) during the liver transplantation.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis, controlled observation experiment was performed at the Department of Common Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between April 2001 and July 2006.PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen patients who received liver transplantation between April 2001 and March 2003 served as retrospective study subjects. An additional 28 patients who underwent liver transplantation between March 2003 and July 2006 were randomly and evenly divided into two groups: rFⅦ a and control.METHODS: The hemorrhage rule of 15 patients who received liver transplantation in the protophase was retrospectively analyzed and the hemorrhagic feature in each time period was localized. A comparative observation was performed in the 28 patients in the anaphase. The rFⅦ a group received an intravenous injection of 70-80 μ g/kg rFⅦ a for 3-5 minutes. Simultaneously, the control group was given 50 m/physiological saline in parallel.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hemorrhage volume of 15 patients that received liver transplantation in each phase; prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and total hemorrhage volume prior to and 30 minutes after rFⅦa application in 14 patients who received liver transplantation.RESULTS: Extensive errhysis was a primary cause of hemorrhage in the liver transplantation. Hemorrhage pdmadly occurred in the phase of diseased liver resection (i.e., pre-anhepatic phase), rFⅦ a could well improve various coagulation functional indices, i.e., thromboelastography indices (reaction time, coagulation time, α angle, and maximum amplitude) and routine blood indices (prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time). Compared with the control group, hemorrhage volume was obviously decreased and transplantation time was significantly shorter in the rFⅦa group. In addition, no thrombotic complications were found in the rFⅦa group during the observation period.CONCLUSION: The pre-anhepatic phase is a primary hemorrhage phase during the liver transplantation, rFⅦ a can be successfully applied for liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate Helicobacter pylori combined with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) gavage for preparing balb/c mouse gastric cancer model.Methods Eighty balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups after 1-week adaptive feed,normal group,model group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,20 cases in each group.The model group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were given Helicobacter pylori bacteria liquid (CFU=109/mL) gavage,once every other day for 5 times;then,the freshly configured MNU solution 0.15,0.3,0.6 mL gavages were in turn given,MNU and pure water allocation ratio was 5mg:3mL.Once gavage per week for continuous 10 weeks.Results The model group II had 66.67% adenocarcinoma,the model group I were gastritis with mild atypical hyperplasia,and all mice in the model group III died.Conclusion This method can prepare the gastric cancer model.

Objective To explore the significance of interleukin -35 (IL -35)in serum of patients with severe hepatitis.Methods Collected 39 cases of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients and severe hepatitis,and col-lected 19 cases of healthy control's(HC)peripheral blood at the same time.ELISA method was used to detect IL -35 levels.Results IL -35 in CHB and severe hepatitis group [(483.5 ±280.7)ng/mL and (277.9 ±248.7)ng/mL] were higher than HC group (50.5 ±47.8)ng/mL(t =2.089,3.303,P =0.044,0.002).In severe hepatitis group, the IL -35 levels in survivors group (305.3 ±301.2)ng/mL was higher than death group (78.7 ±33.2)ng/mL (P =0.012).IL -35 was positively correlated with ALT and AST,the correlation coefficient were 0.649 and 0.599. Conclusion IL -35 is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B process,the low serum IL -35 levels in severe hepatitis patients may herald a bad prognosis.

Objective To determine the level of awareness about thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke among community residents in Yuzhong district,Chongqing,China.Methods We used multi-stage sampling to select 1500 households distributed in 3 Street of Yuzhong district,and then one member of each household answered the survey.A trained interviewer conducted a face to face survey about the questions regarding stroke warning signs and thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke.Results A total of 1101 participants completed the survey.Only 257 (23.3％,95％ CI 20.8-25.8) participants were aware of thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke and 59.9％ of them (154/257,95％ CI53.9-65.9) knew the time window of thrombolytic therapy.The rate of thrombolytic therapy awareness was higher among people with young age,well-educated,with higher household income with health insurance,and those who knew all 5 stroke warning signs.People aged ≥75 years had higher rate of awareness of the time window.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,education level,health insurance and knowledge of stroke warning signs were independently associated with the rate of thrombolytic therapy awareness.Conclusions In this population-based survey the community residents had poor awareness of thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke.It is necessary to improve the level of public knowledge about thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke by health education.

Objectives Brain atrophy plays a key role in post-stroke dementia. The current study aims to explore risk factors for brain atrophy in different regions in order to find the ultimate therapeutic strategy. Methods Consecutive stroke and/or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients were recruited from July 2012 to June . The clinical features, neuro?imaging findings and risk factors were collected during hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis showed that, except for age, female gender (Odds ratio, OR=2.447, P=0.007) and the number of silent lacuna infarcts (OR=1.414, P=0.027) were independent risk factors for frontal lobe atrophy. Ischemic stroke history (OR=2.224, P=0.024) was the independent risk factor for parietal lobe atrophy. All of extra-/intracranial larger artery diseases (OR=2.584, P=0.015) and white mat?ter severity score (OR=1.112, P=0.007) as well as the number of silent lacuna infarcts (OR=1.158,P=0.042) were inde?pendent risk factors for medial temporal lobe atrophy. Moreover, diabetes (OR=2.109, P=0.001),atrial fibrillation (OR=1.934, P=0.015) and white matter severity score (OR=1.098, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for global brain atro? phy. Conclusion Risk factors for brain atrophy included diabetes,atrial fibrillation, silent lacuna infarcts and white mat?ter changes. We should pay more attention to those patients with above risk factors in order to slow down the progression of brain atrophy and also prevent them from dementia by early interventions.

Objective To explore the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on activity in the intact motor cortex controlling the suprahyoid muscles and thus on dysphagia after an unilateral stroke.Methods Forty patients suffering dysphagia more than two weeks after a unilateral cerebral stroke were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group,each of 20.Both groups were given traditional swallowing rehabilitation training,while the experimental group was additionally provided with 5 Hz rTMS for two weeks.Before and after the treatment,all of the patients were characterized using X-ray fluoroscopy,video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and surface electromyography,and their swallowing was evaluated using a standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) and a penetration-aspiration scale (PAS).Results After the treatment,significant improvement was observed in both groups in the average swallowing time and in the maximum amplitude of sEMG,as well as the average SSA,PAS and VFSS scores (P＜0.05).The average values in the experimental group were in all cases significantly better than the control group's averages (P＜0.05).Conclusion Applying rTMS at 5 Hz to the motor cortex of the contralateral hemisphere controlling the suprahyoid muscles can effectively improve unilateral-hemisphere dysphagia after stroke.